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黄惠沖資深大律師專訪 Interview with Wesley Wong SC

沈仲平博士專訪 Interview with Dr Alain Sham 黃惠沖資深大律師專訪 Interview with Wesley Wong SC

2015 年 9 月 3 日，黃惠沖資深大律師出任法律政策專員，掌管法律政策科。他是首批由 本司培訓的見習律政人員，在 1994 年 8 月 2 日成為檢察官時被選派至刑事檢控科工作， 其後他也在司內其他科別服務。黃先生在 2011 年出任副刑事檢控專員，並由 2012 年 8 月 2 日起擔任刑事檢控專員辦公室人事主管，此時距離他首次加入刑事檢控科剛好 18 年。 這位律政專員談及過往的工作和經驗如何造就他，讓他有今日的信心履行現時範圍如此廣 泛的職責。 Mr Wesley Wong Wai-chung SC assumed the post of General on 3 September 2015 to head the Legal Policy Division. From the Department’s first crop of home-grown Legal Trainees, he was first posted to the Prosecutions Division on 2 August 1994, and thereafter served elsewhere in the Department. He had been a Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions since 2011 and started discharging the role of Chief of Staff of the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions from 2 August 2012, exactly 18 years after he first joined the Division. The Solicitor General talks about how his previous work and experience has benefited and allowed him to discharge his present role with such a broad span of responsibility with the confidence which he otherwise would not be able to command.

由見習律政人員 ( 大律師 ) 到法律政策專員， From Legal Trainee () to Solicitor General, Mr Wesley Wong SC’s 黃先生過去 22 年經歷的升遷之路，都甚具啓 acceleration through the ranks in the past 22 years is nothing short of 發意義。他曾三度 (1994 至 1996 年、1998 至 inspiring. Having had three spells (1994 to 1996, 1998 to 1999 and 1999 年和 2010 至 2015 年 ) 在本科工作。本司 2010 to 2015) in the Division, he is the only other former prosecutor 歷來曾任職檢控官而獲委任為法律政策專員者， (apart from the Honourable Mr Justice Stock GBS1 and retired 除了司徒敬法官 1 和高等法院榮休法官杜輝 2 外， Mr Justice Duffy2) in this Department’s history to be appointed 就只有黃先生一人了。 Solicitor General.

黃先生說：“我覺得非常幸運，並因能夠與刑 “I feel very lucky and, indeed, proud to be associated with the 事檢控科結緣而感到自豪。法治是香港賴以成 Prosecutions Division in this way. In playing my current role as Solicitor 為國際金融中心的基石。我當上法律政策專員， General in the maintenance and promotion of the rule of law which 定當有責任維護並推廣法治。與刑事檢控科的 is the bedrock of ’s success as an international financial 聯繫好讓我掌握到第一手資訊，告訴海內外社 centre, I can tell both the local and international communities, with 會，香港確實是一片福地：在我們的法律制度 firsthand knowledge, how blessed Hong Kong is with a first-class 下，香港享有司法獨立，質素之高享譽國際； prosecution service which is as independent as it is impartial when its 而受《基本法》第六十三條保障的獨立檢控權， counsel discharge their role as ministers of justice,” Mr Wong said.

正正能讓這支提供卓越檢控服務的專業團隊作 “And, this happens when prosecutorial independence is entrenched Prosecutions Hong Kong 2015 為秉行公義的檢控人員在履行職責時，能保持 under article 63 of the Basic Law in a legal system where the quality and 獨立公正無私。” independence of the judiciary is well recognised internationally.”

才華初展 The Young Lawyer

這位年輕的法律系畢業生，早在本地一所教會 Nature appeared to be taking its course when the young law graduate, 學校求學時已酷愛辯論活動，畢業後自然希望 who had developed a keen interest in debating since his days at a local 香港刑事

1 現時為終審法院非常任法官。他在 1987 年 9 月 16 日至 1992 年 5 月 20 日期間出任律政專員。 檢控 Currently Non-Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal. He was Solicitor General from 16 September 1987 to 20 May 1992. 2 他在 1986 年 10 月 27 日至 1987 年 9 月 15 日期間出任律政專員。 He was Solicitor General from 27 October 1986 to 15 September 1987. 75 成為訟辯律師，在法庭上一展所長。適逢在 missionary school, wanted to pursue a career as an advocate before the 1993 年當時的律政署推出見習律政人員計劃。 courts. As it happened, the then Legal Department was launching its 這項計劃對這位欲展抱負、服務社群的青年來 Legal Trainee Scheme in 1993. The prospect of serving salaried pupillage 說，能夠受薪見習 ( 當時大律師公會獎學金或類 (before the times when the Bar scholarship or the like was available) was 似的計劃仍未設立 )，當然是不二之選。 the obvious choice for the aspiring lawyer, especially when it married his desire to serve the public.

