Systematic Code

So r a id a r e t h e s t r ide s made b ,, p y s c ie nc e in t h is p r o g r e s s ive ag e a nd s o bo u ndle s s is it s r a ng e th a t t h o s e wh o vi e w it s c a r e e r fr o m wi t h o u t find g r e a t diffic u lty in fo llo wi ng it s dive r s e a nd int r ic a t e p a t h -ways ; wh i le t h o s e wh o h a ve s e c u r e d a fo o ting with in t h e s a me r o a d a r e o f t en q u i t e u na bl e t o ke e p p a c e with it s fle e t mo ve me nt s a nd wo u ld fa in r e t ir e r t h u a l nt es t I t is no t s u r f o m e u neq c o . pr is i ng t h en t h a t t h o s e a c t u a lly c o nt r i dva n e me nt o s c ie nc e bu t ing t o th e a c f , ‘ p r es s ing e ag e r ly u pwa r d a nd o nwar d ' s h o u ld neg le c t t o lo o k ba c k u p o n t h e labo r s o f t h o s e wh o p r e c e de th e m a nd s h o u ld s o me t ime s l o s e s igh t o f th e o bli g a t i o ns wh ic h s c ie nc e o wes t o fo r g o t t en r t “ g e ne a io ns .

H a r r t n Bo lt o n . . C ing o

T116 1] (1 0 0g t o t h e ar e li ce ch emistr Curran L or y.

T h e W ant s t o Be Filled .

’ - mu o f m To day in all research work , ch the scientist s ti e is expended in locating the literatu re o f his s u bject ; yet ﬁnally the most conscientiou s

mu S m mu m i worker st leave that earch inco plete , he st re ain in gnorance u o f valu able su ggestions that wo ld have advanced his work . H More helpless is the manu f actu rer . e cannot hope to know what has m m been done the world over in his indu stry , or toward i prove ents that contin u ally su ggest themselves to h im. He may p u rchase some book o f reference . Little o f its contents applies to his case , and he knows that this can scarcely f orm a complete statement o f what the world has p u blished

u on the s bject . M f f o r ost helpless the inventor , who generally with no acilities litera u mu u f u o f t re searching, st grope along pward over the ail res his own

- u b u t - o f ideas , the costly scrap heap . The res lt is that one per cent the patents

- to day have any market val u e . f o f o f Who can oresee all the applications a given principle , process or produ ct ? An electric f u rnace is designed f o r a speciﬁc p u rpose ; b u t it may be f o und that its u nderlying principles are eq u ally applicable to

u m u f u o f u m u m u m . other ses , to the an act rer calci carbide or al in , perchance

u m u m u m f o r u u o f r o Al in has a val e as a aterial tensils , beca se one its p

e r t ies m p is great resistance to che ical action . It has other applications

u o f u beca se another its properties is lightness . It has still other ses

m u u f o r u in etall rgy as a red cing agent ores, beca se a third property f u m f m is a power l che ical a ﬁnity at high te peratu res f o r oxygen . In

f m u a u u or ation regarding act al pplications is inval able to the p rod cer .

h im u m u f u u It aids in introd cing his an act re in increasing his sales . S ch f m d u m in or ation to ay cannot be sec red with any approach to co pleteness . What specialist pretends t ) know all o f t h e latest books and articles

u ? u that have been p blished in his specialty Thro gh this ignorance , his c a m p ab il it ie s are g reatly li ited .

u e ﬁ o r t u These are thing s that individ al can , it is tr e , never attain . b u t it is conceivable that all o f them co u ld be accomplished by an org a n io n iz at .

Wh at Mu s t Be A ccompli s h ed .

u There are three needs which all bibliographies sho ld aspire to ﬁll . These are : to give the seeker complete and accu rate inf ormation on a s u b

u f m in e x n jcet , to give only s ch in or ation as he desires , and to give it p e

s iv e l y .

u r t f m u To give c o mplet e and acc a e in or ation on any s bject, the biblio

m u m h e a u . f t graphy at the start st specialize S ch a work treating , ro st rt ,

o f m u m f m all branches che istry wo ld probably be i per ect in electroche istry . F u rthermore it is essential to completeness that the latest work shall be

u . m f o m incl ded This conde ns at once the book bibliography , r it beco es o o u t f date while g oing thro u gh the press . To g ive o nl y s u ch information as the investig ator desires again breaks

- o f . I f u u n e c e s i with the traditions book bibliographers an ann al iss e , it s

tates searching throu gh twenty -ﬁ v e vol u mes and their twenty - ﬁ v e indices to scan the work o f as many years ; l aboring throu gh innu merable references f oreign to the su bject in hand . A system mu st be adopted in which the new and old ref erences on any minu te su bject can be bro u ght together at

one single place . The cheapne s s o f a bibliography to the p u rchaser depends u pon his being able to secu re j u st the choice o f references that he desires and u pon the simplicity an d economy o f the system o f classiﬁcation by which it is prepared . Another demand on the bibliography is the possibility o f arranging the references either according to a u thors or s u bjects .

Manner o f A ccompl is h ment .

To secu re a c o mplet e bibliography it i s necessary that a complete ﬁle u m o f the jo u rnals to be excerpted sho u ld be accessible . So the instit te u s t mu b e located in a town with g ood library f acilities . It st receive books and u a f m u o f f m jo rn ls ro p blishers , reports their proceedings ro societies , and

M u reprints from a u thors themselves . any jo rnals other than those devoted to o u r su bject mu st be reviewed and all excerpting mu st b e based on the

u m contents rather than on the title o f the article . Finally beca se any o f ff o f u e articles treat relationships between di e r ent branches the s bj ct , the references mu st be d u plicated u nder all branches concerned . f m mu To present o nly the in ormation demanded , an expansible syste st f be adopted . A book is bo u nd ; a card catalog in expansible . A card re erence to an article on Gadolini u m appearin g in 1 91 0 might lie next to a card on this 1 905 u su bject bearing the date . The searcher can th s be shown where to

find o nly the cards and references to his s u bject . Any card system can be made to satisfy the demands o f completeness and discrimination A simple alphabetical system s u ffices f o r the arran B fi m gement o f the cards by au thors . u t the s u bject classi cation is the ore m n m o f mu m f u i porta t and per its a ch wider application . One ore req ently wants to know what has been p u blished in r eg ard to a give n s u bject than o f o f u m o f to have a list the works a given a u thor . The s bject atter a ’ scientific paper also leaves a deeper impression than does the au thor s m n e if m m na e , which o appreciates at a later date an atte pt is ade to find o f u the paper witho u t a s u bject index . The cheap produ ction s ch a clas s ifi e d bibliography will depend greatly u pon the system o f indexing e m plo y ed : since this fixes the cost o f the lab or o f sorting and selecting the cards u m u f For this s bject classification , a syste is req ired where re erences on a common su bject matter are not liable to be separated by entry u nder s yn o

o o . o f f u f m n m u s terms ; 0 . g the classiﬁcation re erences nder Wol ra and

u o f u i m u T ngsten . To be n versal service . a syste is req ired where the clas s iﬁ c ati o n moreover will not be controlled by the lang u age o f any co u ntry in which the article is written or the bibliography p u blished The classi ﬁ c at i o n sho u ld be based p u rely u pon the character o f the produ cts or princi ples treated o f in t h e articles it sho u ld b e one o f relat ed s u bj ect s . To adopt su ch a r elat ive su bj ec t syst em that permits o f expansion o f

m u m all topics and to anip late its cards cheaply and with speed , a sy bol u e o f mu st be assigned to each topic . Experience has shown that the s

u m m u m r e Arabic n erals is ost advantageo s and applied as deci als , they

u m m f m m ﬁ u o f d ce arrange ent to its si plest or , and per it in nite s bdivision the su bjects represented by n u merical symbols . The r el at ive s u bject decimal s ys t em seems s u perior to others f o r an economical bibliography that will give the scientiﬁc and techn ical stu dent o nl y the references to his own branch and that will give h im al l su ch references

H ow t h e W ant s Will Be Filled .

In selecting the decimal symbols f o r the su bjects it seems wisest to f m m u o f M w o f ollow the syste ost widely sed , that elvil De ey , Librarian u the New York State Library , and developed by the International Instit te o f Bibliography o f Bru ssels and the B u reau o f Bibliography o f Paris . 1 ) Considering that the primary f u nction o f s u ch a bibliography is to o u t m O point atter that wou ld have been otherwise verlooked , it is evident that from the American standpoint the best possible location f o r the insti tu te is the center o f E u rope ; f o r it is the Proceedings o f some scienti ﬁc society in a hidden corner o f Germany or Italy that wo u ld be most pro

u u b ably overlooked . In Switzerland with its three national lang ages , s ch m p u blications are ost easily f ou nd .

1 ) An explanation o f this system introd u ces the decimal code which f ollows in this pamphlet . u m Bibli o r a h ic u m Appreciating these advantages , the Concili g p 2) was f u s u 1 895 u f o r o nded by scientiﬁc societie at Z rich , Switzerland in , sing its m m bibliogra phies the deci al syste mentioned above . The electrochemical

u o f u bibliography will be p blished by a branch this instit tion .

u f f o f u m S bsidized by the Swiss Con ederation . the acilities the Concili f o r m n t h e u o f u e ployi g p blic libraries the entire co ntry are u nexcelled . Indeed su ch jo u rnals as do not appear in the Z u rich libraries are loaned

o s t u o f m t the in ti te by those Geneva , Basel , and Berne . So e j o u rnals o f interest are lacking and it will b e the ﬁrst care o f the instit u te to secu re

o f m those needed . The patents the ost important co u ntries are also a c

o f u m m ce s sible at the Polytechnic Institu te Z rich . As a e ber o f the German u u m book trade , the Instit te can obtain all new books p blished in Ger any ,

o r M o Au stria and Switzerland f reviewing . ost f the D u tch an d Scandinavian p u blications can be obtained in this way as well a s the works o f all

g p u blishers having a ents in Leipzig . The s u bjects inclu ded in this bibliography are shown in detail by the

m T h e f f u code afﬁxed to this pa phlet . re erences that will b e o nd u nder

u u u u certain s bjects in the code will not , it is tr e , be exha stive since , nder m u . any s bject , only articles relating to electroche istry will be classiﬁed

bu t ff Only original articles will be given separate cards , an e ort will be made to cite revi ews and reprints tog ether with the original . The choice and classiﬁcation o f the references will all b e u ndertaken by an electrochemist with several years o f both scientiﬁc training and practical experience .

u m The Instit te has its own printing establish ent, setting and printing o f h o f b i all t e cards its bi liograph es . h R es u lt s o f t h e Work o f t e Ins t it ut e .

o f m At the beginning , in the catalog electroche istry there will be abou t 5000 f u o f u o f m original re erences per year , excl sive d plications the sa e

iff u u u article u nder d erent s bjects . This d plication will probably do ble the

u m o f . u m u m o f f n ber cards No g aranteed li it, to the n ber original re er n e c e s can b e given . The work o f the instit u te will resu lt in ﬁve compilations m u o f 1 . A agazine catalog containing the titles and vario s data all mag azines that are worked thro u gh .

u m 2 . The a thor catalog with the cards arranged in si ple alphabetical ’ order u nder the au thor s name and with cross -references f o r articles pre pared by two o r more au thors .

