Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing An oxbow lake is formed when a river meanders and eventually takes a shorter course. Cut out the picture and description for each stage of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them in the correct order. Sediment continues to build up The flow of the river water over time and eventually cuts The neck of the meander gets Where the water flow is faster, is stronger on the outside the loop off from the course of narrower over time. land is eroded. of bends and slower on the river. The separated body of the inside. water is called an oxbow lake. Over time, this means the Where the water flow is On flatter land, a river will Eventually, the river cuts meander gets bigger. slower, particles of rock and take twists and turns, which is through the neck of the sand (sediment) are deposited. called meandering. meander and starts a new, shorter course. Page 1 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing Sequence the stages of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them here. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Page 2 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing An oxbow lake is formed when a river meanders and eventually takes a shorter course. Cut out the pictures and descriptions for each stage of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them in the correct order. Eventually, the river cuts Over time, this means the The flow of the river water On flatter land, a river will through the neck of the meander gets bigger. is stronger on the outside take twists and turns, which is of bends and slower on meander and starts a new, called meandering. the inside. shorter course. Sediment continues to build up The neck of the meander gets Where the water flow is Where the water flow is faster, over time and eventually cuts narrower over time. slower, particles of rock and land is eroded. the loop off from the course of sand (sediment) are deposited. the river. The separated body of water is called an oxbow lake. Page 1 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing Sequence the pictures and descriptions for the stages of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them here. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Page 2 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing An oxbow lake is formed when a river meanders and eventually takes a shorter course. Cut out the picture for each stage of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them in the correct order. Then write a sentence explaining what is happening in each picture. Page 1 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing Sequence the pictures for the stages of the formation of an oxbow lake and stick them here. Then write a sentence explaining what is happening in each picture. Page 2 of 2 visit twinkl.com Formation of Oxbow Lakes Sequencing - Answers 1 2 3 4 On flatter land, a river will The flow of the river water Where the water flow is faster, Where the water flow is take twists and turns, which is is stronger on the outside land is eroded. slower, particles of rock and called meandering. of bends and slower on sand (sediment) are deposited. the inside. 5 6 7 8 Sediment continues to build up Eventually, the river cuts Over time, this means the The neck of the meander gets over time and eventually cuts through the neck of the meander gets bigger. narrower over time. the loop off from the course of meander and starts a new, the river. The separated body of shorter course. water is called an oxbow lake. Page 1 of 1 visit twinkl.com.
Recommended publications
  • The Huron River History Book
    THE HURON RIVER Robert Wittersheim Over 15,000 years ago, the Huron River was born as a small stream draining the late Pleistocene landscape. Its original destination was Lake Maumee at present day Ypsilanti where a large delta was formed. As centuries passed, ceding lake levels allowed the Huron to meander over new land eventually settling into its present valley. Its 125 mile journey today begins at Big Lake near Pontiac and ends in Lake Erie. The Huron’s watershed, which includes 367 miles of tributaries, drains over 900 square miles of land. The total drop in elevation from source to mouth is nearly 300 feet. The Huron’s upper third is clear and fast, even supporting a modest trout fishery. The middle third passes through and around many lakes in Livingston and Washtenaw Counties. Eight dams impede much of the Huron’s lower third as it flows through populous areas it helped create. Over 47 miles of this river winds through publicly owned lands, a legacy from visionaries long since passed. White Lake White Lake Mary Johnson The Great Lakes which surround Michigan and the thousands of smaller lakes, hundreds of rivers, streams and ponds were formed as the glacier ice that covered the land nearly 14,000 years ago was melting. The waters filled the depressions in the earth. The glaciers deposited rock, gravel and soil that had been gathered in their movement. This activity sculpted the land creating our landscape. In section 28 of Springfield Township, Oakland County, a body of water names Big Lake by the area pioneers is the source of the Huron River.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesson 4: Sediment Deposition and River Structures
    LESSON 4: SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AND RIVER STRUCTURES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What combination of factors both natural and manmade is necessary for healthy river restoration and how does this enhance the sustainability of natural and human communities? GUIDING QUESTION: As rivers age and slow they deposit sediment and form sediment structures, how are sediments and sediment structures important to the river ecosystem? OVERVIEW: The focus of this lesson is the deposition and erosional effects of slow-moving water in low gradient areas. These “mature rivers” with decreasing gradient result in the settling and deposition of sediments and the formation sediment structures. The river’s fast-flowing zone, the thalweg, causes erosion of the river banks forming cliffs called cut-banks. On slower inside turns, sediment is deposited as point-bars. Where the gradient is particularly level, the river will branch into many separate channels that weave in and out, leaving gravel bar islands. Where two meanders meet, the river will straighten, leaving oxbow lakes in the former meander bends. TIME: One class period MATERIALS: . Lesson 4- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pptx . Lesson 4a- Sediment Deposition and River Structures.pdf . StreamTable.pptx . StreamTable.pdf . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pptx . Mass Wasting and Flash Floods.pdf . Stream Table . Sand . Reflection Journal Pages (printable handout) . Vocabulary Notes (printable handout) PROCEDURE: 1. Review Essential Question and introduce Guiding Question. 2. Hand out first Reflection Journal page and have students take a minute to consider and respond to the questions then discuss responses and questions generated. 3. Handout and go over the Vocabulary Notes. Students will define the vocabulary words as they watch the PowerPoint Lesson.