1993 在香港取得大律師資格 參與當時律政署的見習律政人員計劃，當見習大律師 Called to the Hong Kong Bar Served pupillage under the Legal Trainee Scheme (at the then Legal Department) 1994 獲委任為檢察官 Appointed Crown Counsel 1995 晉升為高級檢察官 Promoted to Senior Crown Counsel 2004 晉升為副首席政府律師 Promoted to Deputy Principal Government Counsel 2011 晉升為首席政府律師 Promoted to Principal Government Counsel 2012 出任副刑事檢控專員期間同時擔任人事主管 Served also as Chief of Staff in his capacity as Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions 2013 獲委任為資深大律師 Appointed 2015 出任法律政策專員 Assumed position of Solicitor General

這位年輕檢察官，在完成為期一年的實習後第 Within the second month after completion of his year-long 二個月即須在杜輝法官席前處理人生首宗裁判 apprenticeship, the young Crown Counsel was catapulted to conduct 法院上訴案。杜輝法官在退休時承認，在他席 his first magistracy appeal before Mr Justice Duffy. Having survived 前應訊，較深入虎穴還凶險 ( 因為“至少老虎 appearing before a judge who upon retirement confessed that it would 只在饑餓時才撲食！”)。黃先生得以“虎口餘 be worse appearing before his lordship than going into the lion’s den 生”，並在 24 歲時首次負責在陪審團前提控。 (because “at least the lion was not always hungry”), Mr Wong went on 1995 年 12 月，即黃先生在出任檢察官僅一年 to conduct his first jury trial at the age of 24. In December 1995 - only 零四個月，便獲擢升為高級檢察官。他憶述當 a year and four months as Crown Counsel - Mr Wong was promoted to 時的心情：“我晉升為｀高級檢察官´，實在 Senior Crown Counsel. “I was actually quite surprised to be promoted 出乎意料之外，因當時我最多還只是期望能在 to Senior Crown Counsel, as at the time, I was still expecting to be 1997 年以後才晉升為一名當時職銜尚未敲定的 promoted after 1997 to ‘Senior something else’,” Mr Wong recalls. The ｀高級政府律師´。” 接下來的，正如大家所說， rest, as they say, is history. 就是人所皆知的事了。 Connecting the Dots 點滴相連 “You can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them “你無法預見人生的點點滴滴如何串聯起來， looking backward. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow 只有在回顧過去時，才能看到點滴之間互有關 connect in your future. You have to trust in something – your gut, 連。因此你要相信，這些點滴會在你未來的日 destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down and 子裡以某種方式連繫起來。你得信任一些東西， it has made all the difference in my life.”3

3 The late Mr Jobs was referring to time where after he dropped out of Reed College, he sat in on a calligraphy class on campus where he learned about Feature Articles Feature serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations. “None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But 10 years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me… If I had never dropped in on

特稿 that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts.” . 76 (See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D1R-jKKp3NA) 黄先生 2014 年參加哈佛大學甘迺迪學院高級行政人員進修課程時的研習小組 Wesley’s study group when attending the Senior Executive Fellows programme at Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University in 2014

