Das Reichssicherheitshauptamt
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Das Reichsstudentenwerk Sozialbetreuung Von Studierenden Im Nationalsozialismus Eine Historische Studie Von Dr
Das Reichsstudentenwerk Sozialbetreuung von Studierenden im Nationalsozialismus Eine historische Studie von Dr. Christian Schölzel im Auftrag des Deutschen Studentenwerks 6 5 0 1 / 1 0 9 4 R n i l r e B . h c r A B Vorworte n n a m l e h c s r e H y a K : s o t Prof. Dr. Rolf-Dieter Postlep, Präsident Achim Meyer auf der Heyde, Generalsekretär o F Im Jahr 1921 – eine Zeit, in der die Studierenden in Deutschland Das Deutsche Studentenwerk als Verband der heute 57 Stu - immer noch stark unter den Folgen des Ersten Weltkriegs denten- und Studierendenwerke hat eine doppelte Mission: litten – wurde am 19.2. als unmittelbare Vorgängerinstitution sich für gute Rahmenbedingungen für die Studentenwerke des Deutschen Studentenwerks die „Wirtschaftshilfe der Deut - einzusetzen – und für die sozialpolitischen Belange der rund schen Studentenschaft e.V.“ gegründet, der Dachverband der 2,9 Millionen Studierenden in Deutschland. kurz zuvor etwa in Dresden, München, Bonn oder Tübingen entstandenen Selbsthilfeeinrichtungen bzw. Studentenhilfen. Dieser doppelte politische Auftrag hat seine Wurzeln im zivil - gesellschaftlichen, demokratischen Engagement von Studie - 2021 jährt sich die Gründung des Deutschen Studentenwerks renden und Lehrenden nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Diesen zum 100. Mal. Eine bruchlose Linie von 1921 bis 2021 gibt es Werten sind die Studenten- und Studierendenwerke bis heute allerdings nicht. Die Zeit der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft zutiefst verpflichtet. stellt eine tiefe institutionelle Zäsur dar: Die Studentenwerke wurden gleichgeschaltet und jeglicher Autonomie beraubt; Mit dieser geschichtswissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeit ihr Dachverband wurde instrumentalisiert und integriert ins werden nun erstmals die Jahre der nationalsozialistischen Gefüge der NS-Diktatur. -
Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany
Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany Russell A. Miller* INTRODUCTION Scholarly discourse over America’s national security policy frequently invites comparison with Germany’s policy.1 Interest in Germany’s national security jurisprudence arises because, like the United States, Germany is a constitutional democracy. Yet, in contrast to the United States, modern Germany’s historical encounters with violent authoritarian, anti-democratic, and terrorist movements have endowed it with a wealth of constitutional experience in balancing security and liberty. The first of these historical encounters – with National Socialism – provided the legacy against which Germany’s post-World War II constitutional order is fundamentally defined.2 The second encounter – with leftist domestic radicalism in the 1970s and 1980s – required the maturing German democracy to react to domestic terrorism.3 The third encounter – the security threat posed in the * Associate Professor of Law, Washington & Lee University School of Law ([email protected]); co-Editor-in-Chief, German Law Journal (http://www.germanlaw journal.com). This essay draws on material prepared for a forthcoming publication. See DONALD P. KOMMERS & RUSSELL A. MILLER, THE CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (3rd ed., forthcoming 2011). It also draws on a previously published piece. See Russell A. Miller, Comparative Law and Germany’s Militant Democracy, in US NATIONAL SECURITY, INTELLIGENCE AND DEMOCRACY 229 (Russell A. Miller ed., 2008). The essay was written during my term as a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and Public International Law in Heidelberg, Germany. 1. See, e.g., Jacqueline E. Ross, The Place of Covert Surveillance in Democratic Societies: A Comparative Study of the United States and Germany, 55 AM. -
Art As Resistance by Langer