    [Show full text]
  • Geomorphic Classification of Rivers
    9.36 Geomorphic Classification of Rivers JM Buffington, U.S. Forest Service, Boise, ID, USA DR Montgomery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA Published by Elsevier Inc. 9.36.1 Introduction 730 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification 730 9.36.3 Types of Channel Classification 731 9.36.3.1 Stream Order 731 9.36.3.2 Process Domains 732 9.36.3.3 Channel Pattern 732 9.36.3.4 Channel–Floodplain Interactions 735 9.36.3.5 Bed Material and Mobility 737 9.36.3.6 Channel Units 739 9.36.3.7 Hierarchical Classifications 739 9.36.3.8 Statistical Classifications 745 9.36.4 Use and Compatibility of Channel Classifications 745 9.36.5 The Rise and Fall of Classifications: Why Are Some Channel Classifications More Used Than Others? 747 9.36.6 Future Needs and Directions 753 9.36.6.1 Standardization and Sample Size 753 9.36.6.2 Remote Sensing 754 9.36.7 Conclusion 755 Acknowledgements 756 References 756 Appendix 762 9.36.1 Introduction 9.36.2 Purpose of Classification Over the last several decades, environmental legislation and a A basic tenet in geomorphology is that ‘form implies process.’As growing awareness of historical human disturbance to rivers such, numerous geomorphic classifications have been de- worldwide (Schumm, 1977; Collins et al., 2003; Surian and veloped for landscapes (Davis, 1899), hillslopes (Varnes, 1958), Rinaldi, 2003; Nilsson et al., 2005; Chin, 2006; Walter and and rivers (Section 9.36.3). The form–process paradigm is a Merritts, 2008) have fostered unprecedented collaboration potentially powerful tool for conducting quantitative geo- among scientists, land managers, and stakeholders to better morphic investigations.
    [Show full text]
  • Oxbow Lakes White Paper
    Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Legal Program University of Mississippi School of Law Kinard Hall, Wing E – Room 256 University, MS 38677 (662) 915-7775 [email protected] PUBLIC RIGHTS ON MISSISSIPPI PUBLIC WATERS A White Paper Prepared by Josh Clemons, J.D. Independent Consultant and Former Research Counsel April 2011 This white paper was commissioned by the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. The following information is intended as independent research only and does not constitute legal representation of MDWFP or any of its constituents by the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Legal Program. It represents our interpretation of the relevant laws. This product was prepared by the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Legal Program under award number NA06OAR4170078 from the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U.S. Department of Commerce. MASGP 11-008-13 The Mississippi Code declares, in sweeping language, that the policy of the State of Mississippi is to allow its citizens to enjoy the bounty of her woods and waters: Hunting, trapping and fishing are vital parts of the heritage of the State of Mississippi. It shall be the public policy of the State of Mississippi to protect and preserve these activities. The Mississippi Commission on Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks, acting by and through the Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks, may regulate hunting, trapping and fishing activities in the State of Mississippi, consistent with its powers and duties under the law.
    [Show full text]
  • Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development
    Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development River Characteristics - Sediment Transport - River Velocity - Terminology The illustrations below represent the 3 general classifications into which rivers are placed according to specific characteristics. These categories are: Youthful, Mature and Old Age. A Rejuvenated River, one with a gradient that is raised by the earth's movement, can be an old age river that returns to a Youthful State, and which repeats the cycle of stages once again. A brief overview of each stage of river development begins after the images. A list of pertinent vocabulary appears at the bottom of this document. You may wish to consult it so that you will be aware of terminology used in the descriptive text that follows. Characteristics found in the 3 Stages of River Development: L. Immoor 2006 Geoteach.com 1 Youthful River: Perhaps the most dynamic of all rivers is a Youthful River. Rafters seeking an exciting ride will surely gravitate towards a young river for their recreational thrills. Characteristically youthful rivers are found at higher elevations, in mountainous areas, where the slope of the land is steeper. Water that flows over such a landscape will flow very fast. Youthful rivers can be a tributary of a larger and older river, hundreds of miles away and, in fact, they may be close to the headwaters (the beginning) of that larger river. Upon observation of a Youthful River, here is what one might see: 1. The river flowing down a steep gradient (slope). 2. The channel is deeper than it is wide and V-shaped due to downcutting rather than lateral (side-to-side) erosion.