直覺也好、命運命數也好、因果什麼也好。這 Mr Wong came across this part of the late Steve Jobs’ commencement 信念從沒讓我失望，我的人生也大有不同。”3 address in 2005 at Stanford University only after the information technology guru’s death six years later. The message, however, 上文節錄自已故資訊科技教主喬布斯 2005 年於 resonated with him as the Solicitor General has never shied away from 史丹福大學畢業禮上的演講。當喬布斯六年後 hard work, always holding the firm belief that challenges – an enriching 去世時，黃先生才偶然接觸到該文，並且對內 process – should be met full on. “When I was in secondary school, my 容產生共鳴。他從不逃避困難，一直篤信應勇 father had told me this: ‘Whatever you learn cannot be taken away by 於迎接挑戰，從中充實自己。“念中學時家父 others. Even though at school you might not have a choice over what is 曾這樣訓勉我：｀自己學到的東西誰也無法奪 taught, the knowledge acquired is still yours’.” Since those early years, 走，即使在學校選科時未必能隨心所欲，但所 Mr Wong had embraced every task thrown his way wholeheartedly, be 得的知識依然是屬於你的。´”黃先生自早年 it in his studies or at work. “My bosses were not paid to entertain my 起，不論在學業還是工作上，都全心全意把每 personal interests. Rising to the occasion each time when I was called 個事項做好。“我的上司無責任迎合我的個人 upon actually paved the way for what was to come.” 興趣。每次獲指派任務我都全力以赴，實在亦 為將來打好基礎。” The Solicitor General explained how his path to Law Officer turned out to be an example of “connecting the dots” over time. When he 黃先生解釋在他人生中，從喬布斯眼中的“點 took on the appeal against conviction and sentence as leading counsel 點滴滴”來看，如何鋪陳出他晉升為律政專員 for the respondent in HKSAR v Mui Kwok-keung CACC 133/2013, 之途。他在香港特別行政區 訴 梅國強 ( 刑事上 the first champerty case brought against a practising barrister whose 訴 2013 年第 133 號 ) 案中作為答辯人的領訟大 convictions were upheld4, it became apparent to the Senior Counsel 律師，負責處理針對定罪和刑罰提出的上訴。 what the experience he gained whilst at the Civil Division meant to 該案是首宗指控執業大律師的包攬訴訟案，當 him. “I started off as a prosecutor before being tasked to serve the last 4 中法庭維持原判 。黃先生處理該案時，深明他 Attorney General and the first Secretary for Justice in their private office, Prosecutions Hong Kong 2015 在民事法律科所取得的經驗，對他的工作有重 which allowed me some exposure to the work of policy formulation 大意義。“我是檢控人員出身，其後調派往最 and law-making. Then I went to the Civil Litigation Unit in 1999, after a 後一任律政司及首任律政司司長的私人辦公室 12-month spell back at the Prosecutions Division as the second-in-charge 工作，這項安排讓我接觸到制定政策及立法的 of the section which handled, inter alia, constitutional and human rights 工作。其後我重返刑事檢控科 12 個月，在該科 cases, for some judicial review work because my passion was in public 專責處理有關憲法和人權法等案件的組別當副 law.” As it turned out, his work portfolio eventually widened to include 香港刑事檢控 3 已故喬布斯先生所指的是，他從里德學院 (Reed College) 退學後，曾在校園的書法課旁聽，得知有襯線 (serif) 及無襯線 (sans serif) 字體，以及 可更改不同字母組合的間距。“我沒想過這些東西會對我的生活有任何實際用途。但是十年後，當我們設計首台麥金塔 (Macintosh) 電腦時， 我記起了這一切……如我從未在學院旁聽那一堂課，蘋果電腦就不會有各式各樣的字體或比例間距字型了。”( 見 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=D1R-jKKp3NA) 4 被告向終審法院申請上訴許可，但申請在 2014 年 10 月 22 日遭拒絕。 The defendant’s application for leave to appeal to the Court of Final Appeal was refused on 22 October 2014. 77 主管。在 1999 年，因為我熱愛公法的工作，所 disciplinary actions, personal injuries, employees’ compensation and 以我調往民事訴訟組，處理司法覆核案件。” costs. “The champerty case drew together all I knew in those areas.” 結果，他的職責範圍最終擴闊至包括紀律處分、 人身傷害、僱員補償及訟費。