Dokument1 21.10.1998 02:20 Uhr Seite 1 Bernd Langer Art as Resistance Placats · Paintings· Actions · Texts from the Initiative Kunst und Kampf (Art and Struggle) KUNST UND KAMPF KuK Gesch engl 20.10.1998 22:48 Uhr Seite 1 Art as Resistance Paintings · Placats · Actions · Texts from the Initiative Kunst und Kampf (Art and Struggle) KuK Gesch engl 20.10.1998 22:48 Uhr Seite 2 Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Langer, Bernd: Art as resistance : placats, paintings, actions, texts from the Initiative Kunst und Kampf (art and struggle) ; Kunst und Kampf / Bernd Langer. [Transl. by: Anti-Fascist Forum]. - 1. Engl. ed. - Gšttingen : Aktiv-Dr. und Verl., 1998 Einheitssacht.: Kunst als Widerstand <engl.> ISBN 3-932210-03-4 Copyright © 1998 by Bernd Langer | Kunst und Kampf AktivDruck & Verlag Lenglerner Straße 2 37079 Göttingen Phone ++49-(5 51) 6 70 65 Fax ++49-(5 51) 63 27 65 All rights reserved Cover and Design, Composing, Scans: Martin Groß Internet: http://www.puk.de interactive web-community for politics and culture e-Mail: [email protected] Translated by: Anti-Fascist Forum P.O. Box 6326, Stn. A Toronto, Ontario M5W 1P7 Canada Internet: http://burn.ucsd.edu/~aff/ e-Mail: [email protected] first English edition, November 1998 Langer, Bernd: Art as Resistance Paintings · Placats · Actions · Texts from the Initiative Kunst und Kampf Internet: http://www.puk.de/kuk/ e-Mail: [email protected] ISBN 3-932210-03-4 KuK Gesch engl 20.10.1998 22:48 Uhr Seite 3 Bernd Langer Art as Resistance Paintings · Placats · Actions · Texts from the Initiative Kunst und Kampf (Art and Struggle) Kunst und Kampf KuK Gesch engl 20.10.1998 22:48 Uhr Seite 4 Table of contents 5 Foreword Part 1 Chapter I ..................................................................................... -
Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung Gemeinsam Mit Dem Bundespräsidenten Veröffentlichungen Der Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung Band 91 Aus Anlass Des 40
Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung gemeinsam mit dem Bundespräsidenten Veröffentlichungen der Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung Band 91 Aus Anlass des 40. Todestages von Hanns Martin Schleyer zum Gedenken und Nachdenken: Die Freiheit verteidigen, die Demokratie stärken – eine bleibende Heraus forderung 18. Oktober 2017 im Schloss Bellevue Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung gemeinsam mit dem Bundespräsidenten Herausgegeben von Barbara Frenz Die Deutsche Bibliothek – CIP-Einheitsaufnahme. Ein Titeldaten- satz für die Publikation ist bei der Deutschen Bibliothek erhält- lich. ISBN: 978-3-9809206-8-1 © 2017 Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberschutzgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung der Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Satz: Mazany – Werbekonzeption und Realisation, Düsseldorf Printed in Germany Inhalt Ansprache Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier . 13 Grußwort Wilfried Porth . 23 Historische Einführung Stefan Aust . .29 Podiums- und Saaldiskussion . 39 Teilnehmende auf dem Podium: Stefan Aust Generalbundesanwalt Dr. Peter Frank Prof. Dr. Renate Köcher Prof. Dr. Andreas Rödder Moderation: Ina Baltes Worte zum Ende der Gedenkveranstaltung Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier . 67 Anhang: Redaktionelle Nachbemerkung . 73 Veröffentlichungen der Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung. 74 Leitung Barbara Frenz Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung 7 Ansprache des Bundespräsidenten Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier Lieber Hanns-Eberhard Schleyer, verehrte Familie Schleyer, verehrte Angehörige der Mordopfer der RAF, die Sie heute zu uns gekommen sind, Abgeordnete, verehrte Ministerpräsidenten Vogel und Biedenkopf, verehrter Herr Porth, Freunde und Förderer der Hanns Martin Schleyer-Stiftung, meine sehr verehrten Damen und Herren, Mord verjährt nicht. -
Die Schrecklichen Kinder: German Artists Confronting the Legacy of Nazism
Die Schrecklichen Kinder: German Artists Confronting the Legacy of Nazism A Division III by A. Elizabeth Berg May 2013 Chair: Sura Levine Members: Jim Wald and Karen Koehler 2 Table of Contents Introduction . 3 Heroic Symbols: Anselm Kiefer and the Nazi Salute . 13 And You Were Victorious After All: Hans Haacke and the Remnants of Nazism . 31 “The Right Thing to the Wrong People”: The Red Army Faction and Gerhard Richter’s 18. Oktober 1977 . 49 Conclusion . 79 Bibliography . 