    [Show full text]
  • Belt Width Delineation Procedures
    Belt Width Delineation Procedures Report to: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, Ontario M3N 1S4 Attention: Mr. Ryan Ness Report No: 98-023 – Final Report Date: Sept 27, 2001 (Revised January 30, 2004) Submitted by: Belt Width Delineation Protocol Final Report Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Organization .......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND CONTEXT FOR BELT WIDTH MEASUREMENTS …………………………………………………………………...3 2.1 Inroduction............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Planform ................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Meander Geometry................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Meander Belt versus Meander Amplitude............................................................. 7 2.5 Adjustments of Meander Form and the Meander Belt Width ............................... 8 2.6 Meander Belt in a Reach Perspective.................................................................. 12 3.0 THE MEANDER BELT AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING PURPOSES...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Modification of Meander Migration by Bank Failures
    JournalofGeophysicalResearch: EarthSurface RESEARCH ARTICLE Modification of meander migration by bank failures 10.1002/2013JF002952 D. Motta1, E. J. Langendoen2,J.D.Abad3, and M. H. García1 Key Points: 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA, • Cantilever failure impacts migration 2National Sedimentation Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Oxford, Mississippi, through horizontal/vertical floodplain 3 material heterogeneity USA, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA • Planar failure in low-cohesion floodplain materials can affect meander evolution Abstract Meander migration and planform evolution depend on the resistance to erosion of the • Stratigraphy of the floodplain floodplain materials. To date, research to quantify meandering river adjustment has largely focused on materials can significantly affect meander evolution resistance to erosion properties that vary horizontally. This paper evaluates the combined effect of horizontal and vertical floodplain material heterogeneity on meander migration by simulating fluvial Correspondence to: erosion and cantilever and planar bank mass failure processes responsible for bank retreat. The impact of D. Motta, stream bank failures on meander migration is conceptualized in our RVR Meander model through a bank [email protected] armoring factor associated with the dynamics of slump blocks produced by cantilever and planar failures. Simulation periods smaller than the time to cutoff are considered, such that all planform complexity is Citation: caused by bank erosion processes and floodplain heterogeneity and not by cutoff dynamics. Cantilever Motta, D., E. J. Langendoen, J. D. Abad, failure continuously affects meander migration, because it is primarily controlled by the fluvial erosion at and M.
    [Show full text]
  • Meander Bend Migration Near River Mile 178 of the Sacramento River
    Meander Bend Migration Near River Mile 178 of the Sacramento River MEANDER BEND MIGRATION NEAR RIVER MILE 178 OF THE SACRAMENTO RIVER Eric W. Larsen University of California, Davis With the assistance of Evan Girvetz, Alexander Fremier, and Alex Young REPORT FOR RIVER PARTNERS December 9, 2004 - 1 - Meander Bend Migration Near River Mile 178 of the Sacramento River Executive summary Historic maps from 1904 to 1997 show that the Sacramento River near the PCGID-PID pumping plant (RM 178) has experienced typical downstream patterns of meander bend migration during that time period. As the river meander bends continue to move downstream, the near-bank flow of water, and eventually the river itself, is tending to move away from the pump location. A numerical model of meander bend migration and bend cut-off, based on the physics of fluid flow and sediment transport, was used to simulate five future migration scenarios. The first scenario, simulating 50 years of future migration with the current conditions of bank restraint, showed that the river bend near the pump site will tend to move downstream and pull away from the pump location. In another 50-year future migration scenario that modeled extending the riprap immediately upstream of the pump site (on the opposite bank), the river maintained contact with the pump site. In all other future migration scenarios modeled, the river migrated downstream from the pump site. Simulations that included removing upstream bank constraints suggest that removing bank constraints allows the upstream bend to experience cutoff in a short period of time. Simulations show the pattern of channel migration after cutoff occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • TRCA Meander Belt Width
    Belt Width Delineation Procedures Report to: Toronto and Region Conservation Authority 5 Shoreham Drive, Downsview, Ontario M3N 1S4 Attention: Mr. Ryan Ness Report No: 98-023 – Final Report Date: Sept 27, 2001 (Revised January 30, 2004) Submitted by: Belt Width Delineation Protocol Final Report Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Organization .......................................................................................................... 2 2.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND CONTEXT FOR BELT WIDTH MEASUREMENTS …………………………………………………………………...3 2.1 Inroduction............................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Planform ................................................................................................................ 4 2.3 Meander Geometry................................................................................................ 5 2.4 Meander Belt versus Meander Amplitude............................................................. 7 2.5 Adjustments of Meander Form and the Meander Belt Width ............................... 8 2.6 Meander Belt in a Reach Perspective.................................................................. 12 3.0 THE MEANDER BELT AS A TOOL FOR PLANNING PURPOSES...............................