“在處理該宗包 During the course of his posting to the Civil Division, Mr Wong acted 攬訴訟案中，我得運用我在那些範疇中學到的 as counsel to the tribunal inquiring into acts of insider dealing before 所有知識。” market misconduct was criminalised. It was in that context that he had to spend many late evenings industriously studying books of accounts 黃先生調任民事法律科期間，市場失當行為還 and drawing up fund-flow charts, skills which he put into good use upon 未刑事化，但他為內幕交易審裁處的研訊擔當 his return to the Prosecutions Division in 2010, after 11 years doing civil 提控官的角色。為此，他多晚深宵細閱帳簿和 work. It was also probably for this reason that Mr Wong was later put 繪製資金流向圖表，這些技能在他 2010 年離開 in charge of the Commercial Crime Unit upon his promotion in 2011 to 工作了 11 年的民事範疇回歸刑事檢控科時，也 Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, when he was to spend even more 大派用場。也許正因如此，黃先生後來在 2011 time doing the same on cases involving listed securities, false accounting, 年晉升為副刑事檢控專員時，獲委掌管商業罪 corruption and money laundering. 案分科，其間他不愁沒有在處理大量涉及上市 證券、偽造帳目、貪污和洗錢的案件時一展所 Whilst access to justice was dear to his heart when Mr Wong, as Senior 長的機會。 Assistant Law Officer (Civil Law), was promoting Hong Kong’s Civil Justice Reform which was finally implemented in 2009, his current 黃先生認為尋求司法公正十分重要。在擔任高 role as Solicitor General requires him to take forward the Law Reform 級助理民事法律專員期間，他有份參與推動香 Commission’s latest report recommending reforms on third party 港民事司法制度改革，該項改革終在 2009 年開 funding for arbitration. Mr Wong now sees his years of experience 始實施。他現時作為法律政策專員，則負責落 garnered in different divisions and different roles within the Department 實法律改革委員會近日就第三方資助仲裁所發 culminating in the wide ranging knowledge he has in many facets of the 表的最新報告書中的建議。黃先生認為，他多 law which he now has to master in enhancing Hong Kong’s status as an 年來在司內不同科別不同崗位累積豐富經驗， international legal and dispute resolution centre. 令他對不少範疇的法律都有所涉獵，若能充份 掌握和應用這些知識，實有助他履行提升香港 Follow Your Passion 作為國際法律和解決爭議服務中心的職責。 “Yes, your interest is important. By all means, let your heart rule your 隨心而行 head.” The Solicitor General recalls his time as an undergraduate at law school when the Basic Law course was offered by the University of Hong “我們大可依自己的喜好，隨心而行，無須過 Kong for the first time in 1991, immediately after the constitutional 份盤算。”專員憶述自己在香港大學法律學院 instrument’s promulgation. “Many of my classmates at the time were 念本科時，《基本法》才剛頒布，校方隨即在 sceptical about choosing an elective on something so new.” To the 1991年首次開辦有關這份憲制文件的課程。“當 21-year-old, however, it was merely an extension of his passion in history, 時不少同學對選修這門簇新的科目存疑。”然 developed from assembling his first plastic model kit of toy soldiers which 而，對這位年僅 21 歲的小伙子來說，決定選修 he had the fortune of receiving at a Christmas exchange of presents at 這科目，純粹是本着他對歷史的熱忱。事因他 primary school. “In a sense, constitutional law is a product of history 在小學交換聖誕禮物時，有幸得到人生中首套 and politics, and on both subjects I had to read a lot as a parliamentary 塑膠士兵模型玩具，裝砌這套模型，啓發了他 debater for the varsity team. It also prepared me well in pursuing a 對歷史的興趣。“憲制法律可說是歷史與政治 career in public service.” 的產物，代表大學出戰議會式辯論比賽時，也 須蒐集很多在這兩方面的材料，相關的訓練也 Apart from his appetite for learning everything and anything – and those 為我日後從事公務奠下良好的基礎。” who know Mr Wong personally will surely have noticed his wealth of knowledge on any subject big or trivial – the Solicitor General believes 凡認識黃先生的人必會發現，他除了求知若渴 that meeting people, from farmers to pharmacists, and listening to 外，也見多識廣，事無大小通曉。這位法律政 them is also essential. “One can’t know everything. But when there is 策專員認為，與不同層面的人接觸，不論他們 something you don’t know, at least you know whom you may ask.” 的背景和特長，只要細心聆聽他們對大小事情 的看法，都必有所得。“人不可能無所不知， 但是當你有所不知時，至少也知道可以向誰 討教。” Feature Articles Feature 特稿 78 沈仲平博士專訪 Interview with Dr Alain Sham

