Ideology and Terror in Germany
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1996 Human Rights Report: Germany Page 1 of 5
1996 Human Rights Report: Germany Page 1 of 5 The State Department web site below is a permanent electro information released prior to January 20, 2001. Please see w material released since President George W. Bush took offic This site is not updated so external links may no longer func us with any questions about finding information. NOTE: External links to other Internet sites should not be co endorsement of the views contained therein. U.S. Department of State Germany Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1996 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, January 30, 1997. GERMANY The Federal Republic of Germany is a constitutional parliamentary democracy with an independent judiciary; citizens periodically choose their representatives in free and fair multiparty elections. The head of the Federal Government, the Chancellor, is elected by the lower house of Parliament. The powers of the Chancellor and of the Parliament are set forth in the Basic Law (Constitution). The 16 states enjoy significant autonomy, especially as concerns law enforcement and the courts, education, the environment, and social assistance. Law enforcement is primarily a responsibility of state governments, and the police are organized at the state level. The jurisdiction of the Federal Criminal Office is limited to international organized crime, especially narcotics trafficking, weapons smuggling, and currency counterfeiting. Police forces in general are well trained, disciplined, and mindful of citizens' rights, although there were occasional instances of police abuse. Germany's highly advanced economy affords its residents a high standard of living. The economy has had difficulty pulling out of its 1993-94 recession, which followed a reunification boom in the early 1990's. -
Annual Report 2019 Contents
Annual Report 2019 Contents 4 Foreword 93 Report of the Supervisory Board 6 Executive Board 102 Consolidated Financial Statements 103 Consolidated Statement of 8 The Axel Springer share Financial Position 10 Combined Management Report 105 Consolidated Income Statement 106 Consolidated Statement of 13 Fundamentals of the Axel Springer Group Comprehensive Income 24 Economic Report 107 Consolidated Statement of 44 Economic Position of Axel Springer SE Cash Flows 48 Report on risks and opportunities 108 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 60 Forecast Report 109 Consolidated Segment Report 71 Disclosures and explanatory report on the Executive Board pursuant to takeover law 110 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 77 Corporate Governance Report 180 Responsibility Statement 181 Independent Auditor’s Report 187 Boards 2 Group Key Figures in € millions Change yoy 2019 2018 Group Revenues – 2.2 % 3,112.1 3,180.7 Digital revenue share1) 73.3 % 70.6 % 2) EBITDA, adjusted – 14.5 % 630.6 737.9 EBITDA margin, adjusted2) 20.3 % 23.2 % 2) EBIT, adjusted – 21.5 % 414.5 527.9 EBIT margin, adjusted 2) 13.3 % 16.6 % Net income – 35.4 % 134.6 208.4 2) Net income, adjusted – 21.5 % 263.7 335.7 Segments Revenues Classifieds Media 0.1 % 1,213.8 1,212.5 News Media – 4.4 % 1,430.9 1,496.2 Marketing Media 0.8 % 421.5 418.3 Services/Holding – 14.4 % 46.0 53.7 EBITDA, adjusted2) Classifieds Media – 3.8 % 468.4 487.2 News Media – 39.3 % 138.5 228.2 Marketing Media 20.3 % 107.8 89.6 Services/Holding − – 84.1 – 67.0 EBIT, adjusted2) Classifieds Media – 7.1 % 377.9 406.7 News Media – 54.4 % 72.1 158.2 Marketing Media 26.1 % 83.3 66.0 Services/Holding − – 118.6 – 103.0 Liquidity and financial position 2) Free cash flow (FCF) – 38.1 % 214.6 346.9 2) 3) FCF excl. -
Cornell International Affairs Review Editor-In-Chief Stephany Kim ’19