85 3 Introduction After the end of World War II, they were known as the Fatherless Generation. The children of postwar Germany—the children of Nazis—had lost their fathers in the war, though not always as a result of their death. For many members of this generation, even if their fathers did survive the war and perhaps even years in POW camps, they often returned irreparably physically and psychologically damaged. Once these children reached adolescence, many began to question their parents’ involvement with Nazism and their role during the war. Those who had participated in the atrocities of the war and those whose silence betrayed their guilt were problematic role models for their children, unable to fulfill their roles as parents with any moral authority.1 When these children came of age in the 1960s and entered universities, there was a major shift in the conversation about the war and the process of coming to terms with the past. The members of the postwar generation made themselves heard through large-scale protest and, eventually, violence. In this series of essays, I will look at the ways in which artists of this generation created work in response to their troubled history and the generational politics of the 1960s and 70s. -
Martin Broszat
Martin Broszat (August 14, 1926 – October 14, 1989) was a Germanhistorian specializing in modern German social history whose work has been described by The Encyclopedia of Historians as indispensable for any serious study of Nazi Germany.[1] Broszat was born in Leipzig, Germany and studied history at the University of Leipzig (1944–1949) and at the University of Cologne (1949–1952).[1] He married Alice Welter in 1953 and had three children.[1] He served as a professor at the University of Cologne (1954–1955), at the Institute of Contemporary History in Munich (1955–1989) and was a Professor Emeritus at the University of Konstanz (1969–1980).[1] He was head of the Institut für Zeitgeschichte (Institute of Contemporary History) between 1972 and 1989.[1] Work[edit] Early Work[edit] In 1944, as a university student, Broszat joined the Nazi Party.[2] Broszat's protégé Ian Kershaw wrote about the relationship between Broszat's party membership and his later historical work: "Broszat's driving incentive was to help an understanding of how Germany could sink into barbarity. That he himself had succumbed to the elan of the Nazi Movement was central to his motivation to elucidate for later generations how it could have happened. And that the later murder of the Jews arose from Nazism's anti-Jewish policies, but that these played so little part in the idealism of millions who had been drawn into support for the Nazi Movement (or in his own enthusiasm for the Hitler Youth), posed questions he always sought to answer. It amounted to a search for the pathological causes of the collapse of civilization in German society. -
Ideology and Terror in Germany
An Age of Murder: Ideology and Terror in Germany Jeffrey Herf It is best to begin with the obvious. This is a series of lectures about murder, indeed about an age of murder. Murders to be sure inspired by politi- cal ideas, but murders nevertheless. In all, the Rote Armee Fraktion (Red Army Faction, hereafter the RAF) murdered thirty-four people and would have killed more had police and intelligence agencies not arrested them or prevented them from carrying out additional “actions.” Yesterday, the papers reported that thirty-two people were killed in suicide-bomb attacks in Iraq, and thirty-four the day before, and neither of those war crimes were front-page news in the New York Times or the Washington Post. So there is an element of injustice in the amount of time and attention devoted to the thirty-four murders committed by the RAF over a period of twenty- two years and that devoted to the far more numerous victims of radical Islamist terror. Yet the fact that the murders of large numbers of people today has become horribly routine is no reason to dismiss the significance of the murders of a much smaller number for German history. Along with the murders came attempted murders, bank robberies, and explosions at a variety of West German and American institutions. The number of dead could have been much higher. If the RAF had not used pistols, machine guns, bazookas, rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), remote-controlled . This article was originally delivered as the opening lecture of the lecture series “The ‘German Autumn’ of 977: Terror, State, and Society in West Germany,” held at the German Historical Institute in Washington, DC, on Thursday, September 7, 007. -
The Cases of Rote Armee Fraktion and Brigate Rosse