2016 年初，副刑事檢控專員沈仲平博士榮休，告別工作逾三十載的公務員隊伍。本文是 這位檢控貪污和有組織罪行的專家，與讀者分享他的一些看法及對未來的展望。 Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, Dr Alain Sham Chung Ping, retired in early 2016, after a career in public service spanning more than three decades. The specialist in the prosecution of corruption and organised crime shared some of his views and the vision for the future.

Dr Alain Sham has a knack for remembering details and figures, as demonstrated by the ease with which he recollects his initial appointment to this Department and his different postings over the next three decades. “I was appointed as Assistant Crown Counsel on 4 April 1986 in the then Attorney General’s Chambers and was promoted to Crown Counsel on 4 October 1986. At the time, the starting pay for Assistant Crown Counsel was HK$10,595 a month and the salary for Crown Counsel as at 4 October 1986 was HK$13,600 [a month].”

The young Mr Sham was promoted to Senior Crown Counsel in June 1989 and in 1993, he was attached to the Government Secretariat as Assistant Secretary for Trade and Industry. This was followed by a six- month stint, in 1994, in the Civil Division’s Civil Litigation Unit. There he served as Acting Assistant Principal Crown Counsel, mainly overseeing 刑事檢控專員在 2016 年 4 月於律政司職員會所為 the unit’s judicial review portfolio. 沈仲平博士舉行歡送會 Farewell gathering hosted by the Director of Public In November 1994, Mr Sham returned to the Prosecutions Division Prosecutions for Dr Alain Sham at the Department of which soon saw him appointed as Deputy Principal Crown Counsel in Justice’s Mess in April 2016 March 1995 to head the Trial Preparation Unit (High Court) & Narcotics. During this time, he was also tasked to deal with cases involving triad 沈仲平博士有對細節和數字過目不忘的能力， and organised crime, corruption in the private sector and anti-terrorism 從他能不假細想便道出投身律政司後三十多年 elements. His experience in private corruption cases was a prelude to 間所擔任的多個職位，可見一斑。“1986 年 4 his further specialising in cases of corruption in the public sector. The 月 4 日，我加入當時的律政署，任職助理檢察 corruption law specialist was subsequently appointed as Senior Assistant 官，同年 10 月 4 日晉升為檢察官。當年助理檢 Director of Public Prosecutions overseeing the work of the ICAC (Public 察官入職月薪是港幣 10,595 元，而 1986 年 10 Sector) Section from 2007 to 2010. In January 2011, Dr Sham was 月 4 日檢察官的 [ 每月 ] 薪金為港幣 13,600 元。” further promoted to the rank of Principal Government Counsel and 1989 年 6 月，年輕的沈先生獲擢升為高級檢察 in December 2012, headed the Prosecutions Division’s sub-division 官。在 1993 年沈先生被短暫派駐布政司署，出 dedicated to Commercial Crime (which then included four sections: Major Fraud; Securities, Revenue and Fraud; ICAC (Private Sector); and 任助理工商司，其後在 1994 年調到民事法律科 Prosecutions Hong Kong 2015 1 轄下的民事訴訟組工作六個月。當時，他擔任 ICAC (Public Sector)). 署理助理首席檢察官，主要負責督導該組的司 As he progressed through the ranks in his legal career, his personal 法覆核工作。 accolades continued to accumulate. Mr Sham received his doctorate 沈先生在 1994 年 11 月重返刑事檢控科，翌年 degree in 1995 and in 1999, he became the first prosecutor in Hong 3 月即晉升副首席檢察官，出任掌管高等法院案 Kong to be appointed as Visiting Professor to the National Prosecutors 情籌備及禁毒組，同時負責處理牽涉三合會及 College of the People’s Republic of China ( 中國國家檢察官學院客座 有組織罪行、私營機構貪污及反恐的案件。沈 教授 ). “I was surprised. At the time, China was just opening up and 香港刑事檢控 先生處理私營機構貪污案件累積的經驗，為他 this was a state level organisation.” That was the beginning of various

