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Myth and Kazakh Mythology: Retrospective Analysis and Prospects of Research ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(22), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i22/95559, June 2016 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Myth and Kazakh Mythology: Retrospective Analysis and Prospects of Research Rauza N. Uskembaeva, Elmira T. Zhanysbekova, Hafiza Orazbaeva and Karlygash J. Saparbaeva Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai, 050010, Almaty, Dostyk Ave. 13, Republic of Kazakhstan; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Background/Objectives: The only source of various mythic ideas is the living word with its metaphorical and consonant expressions. To show the necessity and naturalness of myths’ creation one has to refer to the language history. Methods/Statistical analysis: The model of reality perception fixed in language makes a linguistic view of the world. The thepresent language. paper Besides,considers the some paper matters reveals of mythologythe term of development myth and its history, properties scientific to represent approaches national that can history, be applied language thereto, and and also the matters of history of Kazakh’s linguistic view of the world development by means of mythology reflected in Findings: The only source of various mythic ideas is the living word with itsthe metaphorical nation’s spiritual and consonant world. There expressions. is a brief To analysis show the concerning necessity researches and naturalness of Kazakh of myths’ myth, creation meaning one of has mythological to refer to symbols and words and patterns of their use. literature lead philologists to the fair conclusion that material perfection of language is in the reverse ratio to its historical destinies:the language the history.more ancient Learning the ofstudied languages epoch in of different language, periods the richer of their its material development and forms; by survive the more historic evident monuments losses that of Applications/Improvements: It’s important that linguistic means for mythological human speech suffers in its structure. In this regard Kazakh mythology for future generations is prominent historical value to learn language, history and believes. world-view reflection used in Kazakh myths are yet more proof of the richness and omnitude of our national language, and withoutKeywords: doubt can be an object of new researches. 1. Introduction Characters of Myths, Concepts, Linguistic View ofand the development World, Mythology, of spiritual Scientific culture, Approaches, which had Symbols survived the test of time and had been delivered for centuries, and The Kazakh mythology had not been studied separately taking into account the current life of Kazakh society, from folkloristics until the beginning of the 20th century. modern trends, development of religious and educational And those few researches, who dealt with it, paid little sphere, preservation and effective use of country’s cultural attention to interpretation and analysis of mythical heritage” the national program called “Cultural Heritage” stories. Such an outlook on the world, which was actively was developed. At the present time it is realized by means promulgated by national ideology, was a source for the of scientific studies in the area of Kazakh nation’s cultural sense of novelty, prospect of “promising future”, while heritage. Nazarbaev N.A. highlighted, “…one of the mythology was directly linked to ancient folk beliefs. The fundamental tasks of “Cultural Heritage” program is the first researches dedicated to mythology started just after education of generation, which will be well familiar with Kazakhstan was recognized as an independent country. traditions of native culture and the history of its nation”1-4. Thus, upon the initiative of President of the Republic of The spiritual treasures of ancestors are preserved Kazakhstan Nazarbaev N.A. “for the purpose of recovery and delivered in stories, retellings, legends, edifications * Author for correspondence Myth and Kazakh Mythology: Retrospective Analysis and Prospects of Research and proverbs. The significant place in the cultural life At the bottom of this process there was formation of of Kazakhs was taken by historical and mythological new apologetic attitude towards myth as eternal living works, such as “Book of Korkyt-Ata”, “Er Tostik”, “Zhayik origin (Nietzsche F., Freud Z., Jung K.). Together with and Edil”, “Dyn Sulu”, which promulgate customs and this, there is a question concerning difference between traditions of our nation. primitive world and modern mythologization, correlation If we say that mythology is one of the most ancient between mythologeme and historical reality, relation phenomena of spiritual culture, the myth then is the first between ancient myth and literature. type of consciousness that had not been fully developed As psychoanalytic school (Freud Z., Jung K.) revealed yet. Mythic works cover tales, eposes and legends. In in the basis of mythological experience there are terms of Greek language the work “mythology” means psychological “altered states of consciousness”. They were the aggregate of myths (from “mythos” - a kind of caused with both - the effects of mass consciousness and ancient fable, legend; and “logos” than means word, tale, the neurotic constitution of person that forms myth for doctrine). Practically every nation had its mythological correction of social and psychic reality and compensation ideas at definite stage of development. In mythology of its lameness. there was no clear boundary between environment and According to conclusions of psychoanalysts in regard human, feelings and thoughts, will, idea and “a thing in of mythological thinking, channels of transmission of itself”, between subject and object. Such boundaries had archaic material to modern life, studying of writer’s art with emerged much later. The irrepressible thirst of man for account of psychological features of author’s personality, cognition of the world led to rise of different difficulties, the use of myth as a mean for description of artistic work’s which made people to fall back on prayer to the God or characters and creation of their natures often serve as the some other unknown powers. And this is the key feature key for paradoxical deepening of psychologism. of myth. Another one theory that had deepened and enriched In traditional understanding, myth is the narrative the idea about peculiarity of mythological thinking is form that emerges at various stages of history, in which the myth theory of German philosopher Cassirer E. phenomena of nature and culture are represented in Considering myth as an autonomous symbolical form spirited and impersonated form. According to later of culture distinguished with specific way of symbolical interpretation, it is a historically stipulated kind of cultural objectification of sense data, Cassirer supposed that conscious. In modern understanding, myth is considered myth-making is the principal manifestation of spiritual as non-critically perceived views. In such a way, the term activity of people. He stated that “myth is the closed of myth possesses three meanings in ordinary and cultural symbolic system unified with the character of functioning language: 1) The ancient legend; 2) The myth-making, and the way of visual environment modeling”. Cassirer E. mythological cosmogenesis; and 3) The specific state of is also being the author of the concept that implies that conscious that is historically and culturally stipulated. “visual-sensual thinking can generalize anything, only Being one of the central phenomenon in the when it becomes a sigh or a symbol”. Thus, we can see the history of art and literature, the most ancient mean of considerable importance of myth-making in the process environmental reality and human’s nature perception and of man and society’s self-cognition. also the primary model of any ideology and various types We should also consider myth a significant of culture, including religion and philosophy, myth has anthropological category. Conceptualization of modern been occupied the attention of scientists for centuries. socio cultural situation with ever increasing frequency According to Meletinsky E.M., “Mythology is the leads to the necessity of research of mythological necessary condition and primary material for any kind conscious phenomenon that stipulates peculiarities of art… It is nothing but the universum in its absolute of man’s world-view and social behavior. The wish to form, the true universum in itself, the style of life full of understand the nature of mythological ideas, study their miracles and chaos in divine creation, which is the poetry influence on development of cultural universum, reveal on its own and at the same time - the material and the internal mechanisms of myth functioning within culture element for that poetry. Mythology is the world and the is mainly linked to reasoning of human existence in the soil, from which the works of art grow”. world of culture. 2 Vol 9 (22) | June 2016 | www.indjst.org Indian Journal of Science and Technology Rauza N. Uskembaeva, Elmira T. Zhanysbekova, Hafiza Orazbaeva and Karlygash J. Saparbaeva The concept of myth refers to various phenomena of area is “Mythologies” - the work of Bart R., in which he modern socio cultural life – it expresses itself as a mean declared the modern epoch “a privileged area of mythical for society control, ideology and political propaganda; meanings”. an instrument for creation of brands in economy; “Culture
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