1 Cornell International Affairs Review Editor-in-Chief Stephany Kim ’19 Managing Editor Ronni Mok ’20 Graduate Editors Amanda Cheney Caitlin Mastroe Martijn Mos Katharina Obermeier Whitney Taylor Youyi Zhang Undergraduate Editors Victoria Alandy ’20 Carmen Chan ’19 Christopher Cho ’17 Nidhi Dontula ’20 Gage DuBose ’18 Michelle Fung ’19 Matthew Gallanty ’18 Yuichiro Kakutani ’19 Beth Kelley ’19 Veronika Koziel ’19 Ethan Mandell ’18 Tola Mcyzkowska ’17 Ryan Norton ’17 Juliette Ovadia ’20 Srinand Paruthiyil ’19 Chasen Richards ’18 Xavier Salvador ’19 Julia Wang ’19 Yuijing Wang ’20 Design Editors Yuichiro Kakutani ’19 Yujing Wang ’20 Executive Board President Sohrab Nafisi ’18 Treasurer Ronni Mok ’20 VP of Programming Xavier Salvador ’19 Volume X Spring 2017 2 The Cornell International Affairs Review Board of Advisors Dr. Heike Michelsen, Primary Advisor Associate Director of Academic Programming, Einaudi Center for International Studies Professor Robert Andolina Johnson School of Management Professor Ross Brann Department of Near Eastern Studies Professor Matthew Evangelista Department of Government Professor Peter Katzenstein Department of Government Professor Isaac Kramnick Department of Government Professor David Lee Department of Applied Economics and Management Professor Elizabeth Sanders Department of Government Professor Nina Tannenwald Brown University Professor Nicolas van de Walle Department of Government Cornell International Affairs Review, an independent student organization located at Cornell University, produced and is responsible -
Revisiting Zero Hour 1945
REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER VOLUME 1 American Institute for Contemporary German Studies The Johns Hopkins University REVISITING ZERO-HOUR 1945 THE EMERGENCE OF POSTWAR GERMAN CULTURE edited by STEPHEN BROCKMANN FRANK TROMMLER HUMANITIES PROGRAM REPORT VOLUME 1 The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies. ©1996 by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies ISBN 0-941441-15-1 This Humanities Program Volume is made possible by the Harry & Helen Gray Humanities Program. Additional copies are available for $5.00 to cover postage and handling from the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, Suite 420, 1400 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036-2217. Telephone 202/332-9312, Fax 202/265- 9531, E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.aicgs.org ii F O R E W O R D Since its inception, AICGS has incorporated the study of German literature and culture as a part of its mandate to help provide a comprehensive understanding of contemporary Germany. The nature of Germany’s past and present requires nothing less than an interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of German society and culture. Within its research and public affairs programs, the analysis of Germany’s intellectual and cultural traditions and debates has always been central to the Institute’s work. At the time the Berlin Wall was about to fall, the Institute was awarded a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to help create an endowment for its humanities programs. -
Conceptions of Terror(Ism) and the “Other” During The
CONCEPTIONS OF TERROR(ISM) AND THE “OTHER” DURING THE EARLY YEARS OF THE RED ARMY FACTION by ALICE KATHERINE GATES B.A. University of Montana, 2007 B.S. University of Montana, 2007 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures 2012 This thesis entitled: Conceptions of Terror(ism) and the “Other” During the Early Years of the Red Army Faction written by Alice Katherine Gates has been approved for the Department of Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures _____________________________________ Dr. Helmut Müller-Sievers _____________________________________ Dr. Patrick Greaney _____________________________________ Dr. Beverly Weber Date__________________ The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we Find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards Of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. iii Gates, Alice Katherine (M.A., Germanic and Slavic Languages and Literatures) Conceptions of Terror(ism) and the “Other” During the Early Years of the Red Army Faction Thesis directed by Professor Helmut Müller-Sievers Although terrorism has existed for centuries, it continues to be extremely difficult to establish a comprehensive, cohesive definition – it is a monumental task that scholars, governments, and international organizations have yet to achieve. Integral to this concept is the variable and highly subjective distinction made by various parties between “good” and “evil,” “right” and “wrong,” “us” and “them.” This thesis examines these concepts as they relate to the actions and manifestos of the Red Army Faction (die Rote Armee Fraktion) in 1970s Germany, and seeks to understand how its members became regarded as terrorists. -