1 A new “Cybercrime” section was formed on 1 August 2012, which has since merged with the section on Public Order Events (POE), to become the POE and Cybercrime Section, now under the purview of Sub-division I. 79 往後拓展公營機構貪污案件的專業領域奠下基 appointments as Visiting Professor to Mainland universities, including the 礎。在 2007 至 2010 年，這位反貪法律專家獲 Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing in 2003. 委任高級助理刑事檢控專員，負責監督廉政公 He was also appointed Research Fellow of the Research Institute for 署案件 ( 公營機構 ) 組。2011 年 1 月，沈博士 Criminal Law, Shandong University, in Jinan in 2003. 的事業更上層樓，獲晉升為首席政府律師，並 Less known may be the fact that in 2000 Dr Sham had turned down 在 2012 年 12 月，掌管刑事檢控科轄下專責處 理商業罪案的分科。當時該分科下設四組，即 a senior position with the United Nation’s Office of Internal Oversight 嚴重詐騙案件組；證券、稅務及詐騙案件組； Services responsible for overseeing the UN’s work in Nairobi, Turkey, London and Vienna. He cites a drop in property prices in Hong Kong at 廉政公署案件 ( 私營機構 ) 組；以及廉政公署案 the time and various personal reasons for his decision to stay in Hong 件 ( 公營機構 ) 組。1 Kong – a decision which he is content with. 沈先生在律政司的仕途平步青雲，他的個人榮 譽亦同時繼續累積。1995 年，沈先生取得博士 Dr Sham’s career in the public service has spanned what he terms 學位，四年後中國國家檢察官學院邀請他擔任 fondly the “five dynasties and eight generations”. He has served under 客座教授，成為香港首位榮膺此銜的檢察人員。 five department heads: two former Attorneys General (Mr Michael “我感到意外，因為當時中國剛逐步開放，而 Thomas, QC and Mr Jeremy Mathews) and three Secretaries for 這又是國家級機構。”之後，內地的大學陸續 Justice (Ms , Mr Wong Yan Lung, SC and Mr , 委任沈博士為客座教授，包括 2003 年他接獲重 SC). By generations, Dr Sham means the different Directors of Public 慶市西南政法大學的委任邀請，同年濟南山東 Prosecution: Mr Joseph Duffy, QC, Mr James Findley, QC, Mr John 大學刑法研究所也委任他為特約研究員。 Wood, Mr Peter Nguyen, QC, Mr , SC, Mr Ian McWalters, SC (now Justice of Appeal), Mr , SC (now a Judge in the 沈博士有一則鮮為人知的軼事，就是聯合國內 Court of First Instance) and the present DPP Mr , SC. “If you 部監督事務廳在 年邀請他出任高職，負責 2000 were to count Mr Max Lucas, then that would be nine generations. But 督導聯合國在內羅畢、土耳其、倫敦及維也納 that was only for six months.” The former DPP Mr Lucas had returned 的工作。然而，他眼見當時香港的樓價正在下 to in 1986 shortly into the then young prosecutor’s fledgling 跌，加上各種個人因素，遂推辭聯合國的邀請， career in the Department and had not returned due to illness. 繼續留港工作，而到今天沈博士亦安於此決定。 Dr Sham was tight-lipped about which “dynasty” or “generation” 沈博士在公務員隊伍任職多年，經歴他所稱的 he preferred but was adamant that he was always left a free hand to “五朝八代”。他曾服務的五位部門首長—兩 make independent prosecutorial decisions, including the prosecution 位前律政司 ( 唐明治御用大律師及馬富善先生 ) of the HKSAR’s two most senior officials - the former Chief Secretary 和三位律政司司長 ( 梁愛詩女士、黃仁龍資深 for Administration Rafael Hui Si-yan and the former Chief Executive 大律師及袁國強資深大律師 )。而他所指的“八 Donald Tsang Yam-kuen - which had attracted much comment from the 代”，則是眾位刑事檢控專員—杜輝御用大律 community ranging from the timing of the prosecution, to the choice 師、范達理御用大律師、胡俊康先生、阮雲道 of charges brought against them. “During my 30 years as a public 御用大律師、江樂士資深大律師、麥偉德資深 prosecutor, I am glad that I can say with confidence that I had acted, 大律師 ( 現為上訴法庭法官 )、薛偉成資深大律 and was allowed to act, professionally and independently. There has 師 ( 現為原訟法庭法官 ) 和現任的楊家雄資深大 never been any occasion or any case where the Secretary for Justice or 律師。“如果盧嘉士先生也計算在內則有九代， the Director of Public Prosecutions has directed me or my counsel as to 但那只有六個月而已。” 1986 年，沈博士才初 what is to be decided in a case. There has been no political prosecution. 出茅廬，當時時任刑事檢控專員的盧嘉士先生 We decide on the evidence and the public interest, not political 不久便返回澳洲，其後因病未有再返港。 considerations.” 對於喜歡哪個“朝”或“代”，沈博士守口如瓶， 但說到檢控工作，他肯定地指出，自己向來是 The career prosecutor has seen how the nature of crime has changed 獨立自主作出檢控決定，不受干涉，包括決定 over the years. “In the 1980s to 1990s, there were a lot of violent crimes and armed robberies. But this has decreased because the risk is high 檢控兩位香港特區最高層官員 ( 即前政務司司長 with a relatively low return. The trend has turned to commercial and 許仕仁和前任行政長官曾蔭權 )。這兩宗案件由 決定檢控時機以至控罪方面，都有不少社會人 economic crime.” Whilst anti-corruption seemed to be the predominant 士熱議。“我很高興可以昂首地說，在從事檢 focus for those in law enforcement up until the end of 1990, the focus has further shifted to fighting money-laundering and cybercrime, 控工作 30 年，我一直可以本着專業原則獨立自 主行事。無論律政司司長或刑事檢控專員，都 Dr Sham added. 從未就任何案件指示我或我的律師同事作出任 On the subject of cybercrime, Dr Sham believes that existing laws 何決定。政治檢控絕無其事，我們的決定是以 available to tackle cybercrime are woefully behind the times. “Our 證據及公眾利益為依歸，並不牽涉政治因素。” laws regulating cybercrime are outdated, it is even behind countries Feature Articles Feature 特稿 1 2012 年 8 月 1 日新設“電腦網絡罪行”組，其後與處理公眾秩序活動的組別合併為公眾秩序活動及電腦網絡罪行組。該組現隸屬分科一。 80 在他多年的檢控歲月，沈博士見證罪案性質不 such as the Philippines.” He gives the example of individuals snapping 斷改變。“上世紀八九十年代，不時發生暴力 upskirt photos of women in public places. “Such offences are more 案件及持械行劫案。由於干犯這些罪案風險高 frequent now but we still do not have a law that directly deals with such 但回報低，此消彼長下，案件性質已轉而以商 situations.” He explains that presently, depending on the circumstances 業和金融罪案居多。”沈博士補充說，執法部 of each case, charges may have to be brought against an accused for 門似乎直至 1990 年底都是主力反貪，但後來再 loitering, outraging public decency or disorderly conduct in a public 度轉移重心，致力打擊洗錢及電腦網絡罪行。 place.