2 ) T h e Concili u m Biblio gr aph ic u m is a central agency f o u nded by the International Congress o f Zoolog y with the ﬁnancial su pport o f the Swiss f o f u o f Con ederation , the Canton , and City Z rich , the Zoological Station z m u m f o r Naples, the Eli abeth Tho son F nd . the A erican Association the o o m Advan cement f Science , the Zoological Society f France . the A erican o f u m u o f Microscopical Society and n ero u s private donors . The acco nts the institu tion are a u dited f o r the su bsidizing bodies by a committee ap o i u o f u m p ointed by the Swiss Society Nat ralists . The work the Concili u u consists in collecting bibliographical notices , f rom all c rrent p blications M m h o f in Zoology , Paleontology , icroscopy, Anato y and P ysiology, and prin

- ting and distrib u ting these in card f orm. 3 o f m e a c h . The catalog pri ary cards with article classiﬁed according to its most salient featu re .

4 . The catalog o f au x illiar y cards with the same citations as the pri mary catalog b u t classiﬁed u nder secondary s u bject - heads according to pro ’ ’ e r t ie s o f m u p , generalities , or the points f view ro which the s bject has been

. u u f o f treated To disting ish the d plicates rom the original cards , that part the symb ol which decides the primary classiﬁcation o f the card is prin ted in

-f m f o r a u xiliar f o r f black ace type while the sy b ol , the y card or the a ﬁx is in ordinary typ e s )

u f m m Unless there is s ﬁcient de and , the agazine catalog and the catalog o f references arranged by jo u rnals will only exist in man u script f orm or

m u xill iar u u . a in a single edition at the instit te All pri ary, y, and a thor

m . cards will , it is hoped , be kept in stock syste atically arranged

u O perat i o ns in t h e I ns t it t e .

Two editions o f all references will be printed diff ering only in the

u o f u o f m q ality the paper sed . One strong p er anent white stock , the other o f a goo d thin brown paper weighing respectively 200 grams and 1 20 grams per h u ndred cards . The latter edition is cheaper and occu pies less {space b ll c u t m u t is less du rable . These cards are a to the standard A erican

e ms u f o r o f library size by , and are p nched the rods standard card drawers . The f ollowing will show the character o f t h e inf ormation and its g e n

m f u e a h o f eral arrange ent to be o nd on c card , and represents a card standard size .

anc f i 003 B ro t , W lder D .

9 r m r E l e c t r o c h e m. So c . 1 03. Electrolytic Copper Refining . T ans . A e . — l 4 f o f . Vo . p . 55 8 2 . [ Conditions infl u encing e ficiency plant operation ]

I n B b io r a h ic . Un v r s i l g p i e ali 6 6 9 s mart c onc mum Bibfio gmpfiiomfl»

T yp o g r a p h la Co nc iI I i B i b l io g r a ph ic i

s ) It is clear that the au xiliary an d primar y bibliographie s will s u pple ; m - ent each other an d n o t over lap . In the u pper right -hand corner is the de c imal symbol denoting t h e o f u classiﬁcation the article . This g ides the card to its place in the su bject ’ u h m e catalog . The a t or s na e in h avy type occu pies the ﬁrst line to t h e

f f i o f u le t acilitating the nsertion the card in an a thor catalog . On the next line in hea vy type is the date o f p u b lication o f the article which is u sefu l f o r c o f m m another lassiﬁcation cards bearing the sa e deci al symbol . This is f ollowed b y the title o f the arti c le as given in the mag azine f rom which

u it was excerpted , and when in a lang ag e other than English , the title will b e f ollowed by an English translation . The abbreviated title o r the mag a u m o f u m m s o f zine , the n ber the vol e , the pag e li it the articl e , and a state m o f u u ent any ill strative plates and ﬁg res are then g iven , frequ ently f o l

um e o f I h lowed by explanatory note concerning the cont nts the article . f t e f article is o f a g eneral character, a ter the ref erence there will b e printed

m o f s u b - u o f u in the sy bols the gro ps the s bject treated in the article . t h e 0 l m “ f “ “ illu strative card shown . 3 . 8 eans process e ﬁciency . 01 1 means q u ality “ “ “ 57 1 u t “ o f deposit and . O . c rren density an d circ u lation .

The b u reau will arrange all o f the cards o f a shipment in regu la r decimal seq u ence .

- All cards will be packed in strong card board boxe s .

t t h i i How o U s e e B bl ograph y .

T h e bibliography is made u p o f tw o distinct parts ; the card catal o g o f o n and the code or key . This latter consists t w sectio s . First a printed tab u lated code o f s u bjects gro u ped relati vely by means o f their preﬁxed

o f u n o decimal symbols . Second a printed alphabetical list s bjects and s y nyms with the decimal assigned to each .

Anyone wishing to stu dy a s u bject may look in the classiﬁed code and trace his su bject from its relationships . An investigator looking f o r “ “ m - m u u art icles on Da age to street ains by stray electric c rrents , t rns “ “ throu gh his code to Electrical engineering and g oes to its division “ o “ H b Prod u ction and transmission f electricity . ere he ﬁnds a s u “ “ m u division Trans ission , Wiring , and this contains the gro p “ “ Undergrou nd transmission which in t u r n inclu des the section “ “ du u u m Electrol ysis e to ndergro nd trans ission .

m f o r u Bu t the system presents another ethod looking p any s u bject .

o f u o u r u u Employing the alphabetical list s bjects , st dent locates the s bject

’ ’ ’ ’ ’ head ’ Cond u it electrolysis Co r r o s i o n o r Electrolysis and u nder any one o f these he will ﬁnd a s u b - head referri ng to his s u bject ; and f ollowing

- u m u that s u b head its n ber, The cards he now seeks nder this

~ r n u mber in the c ar d dr aw e s .

u - m To assist in the search thro gh the card drawers , g u ides ay b e placed at the head o f the vario u s gro u ps o f cards as shown in the accompanying

u o f o f i illu stration . On the tong e each these and extend ng above the cards is printed the symbol and its s u bj ect f o r the immediately following

cards . 1 1 Ph y s ical Ch emi s try .

Gener al Liqu ids Gas e s Sol ut i o ns Pho t ochemis t r y Thermoch emi s t r y E lect r o chemist r y Mag ne t e c h e- mis t r y

So l ids E tc .

r a hia nive rs ali 54 edidlt Co nc l o ra in Biblio g p U iliumBibi g phicum. h T ypo gr ap ic Co nc llll Biblio g r apblo l.

h . u . O Member s ip S b s cribing rders .

o f u m f o r m As in all work the Concili , the Section Electroche istry will

m f - be devoid o f any mercantil e p u rposes . It ai s to be me rely sel s u p p orting . It has been f ou nd de s ir abl e t o in s titu te a system o f membership to the

u m m n u o r Section o f Electrochemistry . S ch e bership will i c r no expense o 5 responsibility save the payment f the yearly du es o f 2 c ents . Any one d esiring to be come a member shou ld sen d u s the accompanying card pr o M m n perly ﬁlled in . e bers are entitled to a considerable r edu ctio on all o u orders and to a copy f pamph l e ts p u blished by t h e section . Reg lar su bs c r ip t io ns will be a ccepte d to a ny su bjects possessing deﬁnite n u mbers in the code. z an d e o f mu ff The si e r gu larity the order however, st gre atly a ect the rate necessary to charge per card .

f l x m u s f o r The o lowing are the appro i ate rates incl ding po tage , r egu lar

u b c r i io n m s p t s to me bers .

Cards per year . 20 f o r u f To the ab ove % is to be added irreg lar orders rom su bscribers .

f m - u orders ro non s bscribers .

f o r m au x illiar The rates the pri ary and y cards are the same . Gu ides 6 0 will cost one cent apiece or c ents per hu ndred .

m m u m Biblio r a h ic m Pay ents are to be ade yearly to the Concili g p u , Zu rich

M r . 427 or to . Edward S Field , Broadway , New York . ’ m u u u Two onths notice is req ired to s spend a s bscript ion .

n h Set t i g U p t e Cat alog.

Tightly packed 1 000 white cards occu py a depth o f abo u t 9 inches ; b u t in u s e u 1 000 u 1 3 - only abo t sho ld be stored in the standard inch card drawer . 1 000 brown cards occu py a depth o f 5 inches consequ ently 1 800 can b e m stored conveniently in a si ilar card drawer . Card cabinets can be secu red from the Conciliu m b u t American s u b scribers will ﬁnd it less expensive to tu rn to American ho u ses s u ch as the o Library B u reau f Boston . The alphabetical index is u nder preparatio n and we will shortly be able

u to s u pply all s bscri bers with it . Altho u gh it is intended at present to conﬁne the blib lio gr a p h y to u m m cu rrent literat re and patents , the Electroche ical Section has co piled a complete set o f references to the electrochemical patents o f Switzerland . The p u blication o f a su bscription editio n o f these cards is u nder consider m f 1 000 u ation . The set, co prising re erences to over patents wo ld cost not over 3 Members and friends o f the institu te can greatly fu rther o u r work by o f u having sent to it the proceedings societies , separata , and all jo rnals not a c u ain regu larly received in Z u rich libraries . They can aid it greatly by q ting p u blic libraries with its existence and showing them the valu e o f the bibliography to their patrons . It is p u rposed to extend gradu ally the work o f the Concili u m to other o f branches science . Int rod u ct ion.

The D e wey Relative Decimal System which f orms the basis o f this f M o f code was irst devised by elvil Dewey, Librarian the New York State

Librar y in 1 873 f o r cataloging books according to the s u bject treated . The main classes chosen by h im then have since received more and more

detailed su bdivision .