Das Reichsstudentenwerk Sozialbetreuung Von Studierenden Im Nationalsozialismus Eine Historische Studie Von Dr
Das Reichsstudentenwerk Sozialbetreuung von Studierenden im Nationalsozialismus Eine historische Studie von Dr. Christian Schölzel im Auftrag des Deutschen Studentenwerks 6 5 0 1 / 1 0 9 4 R n i l r e B . h c r A B Vorworte n n a m l e h c s r e H y a K : s o t Prof. Dr. Rolf-Dieter Postlep, Präsident Achim Meyer auf der Heyde, Generalsekretär o F Im Jahr 1921 – eine Zeit, in der die Studierenden in Deutschland Das Deutsche Studentenwerk als Verband der heute 57 Stu - immer noch stark unter den Folgen des Ersten Weltkriegs denten- und Studierendenwerke hat eine doppelte Mission: litten – wurde am 19.2. als unmittelbare Vorgängerinstitution sich für gute Rahmenbedingungen für die Studentenwerke des Deutschen Studentenwerks die „Wirtschaftshilfe der Deut - einzusetzen – und für die sozialpolitischen Belange der rund schen Studentenschaft e.V.“ gegründet, der Dachverband der 2,9 Millionen Studierenden in Deutschland. kurz zuvor etwa in Dresden, München, Bonn oder Tübingen entstandenen Selbsthilfeeinrichtungen bzw. Studentenhilfen. Dieser doppelte politische Auftrag hat seine Wurzeln im zivil - gesellschaftlichen, demokratischen Engagement von Studie - 2021 jährt sich die Gründung des Deutschen Studentenwerks renden und Lehrenden nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg. Diesen zum 100. Mal. Eine bruchlose Linie von 1921 bis 2021 gibt es Werten sind die Studenten- und Studierendenwerke bis heute allerdings nicht. Die Zeit der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft zutiefst verpflichtet. stellt eine tiefe institutionelle Zäsur dar: Die Studentenwerke wurden gleichgeschaltet und jeglicher Autonomie beraubt; Mit dieser geschichtswissenschaftlichen Forschungsarbeit ihr Dachverband wurde instrumentalisiert und integriert ins werden nun erstmals die Jahre der nationalsozialistischen Gefüge der NS-Diktatur. -
Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany
Balancing Security and Liberty in Germany Russell A. Miller* INTRODUCTION Scholarly discourse over America’s national security policy frequently invites comparison with Germany’s policy.1 Interest in Germany’s national security jurisprudence arises because, like the United States, Germany is a constitutional democracy. Yet, in contrast to the United States, modern Germany’s historical encounters with violent authoritarian, anti-democratic, and terrorist movements have endowed it with a wealth of constitutional experience in balancing security and liberty. The first of these historical encounters – with National Socialism – provided the legacy against which Germany’s post-World War II constitutional order is fundamentally defined.2 The second encounter – with leftist domestic radicalism in the 1970s and 1980s – required the maturing German democracy to react to domestic terrorism.3 The third encounter – the security threat posed in the * Associate Professor of Law, Washington & Lee University School of Law ([email protected]); co-Editor-in-Chief, German Law Journal (http://www.germanlaw journal.com). This essay draws on material prepared for a forthcoming publication. See DONALD P. KOMMERS & RUSSELL A. MILLER, THE CONSTITUTIONAL JURISPRUDENCE OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY (3rd ed., forthcoming 2011). It also draws on a previously published piece. See Russell A. Miller, Comparative Law and Germany’s Militant Democracy, in US NATIONAL SECURITY, INTELLIGENCE AND DEMOCRACY 229 (Russell A. Miller ed., 2008). The essay was written during my term as a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and Public International Law in Heidelberg, Germany. 1. See, e.g., Jacqueline E. Ross, The Place of Covert Surveillance in Democratic Societies: A Comparative Study of the United States and Germany, 55 AM. -
Die Bewegung 2. Juni Reinders/Fritzsch Die Bewegung 2 Knast Lor Haschr Gespräche Über Enz-Entführ