談到電腦網絡罪行，沈博士認為現行的相關法 Dr Sham also cites the case of HKSAR v Chan Yau-hei (2014) 17 HKCFAR 例與時代嚴重脫節。“香港規管電腦網絡罪行 110, which he feels demonstrates squarely the dissatisfactory state of 的法例已過時，甚至落後於菲律賓等國家。” legislation in the face of new modes of committing cybercrime. In that 他引公眾地方偷拍女士裙底為例說明：“雖然 case, the appellant had posted a message in Chinese on an internet 現在這些罪行已變得常見，但香港依然沒有一 discussion forum which read: “We have to learn from the Jewish people 條法例直接處理這些情況。”他解釋，現時只 and bomb the Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government # fire #” 能因應個別案情，以遊蕩、作出有違公德行為 (〝我哋要學猶太人炸咗中聯辦 #fire#〞”). The appellant was originally 或在公共地方行為不檢檢控被告。 charged with the centuries old offence of outraging public decency. 沈博士也以香港特別行政院區 訴 陳宥羲 (2014) The Court of Final Appeal (“CFA”), however, unanimously allowed the 17 HKCFAR 110 一案為例指出，該案件恰好 appeal, holding that the public element of the offence required the act 說明在新模式電腦網絡罪行的年代，現行法例 to be committed in a physical, tangible place and the internet was not a 有不足之處。案中的上訴人在互聯網討論區用 place in any physical or actual sense. The CFA was of the opinion that 中文發布訊息：“我哋要學猶太人炸咗中聯辦 the internet was a medium, not a place, for the purposes of the offence #fire#”。控方對上訴人控以有數百年歷史的作 and thus the public element of the offence was not satisfied. The Chief 出有違公德行為罪。但終審法院一致裁定被告 Justice had emphasized that, “The common law offence of outraging 上訴得直，並指出有關行為必須在實質、有形 public decency, which has a history going back at least 350 years, is not 的地方作出，才構成該罪行的公眾元素，而互 one that comfortably fits into the modern internet age. Criminal liability 聯網並不構成任何實質或有形的地方。終審法 in the context of the present case is one that should be determined by 2 院認為，就該罪行而論，互聯網是一個媒介而 legislation.” 非地方，不足以構成該罪行的公眾元素。終審 Likewise, Dr Sham believes immediate reform on laws relating to 法院首席法官強調：“作出有違公德行為是一 cybercrime is needed, especially on matters of procedure, how evidence 項有不短於 年歷史的普通法罪行，這罪行 350 is gathered and presented. “It is a big problem. Criminals now tend to 並不容易切合現今的互聯網時代。案中的刑事 use more sophisticated modes and technologies. We are chasing after 法律責任應該藉立法釐定。”2 the criminals but we don’t have the expertise.” 同樣，沈博士認為必須馬上改革與電腦網絡罪 With increasing co-operation between and Hong Kong, 行有關的法律，尤其是關乎程序的事宜，以及 Dr Sham has also been pondering the level and the mechanisms of co- 就如何蒐證及提出證據等。“這是個大課題。 operation between the “two shores and four lands” ( 兩岸四地 ) – Hong 現時罪犯傾向使用更精密的手法和技術。我們 Kong, Macau, Mainland China and Taiwan – in fighting corruption and 要窮追罪犯，但卻欠缺這方面的專門知識。” money-laundering. “The problem is not a lack of laws or mechanism. 中國內地和香港之間的合作日益頻繁，沈博士 We have laws in Hong Kong and Macau. But we still get cases such as 也一直思考香港、澳門、內地和台灣“兩岸四 Rafael Hui and Ao Man Lung 3 .” Dr Sham believes much depends on 地”合力肅貪和打擊洗錢的深度和機制。“問 the quality and sophistication of the community. “You cannot have a 題不是欠缺法律或機制。香港和澳門都有相關 corrupt government with a clean society.” Whilst he acknowledges laws 法律，但仍發生許仕仁和歐文龍的案件 3。” and mechanisms cannot stop corruption, it is nonetheless a starting 沈博士認為，市民的質素和修養至為關鍵。 point.