Th is s ystem di vides all knowledg e into ten grou ps and assigns to each , m o f one o f t h e ten Arabic nu merals . The syste then divides each these grou ps into it s main branches in related sequ ence and assign s to each 5 branch a decimal o f the n u meral which designates the main gr ou p . .

m u 54 m h e mis t r . eans Nat ral Science f o r instance and . eans C yr ) In this manner Dewey carried the s u bdivision to the f o u gth or ﬁfth decimal . Elec t r o c h e mis t r y plays an important part in f ou r o f these main branches ; in m m phys ics and che istry , in engineering and che ical technology s ) Even ﬁve decimal places are however insu ff icient when applied t o bib lio gr aph ic al practice and the divisions o f these main branches have more recently been greatly su bdivided in many directions by the Intern ational Institu te o f Bibliography o f Bru ssels and the B u reau Bibliographiq u e de

u m Bibl io r a h ic u m Paris and ﬁnally at the Concili g p . The general principle o f the decimal sys t em is perhaps best shown by an u ill stration . 54 m a m e ns Che istry . 54 1 m Theoretical che istry . 54 1 1 Physical chemistry 54 1 1 7 m Electroche istry (theoretical) .

54 u n . Cond ctivity , Electrolysis and Polarizatio 54 Electrolysis . Electrolytes .

54 ff o Actions and e ects f electrolysis . 54 u Inﬂ ences on electrolytic actions .

4 mu m fu ) It st be e phasised as a ndamental o f the decimal principle , that any nu mber is a su bdivision o f that same n umber with the right -han d

i m . u 6 2 u o f m d git re oved Th s is a s bdivision 6 . In practice t h e first deci al i m po nt is o itted . 5) Electrochemist ry has relat ions with variou s sciences and indu strie s as h as perhaps no other su bject . Its existence as a science is the resu lt o f u f s ch relations . There ore no nu mber where all o f its interests can be e ffi c ie nt l u M f y gro ped together , can be assigned to it . ost o f the branches o m f u electroche istry are covered by the o r great divisions mentioned . l f u later it were necessary to disting ish between the variou s infl u ences , then : 54 cou ld mean Influ ences o f temperat u re 82 . cu rrent density 83 . additional solvents f m m u As is evident ro this exa ple , no s bject can o u tgrow the decimal system.

The ease with which an article treating o f the relationships between u a n b e f two s bjects c dealt is shown by the ollowing example . An article “ m m o f “ u u appears on Ther oche istry Electrolytic Dissociation . Th s nder “ “ “ 54 m m f o r m “ che istry , the sy bol ther ochemistry is 1 1 6 ; the symbol f o r “ “ electrolytic dissociation is the colon is u sed to separate the s ym~ f o r u b m f o r b ols the two s je c t s .e ) The sy bol the above article may read 1 1 6 or 1 1 6 In the first case the card will be c l a s s xfi e d “ “ “ “ u d h . nder electrolytic issociation , in the second u nder t e im o e h e mis t r y Thu s stu dents o f either s u bject may readily find the articles o f interest to them.

The Relative Decimal System permits o f other advantageo u s arrang e m f m o ents . One is a classiﬁcation according to special or s f docu ments

m o f u u “ by eans the do ble zero within parenthesis . Th s ( 002) means price “ “ “ - o lists and (008) means patents . A price list f electrically reﬁned metals “ “ u f u u m m u wo ld be o nd nder a ong the cards on etall rgy , 6 6 9 ; and a p atent on an electric igniter u nder ( 008) among the cards o f “ “ m . 6 21 , echanical engineering

It has b een tho u ght u sef u l to classi fy certain references in regard to the " f m o f u f f “ g eneral or p blication , etc , as when the re erence re ers to a text “ “ “ “ book to a p e r io dic al or to teaching All su ch classiﬁcation “ o f is symb olized by a single zero with a parenthesis . A periodical electrical “ u 6 21 engineering wo u ld be (05) nder . f Another classiﬁcation is u sed to s u bdivide re erences g eographically . 491 u m m . The sy bol is the si ple parenthesis So that ( ) wo ld be Switzerland , “ m u 6 6 1 m u f u 44 7 3 t . u ( ) France , ( ) United S ates Calci carbide nder an act re “ o f chemicals “ is sy mbolized by and calciu m carbide manu factu re “ in Switzerland wou ld be ( 4994 6 531 41 or

“ “ A f u rther important convention is f o r e x p r e s s mg the point o f view

u from which the article is st u died . Thi s is designated by the do ble zero 3 m “ “ 001 m “ W itho u t parenthesis . For instance . 00 eans costs , . eans opera “ “ “ m . 006 m u i . u . 766 u tion , aintenance , and eans plants , b ild ng s Th s nder “ “ “ “ “ 6 9 m u m um u m m 6 , etall rgy eaning al in , then sy b olizes a plant “ f o r al u min u m man u fact u re .

n u i The convent io , the single zero witho t parenthes s , represents special f o r s W i u . u analytic s u bdivision . These vary th the vario s sciences Th s “ “ “ “ m h e mi t r 5 m a n u a n i a s . C s v . 0 e s , Q t t tive analy s i eaning arsenic , “ “ i a i f o r m eans q u an t t t ve analysis arsenic .

m o m m ay 6 ) When a relati onship beco es f exceptional i portance it at u m any t i me be given a speci al n ber . Where a su bordinate classiﬁcation other than the u su al one is n e c e s h sary the dash is employed in adding the su bordinate symbols . For i “ “ stance u nder “ condu ctivity it wo u ld not do to divide cond u ctivity o f “ g ases decimally by chemical elements f o r later it may b e necessary to consider vario u s types o f cond u ctivity in g ases . There fo r e the chemical

u m . or s bordinate classiﬁcation is expressed by another sy bol , the dash 9 “ “ “ Under 6 6 metall u rgy means ”electroplating by material . The o f i f o r rational classiﬁcation th s grou p is the plating material . is

2 m . u u gold plating , 1 eaning g old The s bordinate classiﬁcation wo ld be 2 m —2 2 u m by the su bstance plated and , 2 eaning silver, wo ld ean plating o f silver with gold . With these conventions the code can serve n u mero u s p u rposes ; and

f u f a properties , objects , or processes can alike be classiﬁed or o nd with c ilit y. ' The order o f precedence o f the symbols in arranging the cards is

00 O 1 2 . i u f , , , etc Th s is ill strated by the ollowing

. 1 3

. 1 3 ( 008)

. 1 3 (02 ) Je an — .1 3 2 a in v is io n s

o f th e

vc eoim a ass1 011 .

k General Wor s . h ﬂo o h P s p y. e i i n R l g o .

Soc iology.

P h ilology. i n Natural Sc e c e . fu Us e l A rts .

Fine A rts . L i e e t ratur .

History.

c n . 6 fu . Natural S ie c e . Use l A rts M MA E D E I E . MA THE TICS . C N

M . A STRO NO Y ENGI NEERING .

P HYSICS . A GRICU LTU RE . M M C HE ISTRY. DO ESTIC E CONOMY.

. CO MM NI CA T I N C MM R GEO LO GY U O O E CE .

N . H M PA L E O TO LO GY C E ICA L TECHNOLO GY.

M N F . BIO LOGY . A U ACTU RES

M A A . BOTA NY. ECH NIC TR DES D ZO O LOGY . BU IL ING . 54 M S 53 PHYSICS . CHE I TRY.

i- h an . F h t a h m Mec i cs T eore i c l c e is t ry. S N i u id . d au i c [ a a and x r i L q s Hy r l s . Pr ct i c l e pe

. u Gas es P ne mat ics . ment al ch emi s t ry .

So u nd . A c c o u s t ic s . w A nalys is . s ﬁ . i u a it i i Ligh t Opt i cs . Q l at ve analys s . w u an a H eat . Q t it t i ve analys i s . z t . c n anic ch mi Elect ri ci y I org e s t ry.

n t m. q an h m Mag e is Org ic c e is t ry.

h . t Molecu lar p ys ics w Crys allograph y . o n c Mi eralogy.

N . 6 6 C M CA N 6 2 ENGINE ERI G H E I L TECH O LO GY.

6 6 1 h n f h m . Me ch ani cal engine ering. Te c ology o c e icals

2 . Mi ning 6 6 Pyrot ech ni cs E x plos i ves .

n . c . Milit ary 6 6 3 Beverages . Wi es E t

f 6 6 4 F . u a t a ch . E t . Bri dge roo oods S g r . S r c

6 6 . n . Road 85 railro ad 5 Ligh t s Gas . Oi l . Ca dles

6 66 . . a Canal Ceramics Glas s Cl y.

Ri ver h arbor Cement .

- an t 6 6 7 ach i n . in . nk . W at er work s . S i ary Ble g Dye g I s 6 6 h h engi ne ering. 8 Ot er organi c c emi cal n u Ot h e r branch es o f engi i d s t ri es .

6 6 9 M u . A s a n . ne ering . e t all rgy s yi g S s l c a t io n

us ed fo r

53 P HYSICS

. i h t i c 5 L g t . O p s .

5 a a n d t h 2 Prop g t io an Veloci y o f Lig t .

2 ul 5 5 Co r pus c ar r adi at i o ns . R adi o act ivit y. 54 1 1 5 (See also [ ] Radiochemi str y .)

- . m Ul tra g aseo u s states Radiant aterial . I ) 1 Theories o f corp u scu lar radiations and radioactivity 2 Laws o f corp u scu lar radiations Density law 3 o f u Produ cti on the rays . Ca ses Physical and chemical action s on 31 Natu ral sou rces 31 5 di mi Ra oactive che cals . General considerations

2 o f m m n Disintegration ele ents . E a ation 31 6 Radioactive inorganic chemical s 242 R a di o t e llu r iu m f o r um . ( present see poloni ) 432 u m . R adi 2 Radi u m emanation m 7 u m. a u m . Urani Ur ni e anation X E m 1 u m . u m . 84 Thori Thori . anation 842 Actini u m E mani um) 8 u m 7 Poloni . 8 1 9 Vario u s natu ral sou rces m Waterfalls . At osphere 33 Physical ca u ses an d sou rces 34 Ch emical cau ses and sou rces 4 ff o f . Propert ies and e ects the radiations 41 . General

1 ) In c o nt r a dis t in e t io n to vibratory etheric radiations .