Araştırma Makalesi Research Article Factors behind the Rise and Fall of Left-Wing 469 Güvenlik Terrorism in Western Europe: Stratejileri The Cases of Rote Armee Fraktion Cilt: 15 Sayı: 31 and Brigate Rosse Batı Avrupa’da Sol Tandanslı Terörizmin Yükselişinin ve Düşüşünün Arkasındaki Faktörler: Kızıl Ordu Fraksiyonu ve Kızıl Tugaylar Örnekleri Göktuğ SÖNMEZ* Abstract The article discusses the rise and fall of the two famous left-wing terrorist groups, namely Rote Armee Fraktion and Brigate Rosse. After a brief discussion about left-wing extremism, following sections will focus on each group in more detail. After these sections, an analysis of 469 commonalities and differences about their rise and fall will be presented. Güvenlik It is expected that a causal mechanism will be fleshed out not only Stratejileri regarding left-wing terrorist groups but also terrorist groups all around Yıl: 8 the world regardless of their particular mind-set, which can both open up Sayı:16 space for future research and help devising more effective counter- terrorism strategies. Keywords: Rote Armee Fraktion, Brigate Rosse, extreme-left terrorism, Stasi, KGB. * Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Department of International Relations; Director, Centre for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies, Security Studies,e-mail: [email protected]. Geliş Tarihi / Arrived: 06.05.2018 Kabul Tarihi / Accepted: 22.01.2019 Göktuğ SÖNMEZ 470 Öz Güvenlik Bu makale öne çıkan iki aşırı sol terörist grubu, Kızıl Ordu Stratejileri Fraksiyonu (Red Armee Fraktion-RAF) ve Kızıl Tugaylar (Brigate Rosse- Cilt: 15 BR) yapılanmalarını ele almaktadır. Aşırı sol terörizme dair kısa bir Sayı: 31 tartışmayı takip edecek bölümler bu grupların her birini daha detaylı biçimde ele alacaktır. -
Lutz Hachmeister Schleyer Eine Deutsche Geschichte C. H. Beck Verlag München 2004 ISBN 3-406-51863-X
Translated excerpts Translated Translated excerpts from: Lutz Hachmeister Schleyer Eine deutsche Geschichte C. H. Beck Verlag München 2004 ISBN 3-406-51863-X pp. 9-15, 132-136 and 252-257 Lutz Hachmeister Schleyer A German Story Translated by Philip Schmitz © Litrix.de 2004 Contents 1 Introduction 2 The Son of the Judge Youth and Political Imprinting 39 • The Father 44 • School Days and Entry into the Hitler Youth 57 • Stromer II. – A Member of “Teutonia” in Rastatt 68 • An SA Obergruppenführer as Father-in-Law 72 3 The Nazi Student Leader “University Revolution” in Heidelberg 79 • Conquering the School of Law 81 • The National Socialist University Revolution 86 • The Militant Fraternity Brothers: Gustav Adolf Scheel and Comrades 89 • The “Heidelberg Line” 100 • Schleyer As a Member of “Suevia” 105 • “The Blood and the Strength and the Self-confidence” 113 • An Affair in Freiburg 127 • Schleyer’s Ideas on “Political Education” 132 • The Heidelberg Student Convention of 1937 136 • Langemarck 140 • Working for the Student Association 145 • In Innsbruck 154 • The Conflict Concerning Legal Training 159 4 An Expert in Prague German Rule in “Bohemia and Moravia” 165 • The Protectorate and the SS 167 • A Mountain Trooper in France 173 • Student Politics and Working for the Student Association in Prague 176 • The Central Federation of Industry in Bohemia and Moravia 187 • Schleyer’s Mentor: Bernhard Adolf 190 • The Aryanization and Germanization of Czech Industry 193 • Adolf’s Germanization Program 198 • Reinhard Heydrich 199 • Friedrich Kuhn-Weiss 209 • The War Economy: “Rationalization” and “Labor Allocation” 212 • Escape from Prague 224 5 A Career in a Global Corporation From Internment to Rising at Daimler-Benz 227 • A Career Begins Anew 239 • Starting Out at Daimler 242 • Daimler-Benz during the Reconstruction Years 243 • The Backer: Fritz Könecke 247 • The Personnel Manager 252 • Schleyer and South America 257 • General Manager Walter Hitzinger, The Luckless Linzer 263 • The Duel, Schleyer vs. -
The Passion of Max Von Oppenheim Archaeology and Intrigue in the Middle East from Wilhelm II to Hitler
