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NUEVA SOCIEDAD 288 Animales Y Animalismos www.nuso.org 288 NUEVA SOCIEDAD 288 | Julio-Agosto 2020 Animales y animalismos NUEVA SOCIEDAD NUEVA NUEVA SOCIEDAD | 288 288 Animales y animalismos COYUNTURA Fernando Molina Bolivia: elecciones y reconfiguraciones políticas TRIBUNA GLOBAL Steven Forti Los rojipardos: ¿mito o realidad? Animales y animalismos TEMA CENTRAL Bernd Ladwig Sistema de cerdos. Un llamamiento a la alimentación sin carnes Anahí Méndez América Latina: movimiento animalista y luchas contra el especismo Alejandro Galliano Animalismo e inteligencia artificial. ¿Dónde quedamos los humanos? Angélica Velasco Sesma Ética animal y feminismo: hacia una cultura de paz Marta Tafalla ¿Hacia una ciudadanía animal? Zoopolis, de Sue Donaldson y Will Kymlicka François Moutou Las zoonosis, entre humanos y animales María Carman Los movimientos contra la tracción a sangre Jérôme Michalon Causa animal y ciencias sociales. ¿Del antropocentrismo al zoocentrismo? Rowan Jacobsen ¿Terminaremos comiendo hamburguesas de «carne alternativa»? ENSAYO Martín Bergel América Latina y las crisis civilizatorias: Ingenieros, Mariátegui, Vasconcelos NUEVA SOCIEDAD es una revista latinoamericana abierta a las corrientes de pensamiento progresista, que aboga por el desarrollo de MARZO-ABRIL 2020 286 287 MAYO-JUNIO 2020 la democracia política, económica y social. Se publica cada dos meses en Buenos Aires, Argentina, LA GLOBALIZACIÓN y circula en toda América Latina. AMÉRICA LATINA EN EL MUNDO DE LA PROTESTA DEL CORONAVIRUS Directora: Svenja Blanke COYUNTURA COYUNTURA Jefe de redacción: Pablo Stefanoni Gemma Ubasart-González / Sandra Borda G. Colombia y la crisis Coordinadora de producción: Silvina Cucchi España: ¿un venezolana: una estrategia fallida Plataforma digital: Mariano Schuster, Eugenia Corriés Salvador Martí i Puig. nuevo ciclo político? Roy Hora. ¿Qué es y qué quiere el Administración: Vanesa Knoop, Karin Ohmann Samuele Mazzolini. Italia: una coyuntura campo argentino? particular TRIBUNA GLOBAL NUEVA SOCIEDAD No 288 TRIBUNA GLOBAL Martín Baña. «El de Putin es en esencia Diseño original de portada: Horacio Wainhaus Cómo la extrema un proyecto conservador». Entrevista Diagramación: Fabiana Di Matteo Juan Ruocco. derecha se apoderó de 4chan a Ilyá Budraitskis Ilustraciones: Ana Lignelli Corrección: Germán Conde, Vera Giaconi TEMA CENTRAL TEMA CENTRAL Traducción al inglés de los sumarios: Kristie Robinson Didier Billion / Christophe Ventura. Mónica Hirst / Bernabé Malacalza. ¿Por qué protesta tanta gente a la vez? ¿Podrá reinventarse el multilateralismo? Impreso en Talleres Gráficos Nuevo Offset, Desigualdad y descontento El orden internacional y el coronavirus Viel 1444, Buenos Aires, Argentina Nora Lustig. social en América Latina Pablo Stefanoni. Brasil: pandemia, Olivier Fillieule / Danielle Tartakowsky. guerra cultural y precariedad. Entrevista La manifestación: el origen de a Lena Lavinas Los artículos que integran NUEVA SOCIEDAD son de exclusiva una forma de protesta Argentina, el virus y responsabilidad de sus autores y no reflejan necesariamente José Natanson. Chile o el vértigo el presidente el pensamiento de la Revista. Se permite, previa autorización, Carolina Tohá. del futuro La política chilena la reproducción de los ensayos y de las ilustraciones, a condición Rossana Castiglioni. El tsunami feminista en tiempos de pandemia. Entre la de que se mencione la fuente y se haga llegar una copia a la redacción. Nuria Varela. Maristella Svampa. ¿Hacia dónde van (des)movilización social y la crisis sanitaria los movimientos por la justicia climática? Humberto Beck / Carlos Bravo Joan Martínez Alier. Una experiencia Regidor / Patrick Iber. El primer año NUEVA SOCIEDAD – ISSN 0251-3552 de cartografía colaborativa. El Atlas del México de AMLO Oficinas: Humberto Primo 531, C1103ACK Buenos Ai res, Ar gen ti na. de Justicia Ambiental ¿Qué significa el Tel/Fax: (54-11) 3708-1330 Rosario Queirolo. Ezequiel Kopel. ¿El tercer capítulo de la «giro a la derecha» uruguayo? Correo electrónico: <[email protected]> Primavera Árabe? María Pilar García-Guadilla. <[email protected]> (distribución y ventas) Rémi Lefebvre. Los «chalecos amarillos» Venezuela 2020: autoritarismo político y la representación política y pragmatismo económico Marc Saint-Upéry. Colombia: despertar Daniel Vásquez. Honduras en ciudadano y dilemas políticos después del el abismo. «21-N». Entrevista a Álvaro Jiménez Millán Kim Kelly. El poder de las huelgas clásicas ENSAYO Ricardo Dudda. La Gran Reclusión SUMMARIES y el futuro del capitalismo. <www.nuso.org> SUMMARIES El portal NUEVA SOCIEDAD es una plataforma de reflexión sobre América Latina. Articula un debate pluralista y democrático sobre política y políticas latinoamericanas. EN NUESTRO PRÓXIMO NÚMERO es un proyecto de la Fronteras latinoamericanas. SEPTIEMBRE-OCTUBRE 2020 289 Más allá de los límites NUEVA SOCIEDAD 288 Julio-Agosto 2020 Índice COYUNTURA 4613 Fernando Molina. ¿A dónde conducirá la crisis boliviana? Elecciones y reconfiguraciones políticas .................................................... 