1 6 54 CHE MISTRY (cont inu ed) Hypotheses Mathematical dedu ctions

Relationships . Proportions Empirical laws and f o r mu l as mu m f m For lae . General . (Che . or . see Constants o f fo r mu l ae Exceptions Calcu lations Cau ses and pro du ction o f phenomena

Physical cau ses (S ubd . as

u Chemical ca ses (Su b d . as Inﬂu ences on the produ ction o f the phenomenon Inﬂu ences o f imp u rities

ff o f Proper t ies , actions and e ects the phenomenon or materi al

Physical properties and eff ects (Su b d . as m ff Che ical properties and e ects (S u bd . as Biological properties and eff ects Inﬂu ences on the actions or e ﬁ e c t s o f the phenomenon Secondary reactions and eff ects

M u m . M . . eas re ents ethods Proced u re Instru ments . Data Qu alitative or relative meas u rements General Physical methods Mechanical methods Sonorou s Lu minou s Thermal Electric Magnetic Molecu lar Chemical methods Physico - chemical methods Thermochemical method s Electrochemical methods Chemic - analytic methods With special inorg anic s u bstances organic Biological methods

Qu antitative or absolu te methods (S u bd . as Measu rements o f types o f the phenomenon f o r m (Special s u bd . each pheno enon) Instru ments Calibration and constancy o f instru ments Procedu re Inﬂu ences affecting observation an d registration o f the phe n o me n o n 1 Mechanical 2 Liqu id 3 G aseou s 54 M CH E ISTRY (cont i nu ed) . G Tab u lated Data . raphics 1 1 2 Liqu ids 1 Theory o f liqu ids and o f liqu id phenomena

m u u o Co position , str ct re f liq u ids 2 Laws o f liqu ids 3 Cau ses o f phenomena in liqu ids

33 Physical properties and cau ses (s u bd . as

34 u 54 Chemical properties and cau ses (s bd . as )

4 o f u Properties , actions and eff ects liq ids 43 Physical properties and eff ects o f liqu ids

436 Melting - point and boiling - point lowering 1 1 3 Gas e s 1 1 4 So l u ti o n 1 G eneral 2 m ff ff Os ose (cau se) . Di u sion (e ect) 2 1 General

22 m . m . m u m m . s Os ose Os otic press re Endos osis . Exos osis Pla olysis 224 Properties and eff ects o f osmotic press ure 25 Diff u sion (see also 1 8)

ff u . m u . Slow di sion A orpho s In colloids . ff u . l Rapid di sion Crystalline . In crystal oids

3 . . Dissolving and solu tion General e )

31 o f u . Theories sol tion .

K . inetic theory o f solu tion Hydrate theory . Dissociation theory ’ . 2 f u o Ho ﬂ . 3 m . o u f t Ter inology Laws sol tion . Sol tion laws van , etc

332 u u . Sol tion press re Tension series

4 u o f . Dissolving and sol tion gases

41 o f a o . Dissolving g s (standpoint f solu te) 42 o f . Dissolving gas in ga s

43 n u . i liq id 44 . in solid

45 u o f as o f . Sol tion g (standpoint solvent) 46 u as . Sol tion in g 47 o f u . liq id in 48 o f s . olid in

. 5 o u d Dissolving and solu tion f liqu ids ( s b iv . as

. 6 b as o f s olids (s u div. 7 o f . Properties solu tions (Each property to receive a fﬁxes with dash f o r the chemicals e n tering into consideration . — ) 2 By solu tes 3 Inorganic s olu tes 32 f o r u 6 inorganic solvents (su bd . sol t es as ) 36 6 5, organic solvents as )

“ “ u u 2) Sol bility is here considered actively as a phenomenon . Sol tion “ “ u o f o f is sed as the act absorbing . Disso lving is u sed as the act being absorbed . 54 CHEMISTRY (cont inu ed) — 4 Organic sol u tes

42 f o r s o u e 7 inorganic solvents (su bd . l t s as ) 46 organic solvents as 7) —5 By solvents 6 Water as solvent 6 2 Inorganic solu te s 66 Organic 7 Inorganic s olvents 7 2 n Inorganic s ol u te s (s u bd . fo r s o lve ts as 6 ) 7 6 Organic as 6 ) 8 Organic solvents 82 In o r g anic 86 Organic 7 1 e . D nsity Speciﬁc gravity etc . o f solu tion s

.7 2 r e s u . u ar t P s res Vapor press res . P i al pre s s u r e s 7 24 . Vis c o sity 7 3 m f 3 . u Che ical a ﬁnity (S bd . as 1 )

74 D s c ati o f s u n . r . i so i on ol tio s G ene al 744 H r . yd olytic dissociation . By s olu tio n 7 45 u m u o f . L ino s dissociation s olu tion s 746 r ma . The l

. 7 47 e c r i tr t c n o f s o u n El t c, Elec oly i dissociatio l tio s (Se e als o c e o f u o .7 7 Elec tr i properti s s ol ti ns o o u e c ima a h o n h .8 Sp e c i al s lu ti ns (S bd . d lly s s w with d as un de r ( Se e als o 1 8 Sol u bility) 89 o io s . S lu t n typ e m 91 a s u n . E u s . i n .8 Colloid l ol tio s l ions Po s tive and e gative c o ll oids 92 u s s u o s .8 G elatino ol ti n n o n .898 Sus pe si s d h mi 1 1 5 P h o t o c h e mis t r y . Ra io c e s t r y ls o 53 525 u s c u ar r a ia ns (Se e a [ ] , Corp l d tio ) 1 1 6 T h e r mo c h e mis t r y

- n . ne o u n e n e r . He at t o ne . E n Energy tr a sf ormations Fre e e rgy . B d gy

o h r mic an e x o m r e ac t n s . e a i n at s . r m io n h e a d t e d ther i c io R ct o he Fo at ts .

e r mo n u a . o m u s io h ats . o Neu t raliz ation heats . Th e tr lity C b t n e Dis s c ia m r a a u e s . a ti n t m r a r tion and ionization he ts . Te pe t r Re c o e pe tu e s . n n x n Tempe ratu res o f redu c tio a d o yd atio .

1 1 7 E l e c t r o c h e mls t r y

. 1 Ge ner al / ' i JI T h e o r y o f c hemic-e l e ctr ic e ne r gy t r ansfo r matio n 1 2 e r m n an d a s o f e c o c h e mis t r . T inology , U its L w el tr y r a an ma e ti u nit o l s . e o t ic d e l t r o n . 1 22 Te r min ogy . U nit El ct s t e c g c s

a s o f m r . 1 23 L w electroche ist y a o f s au n v o n H mh z o u o m L ws Gibb , Br , el olt , C l b m u m n E lectrochemica l eas re ents . Ge e ral

o a and t a m s o n o f e l e c t r c s e e al s o 6 21 3 1 5 .2 Pr p ag tion r ns is i i ity ( ( 1 ) (See als o Trans mis s i o n in gas e s ) 54 CHE MI ST R Y (cont inu ed) R m’ es istivity . Oh s law 22 1 o f . Theory resistivi ty 222 m o f Ter inology , Units and Laws resistivity ’ 3 La ws . Ohm s law 223 Produ ction and cau ses o f resistivity

3 u . Physical ca ses 86 Thermal cau ses 4 Chemical cau ses 2 ff o f . 2 4 Actions and e ects resistivity m o M u m 225 M s u f . u . ea re ent res istivity ethods , Instr ents , Proced re 2 2 u f o r u . 7 Apparat s resistivity st dy (Apparatu s f o r measu rement u nder

u o f m Cond ctors two or three di ensions . Resistance (See also

u m u m u m u Copper, iron , al in and sodi cond ctors . 2 2 o . 3 Laws f cu rrent transmission in condu ctors o f t wo or thre e

mu dimension s . For lae 238 Varia 2 Resistivity o f special s u bstances o f the ﬁrst class 3 second class (see also u 06 6 07 (S bd . as ; as 7 ) 239 o . Applications f resistivity Ho t - wire and platinu m resistance thermometers 24 . Resistors and Dielectrics 241 . Resistors 244 m M u . u . Co po nd resistors ixt res

Dielectrics . (See also

. 248 u M u Compo nd dielectrics . ixt res 25 . Transmission in mu ltiple and complex circu its .

. 26 m m Electrother al transfor ations . General ‘ 37 o f Electrothermics . Produ ction heat by the cu rrent ’ 27 2 o f m . J u Laws electrother ics o le, s law 27 8 Varia 7 Peltier effect 28 m f m Ther oelectricity . Electricity ro heat 288 Varia o f t h e r mo e l e c t r ie ity 2 Speciﬁc thermoelectromotive f orces o f co u ples 5 . Thermoelectric cells and piles 59 Uses o f thermoelectric cell s 7 m ff . Tho son e ect 3 Ionization , Dissociation (see also f o r solu tions ; f o r g ases) 3 53 . 1 General (Disintegration o f elements see [ 1

32 BY u . . Ionization (Ca ses) Dissociating power 33 O F ff . Dissociation (E ects) Inﬂu ences on dissociation

O f solvent ; o f temperatu re ; o f light ; etc . 54 CHEMI STRY (cont inu ed)

. u . I o n an ds . Ions Corp scles Electrons . Anions . Cat h io n s (From chemical standpoint see 1 2) s ff o Propertie and e ects f ions etc . 3 Physical proper ties and eff ects u e ve m Absol te and r lati igration velocities . Charges . 4 Chemic al properties and eff e cts m M . n Co position Stru ctu re . ag itu de

m o .37 Io nic tran s ission f electricity . 1 ) (From st andpoint o f ion s ; f o r electric standpoint see electrolys is) ’ .37 1 o H f r f m . s Theo ies ionic trans ission ittor theory . 37 2 o f . Laws ionic transmission 3 3 u . 7 Prod ction and cau ses o f ioni c transmis sion

.8 u ff m s f i i n Inﬂ ences a ecting ioni c trans i sion . Ionic r ct o 7 o f m .3 8 Var ia ionic trans ission 2 T a f c . r ns eren e numbers

. 8 D is s o c iant s

o n .4 Ele c tr lys is and Polar iz atio 42 n u St u di e d as me n n a R s i . Co d ctivity ( pheno o ) (See lso esi t vity)

. 422 o f u . u l s o f R u do l h i e t c Laws cond ctivity Dil tion aw Ostwald , p , . 423 u an d u o f o u . Prod ction ca ses c nd ctivity

8 n u s u . O f s s u o I ﬂ ence on cond ctivity pre re , dilu ti n , te mperat u re 5 u m o f an .42 Meas re ent c ondu c t ivity d c ondu ct ance s n Me thods . Pro c edu re . In tru me ts 2 u a e m h s . Q litativ et od

.4 Qu antitativ e methods

u e an d a r n a i - Cons tant, ind c d lte t ng c u r r e nt me th o ds

.7 ns r u m s f o r c u m u me n I t ent ond ctivity eas re ts . Condu ctivity ve ssels 7 8 a n an d c n s n c o f ins ume n s . C libratio o ta y tr t f o r m s u m o f n 8 Pr ocedu re ea re ent c o du c tivity . Stan dard s o lu tion s m a a n Te per ture control . Prep ratio and dilu t ion o f s o lu ti o ns 88 Inﬂu ence s aff ecting me as u rement r o n . 42? App aratu s f o stu dy f c o du ctivity n .428 Vari a o f co du ctivity 2 u o f m n ff n . Cond ctivity att e r i di e r e t s tate s 22 I n liqu id s tates