2 Juni•Titel 18.11.1997 16:43 Seite 1 Reinders/Fritzsch Die Bewegung 2. Juni Foto: Ralf Reinders und Ronald Fritzsch vor Gericht. »Die eigentliche Politisierung kam erst mit der Erschießung Benno Ohnesorgs am 2. Juni 1967. Nach all den Prügeln und Schlä- Gespräche über gen hatten wir das Gefühl, daß die Bullen Haschrebellen auf uns alle geschossen haben. Gegen Prü- Lorenz-Entführung gel konntest du dich ja ein stückweit weh- Knast ren. Daß aber einfach jemand abgeknallt wird, ging ein Stück weiter.« Die Bewegung Ronald Fritzsch / s 2.Juni Ralf Reinder chiv ISBN: 3-89408-052-3 Edition ID-Archiv Edition ID-Ar 2_Juni•Layout 18.11.1997 13:59 Seite 1 Ralf Reinders/Ronald Fritzsch Die Bewegung 2. Juni Gespräche über Haschrebellen, Lorenzentführung, Knast Edition ID-Archiv Berlin – Amsterdam 2_Juni•Layout 18.11.1997 13:59 Seite 2 2_Juni•Layout 18.11.1997 13:59 Seite 4 Inhalt Vorwort 7 des Verlages Von den Haschrebellen zur Bewegung 2. Juni 11 Ralf Reinders/Ronald Fritzsch Ralf Reinders/Ronald Fritzsch Die Bewegung 2. Juni Die Lorenzentführung 61 Gespräche über Haschrebellen, Ralf Reinders/Ronald Fritzsch Lorenzentführung, Knast Edition ID-Archiv »Die Unbeugsamen von der Spree« 115 Postfach 360205 Ein vom Stern nicht veröffentlichtes Interview, 10972 Berlin Dokument von 1978 ISBN: 3-89408-052-3 Fritz Teufel, Gerald Klöpper, Ralf Reinders, Ronald Fritzsch 1. Auflage Oktober 1995 Die Jahre im Knast 135 Ralf Reinders Titel Eva Meier Chronologische Eckdaten 155 Von Vietnam bis Berlin-Moabit Layout seb, Hamburg Druck Winddruck, Siegen Buchhandelsauslieferungen BRD: Rotation Vertrieb Schweiz: Pinkus Genossenschaft Österreich: Herder Auslieferung Niederlande: Papieren Tijger 2_Juni•Layout 18.11.1997 13:59 Seite 6 Vorwort Im Januar 1972 schlossen wir uns zur Bewegung 2. -
Internal Security and the Fight Against Terrorism in Germany I. the German
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Dokumenten-Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Dipl.-Soz. Sebastian Bukow Philosophische Fakultät III Institut für Sozialwissenschaften Lehrbereich Innenpolitik der BRD Unter den Linden 6 10099 Berlin [email protected] Internal security and the fight against terrorism in Germany Nearly periodically the topic of internal security appears on the public agenda of the Federal Re- public. Election Campaigns are held and elections have been won with the promise of more security [cp. 30, p. 13; 33, p. 10; 21]. The subjective feeling of a lack of security in different dimensions of life is omnipresent. The latest security- and monitoring-acts interfere deeply – and at the same time nearly unnoticed – with the daily life of every single citizen. The debate on crime and internal secu- rity is dominated by very emotional and ideological-normative arguments [cp. 18, p. 151]. Objec- tive arguments and evaluations of proportionality are hard to find. I. The German understanding of “Internal security” and its his- torical roots The term “Innere Sicherheit” – internal security – appeared for the first time in the 1960s. From then onwards it has always played an important role in political discussions. Since 1969 the Federal Ministry of the interior periodically published a report on „Innere Sicherheit“ (for the last time in 1994). Since then the term has been established in the political and administrational language. In 1972 the policy of internal security became the quasi status of law by the introduction of the “Schwerpunktprogramm Innere Sicherheit” (programme of emphasis internal security) [25, p. -
Considering the Creation of a Domestic Intelligence Agency in the United States
HOMELAND SECURITY PROGRAM and the INTELLIGENCE POLICY CENTER THE ARTS This PDF document was made available CHILD POLICY from www.rand.org as a public service of CIVIL JUSTICE the RAND Corporation. EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Jump down to document6 HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit NATIONAL SECURITY research organization providing POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY objective analysis and effective SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY solutions that address the challenges SUBSTANCE ABUSE facing the public and private sectors TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY around the world. TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE Support RAND WORKFORCE AND WORKPLACE Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore the RAND Homeland Security Program RAND Intelligence Policy Center View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Unauthorized posting of RAND PDFs to a non-RAND Web site is prohibited. RAND PDFs are protected under copyright law. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please see RAND Permissions. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono- graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. -