To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/163 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Lionel Gossman is M. Taylor Pyne Professor of Romance Languages (Emeritus) at Princeton University. Most of his work has been on seventeenth and eighteenth-century French literature, nineteenth-century European cultural history, and the theory and practice of historiography. His publications include Men and Masks: A Study of Molière; Medievalism and the Ideologies of the Enlightenment: The World and Work of La Curne de Sainte- Palaye; French Society and Culture: Background for 18th Century Literature; Augustin Thierry and Liberal Historiography; The Empire Unpossess’d: An Essay on Gibbon’s “Decline and Fall”; Between History and Literature; Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas; The Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck’s “Italia und Germania”; Figuring History; and several edited volumes: The Charles Sanders Peirce Symposium on Semiotics and the Arts; Building a Profession: Autobiographical Perspectives on the Beginnings of Comparative Literature in the United States (with Mihai Spariosu); Geneva-Zurich-Basel: History, Culture, and National Identity, and Begegnungen mit Jacob Burckhardt (with Andreas Cesana). He is also the author of Brownshirt Princess: A Study of the ‘Nazi Conscience’, and the editor and translator of The End and the Beginning: The Book of My Life by Hermynia Zur Mühlen, both published by OBP. -
Anne C. Nagel, Johannes Popitz (1884–1945)
OLDENBOURG MGZ 74/1–2 (2015): 351–353 Anne C. Nagel, Johannes Popitz (1884–1945). Görings Finanzminister und Ver- schwörer gegen Hitler. Eine Biographie, Köln [u. a.]: Böhlau 2015, 251 S., EUR 24,90 [ISBN 978-3-412-22456-1] Besprochen von Winfried Heinemann: Potsdam, E-Mail: [email protected] DOI 10.1515/mgzs-2015-0058 Innerhalb jener Verschwörung, die gemeinhin unter dem Dachbegriff »20. Juli« zusammengefasst wird, unterscheidet die Forschung verschiedene Gruppen und Strömungen: ältere und jüngere, zivile und militärische, oder – strukturell – die Gruppen um Carl Friedrich Goerdeler und Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg. MGZ, © 2015 ZMSBw, Potsdam. Publiziert von De Gruyter 352 Buchbesprechungen OLDENBOURG Ihnen allen ist gemein, dass sie zu den Funktionseliten des Reiches gehörten, als Beamte, Offiziere oder Diplomaten, und dass sie daher mehr oder weniger in den Aufstieg jenes NS-Regimes eingebunden waren, das sie später vehement und oft unter Verlust ihres Lebens bekämpften. Dieser Befund gilt ganz besonders für Johannes Popitz, dem die Göttinger Professorin Anne C. Nagel in diesem Band ein Denkmal gesetzt hat. Popitz macht im Kaiserreich und in der Weimarer Republik eine klassische Beamtenkarriere, entwickelt sich zum Finanzexperten und ist 1933 Staatssekretär im Reichsfinanzministerium. Popitz ist Karrierist, nicht einmal seine Biografin unternimmt den Versuch, ihn als liebenswürdig oder als angenehmen Gesprächs- partner zu beschreiben. Popitz stellt sich durchaus opportunistisch dem NS- Regime zur Verfügung, und schon bald holt ihn der preußische Ministerpräsident Hermann Göring in seine Regierung – natürlich als Finanzminister. Nicht nur, dass Popitz den völlig maroden preußischen Staatshaushalt sanieren soll, was ihm auch gut gelingt: Er muss zugleich die Mittel bereitstellen, die der prunksüch- tige Göring für seine Lebenshaltung braucht. -
The Lasting Legacy of the Red Army Faction
WEST GERMAN TERROR: THE LASTING LEGACY OF THE RED ARMY FACTION Christina L. Stefanik A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2009 Committee: Dr. Kristie Foell, Advisor Dr. Christina Guenther Dr. Jeffrey Peake Dr. Stefan Fritsch ii ABSTRACT Dr. Kristie Foell, Advisor In the 1970s, West Germany experienced a wave of terrorism that was like nothing known there previously. Most of the terror emerged from a small group that called itself the Rote Armee Fraktion, Red Army Faction (RAF). Though many guerrilla groupings formed in West Germany in the 1970s, the RAF was the most influential and had the most staying-power. The group, which officially disbanded in 1998, after five years of inactivity, could claim thirty- four deaths and numerous injuries The death toll and the various kidnappings and robberies are only part of the RAF's story. The group always remained numerically small, but their presence was felt throughout the Federal Republic, as wanted posters and continual public discourse contributed to a strong, almost tangible presence. In this text, I explore the founding of the group in the greater West German context. The RAF members believed that they could dismantle the international systems of imperialism and capitalism, in order for a Marxist-Leninist revolution to take place. The group quickly moved from words to violence, and the young West German state was tested. The longevity of the group, in the minds of Germans, will be explored in this work.