.23 I n s olu ti on s t ate s 28 I n f u s e d s tates o u t .4 Typ e s f cond c ivit y (By c au s e s ( acting o n) ; by e ﬂ e c ts (pr o du c e d by))

Molecu l ar c o ndu c t iviti e s . Equ ival e nt c on du c tivities at inﬁnite dilu ti o n Is ohydric With ﬂowing ele c tro lyte With r otating e le c t rode

H e io ns e c t r o n s an d c r us e s ar e s u i o h 1 ) er le , o p cl t d ed t ge t e r . 54 CHEMI STRY (cont i nu ed)

Condu ctivity o f special liqu ids and sol u tions (Stu died as a property) Condu ctivities o f liqui ds

Condu ctivities o f special solu tions . General

u u O f f u O f colloidal and gelatino s sol tions . sed solu tions . Condu ctivities o f aqu eo u s solu tions Condu ctivities o f solu tions with inorganic solvents ima as 6 f o r (Su bd . dec lly solvent) 06 6 07 7 f o r u (S u bd . with as ; with as sol tes) Co ndu ctivities o f sol u tions with organic solvents 7 f o r (Su bd . decimally as solvent) 06 6 07 7 fo r u (Su bd . with as ; with as sol tes) Condu ctivities o f s olu tion s with i norg anic solu tes

u d ima f o r s u e s 6 (S bd . ec lly ol t as ) Cond u ctivities o f solu tion s with organic s ol u tes mall f o r s u as 7 (S u b d . deci y ol tes ) C o ndu ctivities o f fu s e d s u bstan ces Othe r condu ctivities O f gases (s e e also Ele c trochemical phenomen a in gases) O f mixe d s o lu tions H s u a s . as m .44 E lectrolysis . Electrolyte ( ere t died pheno eno n . ) (Fo r ele c t rolysis a s a metho d o f p r oduc tion s e e 283) The ory o f e lectrolys is L aws o f electr olys i s Produ ction and c au s e s o f electr olys is In flu enc e s o n p r o du cti o n o f electrolys i s Ac ti ons and e ff ec ts o f electr olysis 3 h s r r s an d e ff e s . P y ical p ope tie ct 4 h mi l . C e ca o ns c i s e e r e e tr I rea t ng with olv nt, el ct olyt , lec ode de c omposing t o f or m n e w produ c t s 43 r s o n . Co ro i 8 Influ ence s o n ac ti on s o r e ff e c ts o f electr o lys is n u n s o f c u r e n - e n t e r e r at ur e a itio n I fl e ce r t d sity, p , dd al s olvent s w 9 n a ac o s o r e ff e s o f e i Se co d ry ti n ct le c tr olys s . Yie ld

r f o r u o f r .44? App a at u s s t dy e le c t oly s is

a o f l tr s s .448 Var i e ec oly i 2 E l e c tr olysis in di ff ere nt s tat e s o f matte r

.22 in liqu id s tates o f matte r 23 in s u i n t a o a . ol t o s t e s f m tte r 28 in fu s at o f . ed s t e s matte r 4 e s o f e c r o . Typ el t lys is 42 c au s e s . By Var ious typ e s

. . e e c tr is 65 A C l olys (s e e al s o 1 1 3 . 7 ) Ra dio active e lectr o lys is In dir e ct e l e c tr olys is 54 CHEMISTRY (cont inu ed)

By eff ects Electroplating ff u By e ects . Vario s typ es

- Cataphoresis . Mechanic electric transmission o f p article s M etal clou ds 492 Contra electrolysis 8 s Electrolytes . Anolytes . Catholyte

Abnormal electrolytes . Fu sed electrolytes

45 Decomposition valu es or voltages . (Stu died as a phenomen o n) 45 1 Theory o f decomposition valu es 52 o f m .4 Laws deco position valu es 453 Cau ses o f decomposition val u es 8 Inﬂu ences on decomposition valu es 454 Inﬂu ences and eff ects o f decomposition valu es 455 M easu rement o f decompo s ition valu e s M u u m ethods . Proced re , Instr ents 457 Apparatu s f o r stu dy o f decomposition valu es 458 Varia concerning decomposition valu es m 7 Electrode pheno ena . Overvoltage . Deionizing 46 Decomposition val u es st u died as a property

6 6 . 7 7 (S u bd . . as ; as )

47 Polarization . Depolarizing 473 Produ ction and cau ses o f p olarization Polarization by solids ( Resistance)

Polarization by liqu ids . (Exhau stion)

u Polarization by gases . (Ins lation) Occlu sions u l 47 4 Eff ects o f polarization . Co nter e ectromotive f orce 478 Varia o f polarization

f - . h n n a Passivity Sel polarization , Electrocapillary p e e me 8 Depolarizers

u u m Gaseo s , liq id , solid , and echanical depolarizers 5 Ch e mic e l e c t r o mo t iv e f orce o f c h e mic e l e c t r o mo t ive f . 51 Theories orce Contact and chemical theories

h r 2 u o f c e mic e l e c t o mo tive f . . . 5 Laws and calc lation orce and P D 53 Cau ses and produ ction o f c h e mic e l e c t r o mo t ive force 533 Physical cau ses o f c h e mic e l e c t r o mo t ive f orce - M . m m . . . f . 1 Non che ical E . F and P D ro solids Co n c e nt at io n elements with sol u ble and insolu ble salts o f the

f n m . t etal Trans ormation e l e me s . “ 2 “ Liqu id elements

u ff u u ff Osmotic press re e ects . Sol tion press re e ects

- M m . f m . 3 Non che ical E . . F and P . D . ro g ases 534 Chemical prod u ction o f c h e mic e l e c t r o mo t ive f orce Chemical cells (See also (Here only stu died where ' r o r s s r r s n nr s r na s s c s or nas c r a o zu o r r vs r o a c s receives primary

or novel treatment . )

54 CHEMISTRY (cont inu ed)

Laws o f accu mu lator action Cau ses and produ ction o f accu mu lator action Inﬂ u ences affecting accu mu lator action Properties and action o f accu mu lat o rs Physical properties

Electrical properties . Capacity Secondary actions in accu mu lator s 5 Measu rements 6 5 8 Varia o f accu mu lators

6 6 o f m Types accu u lators (S u b d . as 6 8 Photoele c tric phenomena ff u m u . L ino s e ects on electricity Seleniu m cells . Electrical actino

’ H ff . m . i o f eters allwach s e ect Tir ng electrode su rf aces . Electric rotation o f plane o f polarized light 7 Electrochemical phenomena in gases (See also Cond u ctivity o f gases) 7 2 u Discharge thro gh gases and vapors . General (Inclu des arcing in liqu ids)

7 2 1 . m o u . f u Theory No enclat re , etc discharge thro gh gases 7 22 Laws o f discharg e and transmission thro u gh g ases

7 23 Ionization . Electriﬁcation . Ions 1 Theory o f ionization 2 Laws o f ionization

3 u o f m . Prod ction ionization by e anation , by electric stress, by heat Eff ects o f ionization m m 2 . u . 4 Ions Corp scles Ion charges , asses and volu es . Radiant ions ' 8 Influ ences on discharge thro u gh gases Radioactive infl u ences 8 8 Magnetic influ ences Properties an d effect s o f discharge thro u gh g ases ' Physical properties and eff ects o f dis c h ar ge s

du P u nctu ring and penetration o f material . Rapidity and ration o f discharges Electric character o f discharge m ff o m Che ical properties and e ects f discharges . Che ical de '

m . co position . Polar (see also electrolysis) Indirect or non

polar (i . e . same produ ct at both electrodes ; thermal action o f the cu rrent) Variou s eff ects on discharge thro ugh gases Satu ration cu rrents M easu rement o f discharge throu gh gases Chemical methods Radiation metho ds Electrical u a Apparat s , general and accessory f o r discharge thro u gh g ses

Discharge thro ugh gases . Varia 54 CHEMISTRY (cont i nu ed)

m r ar iﬁ e d Electri c vacu u m pheno mena . Electric pheno ena in g ases

O f u . Theory , etc . Geissler t bes , etc Special considerations 1 Electrod e less discharge 7 4 Types o f discharge th ro u gh gases o f 7 42 Silent discharg e . Dissipation charges m ’ o f 7 43 Glow discharges . St . El o s ﬁre ( No coloring discharge path except at electrode) Bru sh discharg e (Discharg e path colored) (See also vacu u m discharge phenomena) Spark discharge ( Brill ant white discharg e)

Disru ptive discharg e . ( Constant spark)

Flame discharge . The electric arc . ( Constant heavy spark dis charge) Actions and eff ects o f the electric arc ff ff Chemical actions and e ects . Electrode e ects

r Applications o f the arc . Arc spect a O f u fr m Discharge into g ases . ions or corp scles o b odies Electrochemical phenomena in special gases

u . . 6 6 7 7 (S bd as ; . as ) 7 7 Electrochemical phenomena in the atmosphere Air electriﬁcation 8 Vario u s electrochemical considerations 8 1 Pyro and piezo - electricity 8 1 1 P ym - electricity

Pyro - electric constants Piezo - electricity

8 Piezo - electric constants 1 1 8 Mag net o chemi s t ry 1 1 9 Ph ys ical chemis t r y o f s olids

M elting - points 2 m n 1 At omic t h eory. Co p o s it io M u m . m u m M u . Che ical eq ivalents . Ato s . olec les Ato ic weight olec lar

m m u u m o I o n an ds . weight . Ato ic and olec lar vol e . I ns . 1 3 h m C emi c al afﬁni t y . Ch e ical act i vit y 1 31 Gener al M ~ Eff ects o f composition and constit u tion on chemical action . eas u r e me n t o f chemical activity 1 32 Mas s act ion 1 33 C mi mi he cal dyna cs . Chemi c al re acti o n s m u o f . Te perat res reaction Neu tralization heats . Reaction velocity

H m u M . o ogeneo s reactions . ono bi and tri molecu lar reactions

Catalysis . Catalyzers . Poisoner s . ( Catalytic processes see H ydrolysis . Side and co u nter reactions . Heterog eneo u s reactions 1 34 Ch emic al equ ilibri u m 1 35 Pha s e r u le . Critic al point s f m Trans or ation temperat u res and velocities . 54 CH E MISTRY (cont i nu ed)

1 36 E q uilibr iu m i n s o lu t io ns . (See als o 1 1 4 Solu tion) m u s i n T h e r mal di i n . 1 38 Co b t o . s s o c iat o (Se e als o 29 Oxidation)