Unholy Alliance. the Connection Between the East German Stasi and the Right-Wing Terrorist Odfried Hepp
Unholy Alliance. The Connection between the East German Stasi and the Right-Wing Terrorist Odfried Hepp Bernhard Blumenau Introduction On 18 February 1983, a young man, aged 23, suspected that the police were keeping his apartment under surveillance and took his rucksack, climbed onto an adjacent balcony to hide there until the police were gone. In the depth of night, he left the building and ran ceaselessly through the streets of West Berlin. Finally, to confuse his pursuers, he took several taxis, as well as the U-Bahn, to the Friedrichstraße checkpoint between West Berlin and the German Democratic Republic (GDR), where he arrived just before 6 am. Announcing himself to the East German border guards, he waited in a backroom until he was finally picked up by an officer of the East German State Security, the Stasi.1 This man, Odfried Hepp (aka ‘Friedrich’ in the Stasi files), was one of the most wanted right-wing terrorists2 in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the 1980s. What sounds like an extract from a spy novel is only one of the highlights of a story that has all the basic ingredients of a thriller: murders and bank robberies, a young man driven by – however abhorrent – political and idealistic beliefs, Cold War politics, Palestinian ‘freedom fighters’, boot camps in the Middle East, spies, and fake identities. Yet this story, which is at the centre of this article, is not fiction – it is the very real account of the life of Odfried Hepp as well as a glimpse at radicalisation and political extremism as well as right-wing terrorism in West Germany, the dimensions of the German- German Cold War struggle and the GDR’s relationship with terrorism. -
Literaturverzeichnis
Literaturverzeichnis Jürgen Peter Schmied Sebastian Haffner Eine Biographie 683 Seiten, Gebunden ISBN: 978-3-406-60585-7 © Verlag C.H.Beck oHG, München Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis I. Quellen A Ungedruckte Quellen 1. Akten Archiv der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin. Matrikelbuch, Rektorat, 600/116. Jur. Fak., Bd. 309. BBC Written Archive Centre, Reading. RCont 1, Sebastian Haffner File 1. Bundesarchiv. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, R 3001, 71184. Personalakte Raimund Pretzel, ehemals BDC, RKK 2101, Box 0963, File 09. Bundesbehörde für die Unterlagen des Staatssicherheitsdienstes der ehemaligen Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Pressemappe. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF Z I, Bd. 3. ZA, MfS – HA IX/11. AF N-II, Bd. 1, Bd. 2. ZA, MfS – F 16/HVA. ZA, MfS – F 22/HVA. National Archives, Kew. FO 371/24424 FO 371/26554 FO 371/106085 HO 334/219 INF 1/119 KV 2/1129 KV 2/1130 PREM 11/3357 Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes, Berlin. B 8, Bd. 1498. B 11, Bd. 1019. 2 2. Nachlässe NL Konrad Adenauer Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus, Rhöndorf. NL Raymond Aron École des hautes études en sciences sociales, Paris. Centre de recherches politiques Raymond Aron. NL David Astor Privatbesitz. NL Margret Boveri Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Handschriftenabteilung. NL Willy Brandt Archiv der sozialen Demokratie. Friedrich-Ebert- Stiftung, Bonn. NL Eugen Brehm Institut für Zeitgeschichte, München. NL William Clark Bodleian Library, Oxford. Department of Special Col- lections and Western Manuscripts. NL Arthur Creech Jones Rhodes House Library, Oxford. NL Isaac Deutscher International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam. NL Sebastian Haffner Bundesarchiv.