4 TRIBUNA GLOBAL 4614 Steven Forti. Los rojipardos: ¿mito o realidad? .................................... 15 TEMA CENTRAL 4615 Bernd Ladwig. Sistema de cerdos. Un llamamiento a la alimentación sin carnes ................................................................... 29 4616 Anahí Méndez. América Latina: movimiento animalista y luchas contra el especismo ................................................................... 45 4617 Alejandro Galliano. Animalismo e inteligencia artificial. ¿Dónde quedamos los humanos? ............................................................ 58 4618 Angélica Velasco Sesma. Ética animal y feminismo: hacia una cultura de paz ......................................................................... 69 4619 Marta Tafalla. ¿Hacia una ciudadanía animal? Sobre Zoopolis, de Sue Donaldson y Will Kymlicka ............................... 81 4620 François Moutou. Las zoonosis, entre humanos y animales .................. 90 4621 María Carman. Tensiones entre vidas animales y humanas. Los movimientos contra la tracción a sangre ........................................ 102 4622 Jérôme Michalon. Causa animal y ciencias sociales. ¿Del antropocentrismo al zoocentrismo? .............................................. 116 4623 Rowan Jacobsen. ¿Terminaremos comiendo hamburguesas de «carne alternativa»? .......................................................................... 127 ENSAYO 4624 Martín Bergel. El pensamiento latinoamericano frente a las crisis civilizatorias. Ingenieros, Vasconcelos, Mariátegui ................................ 135 SUMMARIES Segunda página Desde hace ya tiempo, los movimientos animalistas vienen interviniendo en la conversación pública sobre clima, alimentación y emancipación, así como en los debates académicos. Son también cada vez más visibles en las protestas sociales en diversos países. Muchos jóvenes emprenden su propio «nacer de nuevo» y se vuelven vegetarianos o veganos para evitar la muerte y el sufrimiento animal. Y, de manera más amplia, encontramos una transposición de la idea de que «un pueblo que oprime a otro no puede ser libre» a «una especie que oprime a otra…». Algunos aspectos de los vínculos entre seres humanos y animales ad- quirieron nuevos significados y urgencias con la pandemia de covid-19. Por eso, el Tema Central de este número de NUEVA SOCIEDAD está dedicado a ani- males y animalismos. ¿Cómo (re)pensar los vínculos entre seres humanos y animales? ¿Qué nos dicen los múltiples movimientos y activismos en defensa de los animales? ¿Cómo se alteran nuestras cosmovisiones en un mundo en el que los humanos se animalizan y los animales se humanizan? Bern Ladwig nos introduce de lleno en un «sistema de cerdos» que es, bási- camente, el mecanismo que garantiza a diario nuestra alimentación carnívora. La tesis central del autor es que las leyes de bienestar animal de los últimos años son insuficientes y que la única forma de acabar verdaderamente con la crueldad ha- cia los animales es dejar de comer carnes y otros derivados (huevos, leche). Una solución radical. Pero ¿cómo surgieron, se organizan y operan los movimientos animalistas? ¿Qué reivindicaciones levantan? Anahí Méndez se enfoca en los mo- vimientos animalistas latinoamericanos y sus redes con los de otros continentes y da cuenta de cómo problematizan el «especismo». Entre la lucha por el bienestar animal y el combate por su liberación hay una amplia gama de organizaciones y tonalidades ideológicas, alimentadas por el desarrollo de las redes sociales, que permiten nuevos tipos de vínculos transnacionales. El animalismo tiene como contracara la inteligencia artificial. Como explica Ale- jandro Galliano, esos dos polos vienen poniendo en cuestión el universo antro- pocéntrico: los animales y los algoritmos fueron cambiando su estatus; mientras tanto, el lugar de lo humano se torna más problemático. Hoy no tenemos una naturaleza a la cual volver y el mundo se convirtió en un artificio humano cada vez más extraño a los propios seres humanos. En los últimos años emergieron nuevas perspectivas para pensar la cues- tión animal. Una de ellas aborda los derechos de los animales. El libro Zoo- polis, de Sue Donaldson y Will Kymlicka, aporta un enfoque y una propuesta audaces para trasladar la cuestión de los animales de la ética a la política. SEGUNDA PÁGINA 3 La idea fundamental del libro, reseñado por Marta Tafalla, es que es necesa- rio repensar los derechos de los animales en términos de ciudadanía; mejor aún, desde las diferentes formas de ciudadanía
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