1 4 Salt s . Acids . B as es . H ydrates . Anhydrides . Alloys . Oxides

. u . B s Origin So rce . Acidity a icity 1 5 Types

M u i a s olec lar types . Variet es . V lencie 1 6 Compou n d radi cles

u m Theoretical chemical str ctu re . Stereoche istr y 7 m 1 l r i . i A lot opy. Is o er s m Tau t omer s m. Polymeris m

1 8 ubi it at o f c s t al izat i n s o f s u i i Sol l y . W er ry l o Degree ol b l t y (See also 1 1 4 So lu tion) T h e c o i i n r a o f s u i ( nd t o , prope ty or st te ol t on g o e s he re ) 9 ﬁ l 1 C as s i cat i n P i dic a . N m nc at u . N t at i n . Fo l o . er o w o e l re o o r mu l h i m t ae . St oic o e ry 2 Prac t i cal and E xperiment al Ch e mis t ry 2 1 L abor at ory 2 n 2 App arat u s and man ipu l at ion . Ge eral r o f m Ac cessory mate ial . Preparation aterial M r i . Sit t in . s . s e s . e s e ls . u r P ulve r izing . T tu ration g ortar Pe tl V s S ppo ts.

u . . Bottles . T bing Etc

2 n e m n 21 Manipul at io ns . Ar r a g e t s iﬁ 23 W eigh in g an d Meas ur ing. Spec c gravit y

m . e r m s Ballances . Pykno eters A o eter 24 in a h s is till at i n H eat g. B t . D o 245 Indir e c t h e at ing

. 7 E l e c t r ic h eat ing Electric radiators and s tove s (Se e also 282 Electrothermic apparatus and manipu lation) 25 Blo wpipin g

n S u t io n . P ci it at i n 26 Aq u eou s t reat me t . ol re p o

c r . u n Dialysis . Con ent ation Dil tio 2 7 Gas manipu lat ion (See also 57 E u diometry) 28 Electric app arat u s an d manipu lat io n 281 Ge ner al

u f n . u e s o f u r nt l o s s Yield . C rrent e ﬁcie cy So rc c re s a o f u s Secondary reaction . C pacity apparat 28 2 E le c t r o t h e r mic appar at u s and manipu lat io n (See alse Electric heating)

e ne r al 28 3 E l e c t r o lys is . E le c t r ic s ynt h e s is . G B Special -properties o f a pparatu s and p r oce s s

u e s . .4 Types o f apparat s and proc s a o f a a a u s .4 Classi fication by ch ra c ter pp r t 54 CHEMIST RY (co ntinu ed) Diaphragm processes Non - diaphragm processes Classification by natu re and f u nction o f solu tion With aqu eo u s sol u tions non - aqu eou s sol u tions fu sed electrolyte Varia Gravity processes Classification by electrode f u nction With sol u ble anode insolu ble anode Classification by character o f electricity Classification by voltage types 46 2 . Constant voltage types 6 3 H . 4 igh voltage types 46 6 . Depolarization types 46 . 7 Polarization types 4 7 u . Classification by c rrent types 4 2 u . 7 Constant c rrent types

4 3 H u . 7 eavy c rrent types

u u . 474 Interr pted c rrent types 48 u . Vario s 481 M u m . erc ry trans ission types 5 . Reactions m 7 Apparatu s . Co ponent and accessory

(Su bd . in g eneral as

Vessels . Receivers . Vats . Trou ghs .

J . . . ars Lids Stoppers and seals Taps and vents .

H - Lining s and casings . and grips E lectrodes and attachments m Grids . Pastes . Che icals . Binders

- u f m u . S pporting ra es . Ins lators Racks P l at inum P ar a Electrode Types Plate , Disc, Spiral, Netting, , M u m u . sitie , Revolvable , Series , ltiple , Co po nd Filter M m . . m . u Diaphrag s e branes . Partitions Sacks Poro s cells

Special electrolytes . Depolarizers

- m . m . Connections . Binding posts . Ter inal s Cla ps

u . . Circ u lators . Cond its Piping Feeders Regu lators

O f u u n d m u s pply , discharg e , c rrent a te perat re 7 8 Special measu ring instruments

7 9 u . a Other apparat s Scoops , Collecter . Sieves .

8 Varia . Polarity testing . Polarity paper

o f fo 9 Electric synthesis . General (Speciﬁc types synthesis are to rn s u bgro u ps o f the electrolytic processes) 2 84 E l e c t r o lys is wit h f u s io n 285 E l ec t r o l ys is o f s o l u t io n s 54 M R c i n CHE IST Y ( ont u ed) .

286 Vari o u s elect r o lytic pr oces s es and a pp ar at u s

H u A toelectrolytic processes . Internal electrolytic processes O I Indirect and secondary electrolytic processes D O Colloidal processes

Y O Alternating cu rrent electrolytic processes O C Electroplating processes ( See also 87 7) 28 7 Sp ar k and br u s h di s char g e app a r at u s and manipu lat io n 2 . Spark discharg e processes 5 Bru sh 288 Acces s o r y appar at us (non - electric) 289 O t her e l e c t i ic p r o ce s s e s 1 Catalytic processes (Catalysis see 1 33)

2 9 O t h er ch emical O per at io n s

u Oxydations . Red ctions . Ag ents 294 Sep ar at i o ns 2 Precipitation o f a chemical from mixtu res 3 Separation o f elements from compo u nds 2 8 497 53 Electric separations (See , and )

295 m u r u fi I p it ies . P r i cation 296 Imp u r it ie s 297 Pu r ificat io n 1 8 Sterilization 5 Chemical p u rification 6 Thermal 7 Elect rical

3 A nalys is 1 ) (Se e also and

o f M u Analysis Food , ilk , Water, Dr gs , Rocks 4 Q ualit at i ve Analys i s

um Wet, Dry , Blowpipe , Gas , Dialysis , Spectr , Polariscopic, Mic r o s c O pi c analysis 49 Var iou s met h ods 497 E lectr i c met hods 5 Q uant at ive Ana lys i s G m u m u ravi etric , Wet, Electrolytic , Dry , Vol etric , Sol tion , u m m Gas (E dio etry) , and Colori etric analysis 53 Ele c t r ic met h od s o f q u an t it at i ve an alys is Constant potential and constant cu rrent methods

59 Sy nt h es is 3 97 E lect ric synthes is ( For electric syntheses o f special s u bstances see

1 ) Use this n umber f o r all general considerations o f analysis 54 C HE MISTRY (cont i nu ed) 6 Inorgani c Ch emis try m u fo r m f Each ele ent, in the s bdivision reserved the ele ent itsel , is to be su bdivided as f ollows 1 Solid f orms o f the element 0 1 Crystalline forms o f the element 3 0 Amorphou s f orms o f the e l e me nt 5 f m o f m 0 Colloidal or the ele ent

1 0 Liqu id forms o f the element 8 Gaseo u s f orms o f the eleme nt 91 Disintegrations from the element ‘ A fﬁx e s o f Symbol s f o r I no r gani c Compou nd s )

1 1 3 Hydrides 228 Complex s u lphu r compo u nd s

H . . 8 0 1 m 1 1 5 Hydroxides. ydrates (e g co po u nds) 1 22 Halog en compo u nds 283 Selenides 1 32 Chlorine compo u nds 235 Selenates 1 33 Chlorides Tellu rates 26 2 m H . C u . 1 34 Ch lorites . ypochlorites arbon co po nds 263 O x yc h l o r ide s . Carbides 26 5 1 35 Chlorates . Carbonates 1 36 Pe rchlorates P e r c ar b o n at e s u 2 1 42 Bromine compo nds . Bicarbonates 27 2 m 1 43 Bromides . Boron co po u nds 27 3 1 45 Bromates . Borides 27 5 1 52 Iodine compo u nd s . Borates 1 53 Iodides 2 8 1 2 Silicon compo u nds 1 55 Iodates 3 Silicides 5 Fl u orine compou nds . Silicates

392 . mm u m 3 Flu orides . A oni compou nds l 1 u m 5 F u o r a t e s . 5 5 Pl bates 6 6 1 7 2 Nitrogen compo u nds . 2 Al u min u m compo u nds 6 6 5 u m 1 7 3 Nitrides . Al inates 1 74 Nitrites Alu ms 3 m 1 7 5 Nitrates . Ultra arines 7 1 5 M 1 82 Phosphoru s compo u nds . ang anates 1 83 Phosphides 7 1 6 1 Permanganates

H . 7 25 1 84 Phosphites . ypophosphites Ferrates 5 7 6 5 m 1 8 Phosphates . Chro ates 1 86 Hypophosphates Bichromates 2 T r i c h r o m Pyrophosphates . ates 1 91 2 Arsenic compo u nds Chrome alu ms 7 7 5 M o l b 3 Arsenides . y dates

H r o ar e n i . 785 4 Arsenites . yd s t e s Tu ngstates 5 Arsenates Uranates 2 1 2 Oxygen compou nds 8 1 5 Stannates 2 1 3 Oxides 855 Vanadates 222 u m 8 6 5 S lphu r co pou nds . Antimonates H 223 u . dr o u l li ide 925 P l at in at e s S lphides y s p s . H 22 4 u . u 97 s S lphites ypos lphites . Org anic alts 225 S u lphates Cyanides

Persu lphates . 5 Cyanates (Complex compou nds are classed u nder the most imp ortant o f its

components . )

1 ) Chemical compou nds are expressed by p r e ﬁx ing the nu mber u nder 6 m m m f o f that sy bolizes the etallic ele ent , to the ollowing list afﬁxes . 54 CHEMISTRY (cont inued)

6 1 Met al loids N o n - met als 658 Me r c u r y 6 1 1 Hydr o gen 6 6 Ce r iu m g r o u p 51 m 6 Water . Stea 6 1 Ytt r iu m 6 1 2 Hal o g en g r o u p 6 62 Cer ium 6 1 3 Ch l o r ine 6 6 3 L ant hanum 61 4 B r o mine 6 6 4 ( D idymiu m) 6 1 5 I o din e P r as e o dym Flu o r ine Ne o dym Nitr o ge n g r o up 6 6 5 (E r biu m) 61 7 Nit r o g e n Yt t e r bium 6 1 8 Ph o s ph o r us T e r biu m A r s enic 6 6 6 Al uminu m 6 2 O xyg en g r o u p 6 6 7 I ndi u m 6 21 O xyg en 6 6 8 Galliu m S ulph u r 6 6 9 O t h er r ar e ear t h me t al s i m 6 23 Selen u .1 Sc andiu m u T ell r i um . 2 Samariu m di . 2 R a o t e ll ur ium .3 D e cipium ar n r u 4 625 C b o g o p . Gado l iniu m 2 r n 6 6 Ca bo .5 Ger manium 6 27 Bo r o n 6 7 Ir o n gr o u p Sili c o n 6 71 Mang ane s e 6 29 Heliu m gr o u p 6 72 Ir o n m 6 73 .1 Heliu Co balt