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Restoration Report
    Lake Restoration Program 2020 Report and 2021 Plan A cooperative dredging project between DNR and the City of Council Bluffs removed over 500,000 CY of sand from Lake Manawa (Monona County), providing materials for a local levee-building project and improving water quality within the lake. Watershed ponds, constructed at West Lake Park in Scott County, will protect the four lakes in the Lake of the Hills Complex for many years. Mariposa Lake (Jasper County) following restoration, completed in 2020. The project included building two new ponds in the park to protect the lake, dredging, shoreline stabilization, and fish habitat. Submitted To Joint Appropriations Subcommittee on Transportation, Infrastructure, and Capitals and Legislative Services Agency 1 Executive Summary The Fiscal Year 2020 Iowa Lake Restoration Report and Fiscal Year 2021 Plan provides a status of past appropriated legislatively directed funding; outlines the future needs and demands for lake restoration in Iowa; and identifies a prioritized group of lakes and the associated costs for restoration. Iowans value water quality and desire safe healthy lakes that provide a full complement of aesthetic, ecological and recreational benefits. A recently completed water-based recreational use survey by Iowa State University found that six of 10 Iowans visit our lakes multiple times each year and spend $1.2 billion annually in their pursuit of outdoor lake recreation. The most popular activities are fishing, picnicking, wildlife viewing, boating, hiking/biking, swimming and beach use. In addition, visitations at lakes that have completed watershed and lake improvements efforts continue to exceed the state average and their own pre-restoration visitation levels.
    [Show full text]
  • EES - Streams ____1
    Name: __________________________ Date: _______ Pd. _______ EES - Streams ____1. Stream A has a steeper slope than ____4. In the two diagrams below, the length of stream B. However, the average water the arrows represents the relative velocities velocity of stream B is greater than that of of stream flow at various places in a stream. stream A. Which is the most reasonable Diagram I shows the different water explanation for this? velocities across the surface. Diagram II (1) Stream B has a higher average shows the different water velocities at temperature. various depths. (2) Stream B has more friction to overcome along its banks. (3) Stream B has a greater volume of water. (4) Stream B has a curved streambed. ____2. The diagram below represents a cross section of sedimentary deposits. Where would this type of deposition most likely occur? At which location in the stream is the water velocity greatest? (1) at the sides along the bottom (2) at the sides near the surface (3) at the center along the bottom (4) at the center near the surface ____5. The map below represents a view of a flowing stream. The letters identify locations (1) in a lake fed by a stream in the stream near the interface between (2) beneath a large glacier land and water. At which two locations is (3) at the rapids in a stream erosion due to flowing water likely to be (4) at the base of a shifting sand dune greatest? ____3. Stream velocity and stream discharge were recorded continuously at the same location in a stream channel.
    [Show full text]
  • Approaches to the Enumerative Theory of Meanders
    Approaches to the Enumerative Theory of Meanders Michael La Croix September 29, 2003 Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 De¯nitions . 2 1.2 Enumerative Strategies . 7 2 Elementary Approaches 9 2.1 Relating Open and Closed Meanders . 9 2.2 Using Arch Con¯gurations . 10 2.2.1 Embedding Semi-Meanders in Closed Meanders . 12 2.2.2 Embedding Closed Meanders in Semi-Meanders . 14 2.2.3 Bounding Meandric Numbers . 15 2.3 Filtering Meanders From Meandric Systems . 21 2.4 Automorphisms of Meanders . 24 2.4.1 Rigid Transformations . 25 2.4.2 Cyclic Shifts . 27 2.5 Enumeration by Tree Traversal . 30 2.5.1 A Tree of Semi-Meanders . 31 2.5.2 A Tree of Meanders . 32 3 The Symmetric Group 34 3.1 Representing Meanders As Permutations . 34 3.1.1 Automorphisms of Meandric Permutations . 36 3.2 Arch Con¯gurations as Permutations . 37 3.2.1 Elements of n That Are Arch Con¯gurations . 38 C(2 ) 3.2.2 Completing the Characterization . 39 3.3 Expression in Terms of Characters . 42 4 The Matrix Model 45 4.1 Meanders as Ribbon Graphs . 45 4.2 Gaussian Measures . 49 i 4.3 Recovering Meanders . 53 4.4 Another Matrix Model . 54 5 The Temperley-Lieb Algebra 56 5.1 Strand Diagrams . 56 5.2 The Temperley-Lieb Algebra . 57 6 Combinatorial Words 69 6.1 The Encoding . 69 6.2 Irreducible Meandric Systems . 73 6.3 Production Rules For Meanders . 74 A Tables of Numbers 76 Bibliography 79 ii List of Figures 1.1 An open meander represented as a river and a road.
    [Show full text]