“一個廉潔的社會不會滋生一個貪腐的政府。” Prosecutions Hong Kong 2015 他承認單靠法律和機制不能杜絕貪污，但卻是 The retiring prosecutor’s vision and hope for law enforcement agencies? 一個起步點。 “While you can’t achieve perfection, you have to keep improving yourself.” 沈博士從檢控官的位置退下來後，對執法機關 有何寄望？他說：“儘管不能達至完美，也要 不斷追求進步。”

見終審法院首席法官馬道立在香港特別行政院區 訴 陳宥羲 案的判案書首段。 2 (2014) 17 HKCFAR 110 香港刑事檢控 Chief Justice Ma in the opening paragraph of the judgment in HKSAR v Chan Yau-hei (2014) 17 HKCFAR 110. 3 歐文龍是澳門特別行政區首任運輸工務司司長，2008 年被控 40 項受賄罪成，判處監禁 27 年；2012 年因受賄逾澳門幣 3,190 萬元 ( 約港幣 3,090 萬元 )，再判處監禁 29 年。 Ao Man Long was the first Secretary for Transport and Public Works of the Macau Special Administrative Region. In 2008, he was found guilty of 40 counts of taking bribes and sentenced to 27 years’ imprisonment. In 2012, he was sentenced to a further 29 years’ imprisonment for taking bribes of more than 31.9 million patacas (about HK$30.9 million). 81