.2 Ne o n Nick el A r o n 6 75 h r o miu m r .3 g C g o u L 6 .4 K r yp t o n 6 7 Ch r o miu m 6 M d u .5 Xeno n 77 o lyb e n m 6 3 T h e Met als 6 78 Tu ng s t e n 631 Alk ali met al gr o u p U r ani um 6 32 P o t as s i um 6 8 T in g r o u p 6 33 S o di um 681 T in 6 34 Lit hiu m 68 2 Tit aniu m 6 35 Ru bidiu m 6 83 Zir c o nium 6 36 Cae s ium Th o ri u m 2 i 6 39 Ammo ni a . A mmo nium . Act ni u m 6 4 Al k aline ear t h met al gr o u p Vanadi u m g r o u p 6 41 Calci um 6 85 Va nadi um 6 42 St r o nt iu m 6 86 A n t imo ny Bar iu m 6 87 Bis mu t h T t a um .2 Radiu m 6 88 an l 6 4 Magne s ium g r o u p Nio bi u m nu m 2 P o l o niuin 645 Ber ylli um (Gl u c i ) . 6 46 Magne s i u m 6 9 Pl at inu m g r o u p 6 47 Zinc 6 91 Go ld 6 48 Cadmi u m 6 92 Pl at inum 6 5 Lead g r o u p 6 93 Ir idiu m 6 51 Lead O s mium 6 52 Th alli um 6 95 Rut h eniu m g r o u p 6 55 Silve r g r o u p 6 96 Rut henium 6 56 Coppe r 6 97 Rho di u m 6 57 Sil ve r 6 98 P all adium

6 2 E NGlNE E R I NG

6 21 Mech anical E ngi neeri ng Elect ri c al E n gin eer in g

Special An alyt ic Su b di vis ion s fo r E lect r ic al E n gin eer in g (The special afﬁxes f o r electrical eng ineering are f ormed by p r e

03 m u “ u u . u O e ﬁxing . to the ain s bdivisions Th s A contin o sly p “ rated arc f u rnace wo u ld b e or “ ( depending on whet her the primary consideration was arc f u r

“ “ “ nace or continu o u s fu rnace ) 3 . 1 Pr o du ct ion a nd t r ansfo r mat ion o f elect r icit y 31 1 Produ ction . Central stations 31 2 m Generators . Dyna os 1 Direct c u rrent g enerators 1 2 L o w voltag e dyn amos 1 2 7 m H u . l Low voltage dynamos . eavy c rrent types Electroche ica types 31 3 M otors

31 4 f m . u Trans or ers . Converters Ind ction coils 6 Static converters

6 u 2 Liq u id converters . Al min u m cells (See also and M 6 . 3 u . u u Gaseo s converters Rectiﬁers erc ry vapor t bes . Use (For manu factu re see also 8 Condensers 87 Electrolytic condensers 31 5 Transmission o f electricity ( See also [54] 2 Undergrou nd transmission 27 Inﬂ u ences aff ecting u ndergro u nd transmission Electrolysis du e to (See also

5 u u m u m : u m . Cond ctors . Copper ; iron ; al in sodi Special greases , etc (See also (541 1 1 7 23) D O Ins u lators . Dielectrics

f o r u Ins u lators f o r condu ctors . Ins u lators s pport

u m u Dielectric material . Ins lation co po nds ( See also and Properties o f insu lators

Dielectric constants . Electrostatic rigi dity

31 u m m M u f u u s e 7 Electric instr ents and eters . an act re and (See also Electrochemical instr u ments and meters) General Resistance meters mm Wheatstone bridges . Resistance boxes . Oh eters m m . 3 m m . Potential eters . Voltage eters Electro eters Volt eters 4 m C u rrent meters . Intensity eters

37 7 m - u m m u m m 8 . A meters . Co lo b eters (see also ) ; A pere ho r eters

r o m Q u antity meters . Power meters . Watt eters 8 Types o f meters 6 21 Mech ani cal Engineeri ng (cont i nu ed)

Recording meters . Time recording meters Recording electric thermometers 8 23 Recording voltmeters 83 Prepayment meters

32 E l t r ic i h t i E l r i Ra ia n . ec L g ng , ect c d t io 325 Arc lamps i 8 m m . Co posite electrode arcs . Fla ng arcs . Electrolytic arcs Carbide , m M u m Bre er, agnetite , Titani oxide arcs 326 Incandescent lamps M u f u m m . . m . . 1 Carbon fila ent la ps Description Ele ents an act re 1 9 Special carbon filament t ypes 1 92 B u lbs charged with g ases 4 Non - carb on filament lamps u m m u m m 1 M m m . m u 4 etal fila ent la ps Platin , Os i , Tantal la ps 5 Glowers o f second class condu ctors 52 Carbide filament lamps

H . 53 m m m . G . . Oxide ﬁla ent la ps . Nernst la ps lowers Ballasts eaters Apparat u s f o r manu factu re 2 m .3 7 Other electric la ps 3 Flu orescent lamps 32 Mercu ry vapor lamps (See also Electr ochemical phenomena in gases)

328 H m r Static convert ers . ewett ercu y converters 4 Lamps f o r special radiations

f o u m u u u Manu act u re f vacu tu bes , Crookes t bes and Bra n t bes H m ard tu bes and soft tu bes . Radio eters

.38 E l ec t r ic t r ac t i o n 332 Transmission o f electricity 6 Electrolytic action in the vicinity o f tracks (See also u m .335 Electric locomotives . Electric a to obil es

M . m . i t a . u . u u otors . Tr cks Controllers Acc lators Charg ng s tions Bat

t e r o f umu . y testers . (See also Transportable types acc lators )

. 34 Tr ans mis s io n o f E l ec t r ic Fo r c e Mechanical applications

. 35 Ch e mic e l e c t r i c ity (See also [54] 3 5 1 Primary and secondary cells . General

. 3 Technical prop e rties o f cells

31 Mechanical propert ies o f cells . Weight 32 Voltage properties o f cells

322 . M . o f . E F . cells

323 . M . . o f . z . C . E F cells Polari ation

o f . a . 33 Resistance cells Inner resist nce o f l . 34 O u tp u t properties cel s 3 452 Capacity o f cells 343 o f . Dis c harge rate cells o f . 344 Du ty , capability cells 6 21 Mech anical E ngi nee r ing (co nt i nue d)

Efﬁciency o f cells

35 u o . D ration properties f cells 352 f o f . Li e cells 354 Cru mbling o f cells 7 C onstitu ent an d accessory apparatu s 7 1 Ves sels

s u . J . . an d . Vat . Tro ghs ars Lids . Stoppers and seals Taps vent s

Linings and casings . Hand grips 7 2 Electrodes and attachments

- f . m . a Grids . Grid ra es P stes Chemicals . Binders

- m . h i Co plete electrodes Electrode types . Rotatable and gh dis

m u f u u f o r charge types . Electrode an act re . Apparat s electrode

m u f u M u . u fr m . u an act re . o lds Presses . S pporting a es Ins lating

. f m a rods . Racks Li ting ech nism 7 3 Diaphragms and partitions

- - m m . M . Sacks . Se i per eable diaphragms embranes Non porou s

u di aphragms . Poro s cells 7 4 Electrolytes . Depolarizers . Packing

7 5 - m n m . . Con ections . Ter inals Binding posts Cla ps

7 6 u Circu lators . Cond its and piping

Liqu id and g as s u pply and discharge . Feeders 7 7 Reg u lating apparatu s O f feed : o f discharge o f pro du cts and by produ cts ; o f cu rrent ;

o f m u . t s s te perat re Special switches , rheosta and heater 7 8 Special measu r ing instru ments

- m . m u m Hydr ometers . Special volt eters A pere ho r et ers 7 9 Other apparatu s

r s Special generato s . Scoops , Sieve

52 o f m u f u 3 Primar y cells . G eneral and Standpoint an act re (See also [54]

1 u . . 351 . General (S b d as )

2 - . Non depolarized cells

3 . . Depolarized cells General (See also Solid depolarizers Oxide an h With manganese dioxide depolarizers . L e Cl c e cells

copper oxide depolarizers . Lalande and Chaperon cells iron oxide Clamond or G aiﬁ e cells 43 Depolarized cells . Carbon depolarizers 48 Special solid

48 1 i m f m u . W th depolarizers ther ally or ed d ring service

5 r . u . Depola ized cells Li q id depolarizers 52 With bichromate depolarizers 53 s u lphate depolarizers

u With copper s lphate . Daniell cells acid depolarizers G u With nitric acid . rove and B nsen cells 6 21 Mech anical E ngi neeri ng (co nt i nu ed) chloride and chlorate depolarizers

6 i . G u a . Depolar zed cells aseo s depol rizers 6 2 . With oxygen 6 3 chlorine

M . 6 7 Depolarized cells . ixed depolarizers Grenet cells 7 h m Wit other depolarizers . With echanical depolarizers

. m f o f .35 3 m o Pri ary cells For ode operation . Standpoint handling 2 Mechanically cl assiﬁed cells

- 22 Light weight types . Transportable typ es 25 M t . ovable elec rode or electrolyte types u n m o .3 Cells classiﬁed by nat re and arra ge ent f electrolyte 3 . 2 D r y cells 34 . Gravity cells 35 l s . Cel classiﬁed electrodes

352 . u s . Batteries Pl nging batterie 38 . Gas cells

. 4 Cel ls classiﬁed by voltag e

t . .42 Constant voltag e ypes (See al s o 43 Hi a . gh volt ge types 435 t . Low voltage ypes 44 . Polarization types h n t W e e lt interru pters . Elec ric valves

A lu minu m cells . Electrolytic condens ers

31 4 6 2 . 37 2 242 (See also . ; ) 45 Cells clas siﬁed by natu re o f c u rr ent 46 Constant cu rrent types 47 H . eavy

.48 Inter ru pted

6 f o r m o . Cells clas siﬁed other ode s f operation

. 6 1 Cells classiﬁed thermally Combu stion cells Fu sed electrolyt e cel ls

6 2 o f . Regenerative types cells 6 8 M l . ag netical y operated cells

8 . H M ul . . Care andling . anip ation

88 m im . . Pheno ena detr ental to cells Creepin g

u . 8 9 Residu e s . Exha sted solu tions Cleansing Recovery and u s e o f residu es and solu ti ons ( See als o

i a o Pr mary cells . St ndpoint f appli cat ions o b u a For scientiﬁc p rposes . St ndard cells (See als o [54 ] m Electr otherapeu tic types o c Cells f o r other appli cati ons

. 91 l s f o r Ce l electroplating . Special typ es

.355 u mu G Acc lators . eneral an d Standpoint o f manu factu re (See also [54] 1 Ge . u . 351 neral (S b d as . ) 6 21 Mech ani cal Engi nee r i ng (continu ed)

Lead accu mu lators u f 3 Nat rally ormed . Plante types A iﬁ iall f 4 r t c m . u . y or ed Fa re types

- .45 Combination types . Plant s Fau re typ e s 48 m . Co plex oxide plates

49 m u mu . Lead ele ent acc lators ’ o 492 Z in l e a d u . o n al . c acc mu lators d A r s v types

493 - . Copper lead

494 m u m- . Cad i lead

5 a u mu . G s acc lators 6 Alk al ine accu mu lators

Edison . Cu p r o n . Lalande typ e s 7 Other types o f accu mu lators Thall i u m

m o f . an n o f 356 Accu mu lators . For ode operation St dpoi t service 2 Me c hanically classiﬁed accu mu lators

- 22 a . . Tr nsportable types Light weight types 335 r u m (See also . , Elect ic a to obiles) 5 M t .2 ovable electr ode or electroly e types Accumul ators clas siﬁed by natu re and arrangement o f electr olyt e

32 umu . Dry acc lators u u di t u .33 Do ble liq id or ad ive voltage accu m lators u mu .34 Ch arg ed electrolyte acc lators

u u a n m o f e . 35 Accum lators classiﬁed by nat re and rra ge ent e l c t ro de s 352 . Batteries m .353 Bipolar electrode accu u lators

4 mu s . Accu lator classiﬁed by voltage r . 45 by cu rent

f o r o . 6 other modes f operat ion With special ch argin g constr u ctions

t f o r . . . Wi h electrolytes A C and D C . Ma u n H l . 8 Care . and ing nip latio

82 Charging and disch arging . General Charge and discharg e curves

83 u mu a 335 u m i n Acc lator ch rging (See also . A to obile charging stat o s)

Methods o f charging . Dynamo an d battery metho ds Ch argin g regu lations and req u irements Phenomena detrimental in charging

- . G as u . Explosions evol tion . Boiling . Over charging

e u u t . R verse charging . C rrent reg lation . Polarity tes s 84 Accu mu lator discharging Regu lations and req u irements

m u Discharge li its . C rrent strength

88 m im r Pheno ena detr ental to accu mu lators . Seconda y reactions

u . u o f a . B ckling P lverizing plates . Crumbli ng . Precipit tion

s h o r t ~ ir Leaka g e . Internal c c u it s . G as . Acidity changes 6 2 1 Mech anical Engineeri ng (cont i nued)

8 u . u u . .35 6 9 Resid es Exha sted sol tions Cleansing Recovery and u s e o f residu es and exhau s ted solu tions 357 a o f u mu . Applic tions acc lators

- c a r . To traction, lig hting , etc

- h mi .358 Light sensitive c e c e l e c t r ic generat o r s

Photoelectric cells . Seleniu m ce lls (See also

nd h . 36 Th er mo e l e c t r i c it y a e l e c t r o t e r mi c s

m n ma 36 1 . f s e . General Trans or ation betwee ther l and lectri c energy

3 h ni l . . Tec ca properties Reactions 3 6 2 m e l e c a u s . Ther o tric cell s and app rat

M o f ma . a 1 Genera l . ethods king j oints (See lso

9 Applications o f thermoelectric cell s . Thermometers

m H i . a Elect rothe r ics . Ele c tric eat ng (See lso 1 G eneral 1 7 G e neral acce s s or y a pparatu s Spe ci al regul ators o f cur rent and temperatu re

o s i Ra di ators . Stove

o t s . m b Receptacles . Po S elters

u . s r u b Utensils . (S bd by con t ctions)

a o f a c ( S u b d. by natur e pplicati on) u til For gases ; liq ids , dis lation ; solids ; cookin g ; me dical and scientiﬁc u ses 7 Apparatu s f e i e i Fo r s oldering, orging, riv t ng , w ld ng 9 Var iou s applications o f e lectr i c heating a n o f ma uf u Fu s e s, Apparatu s . St ndpoi t n act re (See also f u se comp ou nds )

App aratu s f o r electrometal lur gy . Elect ri c fu r n aces Standpoint o f manu factu re (For standpoint o f u s e s e e al so and

. ri r 5 Electr ic f u rnace s (Su b d . by elect c cha acte r)

.5 1 General

A r e f u . e ar c f u n s ar . 52 rnaces Reﬂect d r ace . Series c f ur naces 5 f u n G . 3 Resistance r aces . eneral

54 a f u s . u . Direct resist nce rnace (Charge being the c rre nt car ri er) 5 n i e f ur a e s . 5 I d rect resistanc n c 552 Core being cur rent car r ier 553 ” Lining or jac ket being cu rr ent car rier

k t . l Oxide jac et ypes So id electrolyte jacket types . Carb on tu b e f u rnaces 56 Indu ction fu rn aces — 57 Arc resistance types

6 fu u . a h . Electric rnaces ( S bd by oper tive c aract er an d form) o . 6 2 By character f cu rr ent 6 21 Mech ani cal E ngi neeri ng (conti nu ed)

fu n D . C . r aces . Special types

6 24 . . f u n s . A C r ace

63 o f fu . B y operative character rnace

6 2 u u f u n . 3 Contin o s r aces

6 33 i f ur . Period c naces 64 o f fu . By special g as control rnace

u a Sealed fu rnaces . (Witho t g s pressu re) H 643 m i fu n . a . er et c r aces (With g s pres su re) 6 . 5 By thermal character o f fu rnace 6 52 Regu l atable temperatu re types 6 53 N o n -u nif orm heat di str ibu tion types 6 55 Thermall y aided types . General Externally heated f u rnaces Internally m u f u u . a F rnaces heated by el co b stion (By g s etc . ) Fu rnaces also electrically heated

Electric fu rnaces . Cl assiﬁed by f orm o f fu rnace Fixed types Rotatable types m Co po u nd and triple fu rnaces . Tiered fu rn aces (Parts doing di ff erent work) D u p lex or tandem f u rnaces

u o f t . (Parts doing same work . Pl rality hear hs ) 6 6 6 ft fu Hi fu n . Sha rnaces . gh r aces 6 6 7 u i e t fu . Cr c ble or p rnaces

6 6 9 Other f orms o f fu rnaces . Tu bu lar forms 7 Thermoelectric apparatu s 7 1 Containers and jackets 7 2 internal accessories

- i . . m Linings . Res stances Cores Botto plates

7 3 r i n m n Elect odes and the r ﬁtti gs . Ter i als

7 - f m HO r - m m 4 Ch arge or s . p p e s . Feed echanis s . Conveyors

u o f ur m 7 5 Reg lators c rent , te peratu re etc . Apparatu s f o r fu rnace produ ct control

u Vents . Taps . Cond its

b - (For produ ct s , y produ cts and g ases) 7 7 Other special parts

- s . b u s Heat concentrators . Reﬂector Special bars Refractory material in g eneral

m t in m 7 8 Ther oelectric apparatu s . Par s inter ittent service 7 82 Tools and apparatu s f o r f u rnace manuf actu re and in s t all at io n

Tools f o r fu rnace manip u lation

H i . ooks . Pokers . Dr lls Protective devices Tools and apparat u s f o r fu rnace repairs 9 r f u . u . Elect ic rnaces By applications (S bd with colon)

6 21 Mech anical E ngineeri ng (cont inu ed)

37 9 u o r Apparat s f electrochemi s t ry . By applicati ons 6 (Su bdivided as [6 6 ] Chemical techn ology) 6 9 (Su bdi vided with colon as [ 6 6 9] Met allu rgy)

.38 E l ect r o t her ap euti c and s cie nt iﬁ c appar at us 38 1 u u . Electrotherape tic apparat s . General

.7 Special electrotherapeu tic measu ring ins tru ment s 2 . 38 Electrostat ic therape u tic apparatu s 83 .3 Direct cu rrent therapeu tic apparatu s 384 Und u latory cu rre nt therapeu ti c apparatu s 1 . Faradic 2 A lternating or o scillatory c urrent therapeu tic appar at us

3 u u . P lsatory c rrent therapeu tic apparat u s 4 Hig h frequ ency cu rrent therapeu ti c apparatu s

85 u a .3 Other electrotherape tic app ratu s 1 E l e c t r o r a dian t therapeu tic app aratu s Electrical scientiﬁc apparatu s

. 387

. 38 8 75 7) 71

.39 O t h er indus t r ial appli c ati o ns o f e le c t r ic ity

6 28 Sanit ary Engi neering

1 at s u o f t s . W er pply own

.1 6 Wat er impu r it ies and t h e ir r emo val 6 2 1 (See also [6 6 3] . 6 37 ) [ ]

3 i s a f s a . D s po l o ew ge

d S . 33 Phys ical pr o ce s s es f o r i p o s al o f s ewag e 337 Electrical processes f o r dis pos al o f sewage (See also [ 6 2 1 ]

6 55 P ri nting

T and - s t t in . 2 ype Typ e e g E lect r o and s t er e o typ ing 227 Electrotypy (Electroengr aving see [6 6 9] o 66 9 87 (Same general arrangement f s u bdivisions as [ ] . 7 , Electro plating) f f u . O 2 Types o f electrotyping . O wood c ts type and stereotype O f e u pl ates O f engraved copper plates G alvanography .

a an o l h i a a graved zinc plates G lv g yp c s . Photog lv nography

(Galvanically engraved plates o f p h otogr aphy) Rapid plating .

3 The plating (Su b d . f o r metals as 31 Iron and steel plating 321 G old plating 322 Silver plating 325 . Nickel plating 33 . Copper plating 6 55 Pr int i ng (co nt i nu ed)

r o n lli H u . r i e Electrotypy p od cts C v , Cliches , eliotypes 5 Electrotypy operations

2 r o f f m 5 The matrix . Prepa ation or s 522 Special raw material f o r matrices 523 Processes t- v General . Press processes , etc .

J N Stearine , wax and gelatine processes

S O u O G ttapercha processes P Plaster processes G Alloy processes 524 Finishing o f matrices

525 o ndu t if in G r a h it iz e r s C c y g . Graphitizing . p 2 5 7 Intermediate plating . Separators 53 The receptacle (Su bd . as 535 Su pports o f matrices 54 The bath 5 5 T h e Electric connectors . c u rrent 551 Electric connectors 552 . The cu rr ent m 553 u o f u . So rces c rrent . Battery Dyna o 2 A u t o ge n e r at e d 8 Connections 82 Shu nt connections 83 Series 56 Electrolytic operation s Diaphragm processes With aqu eou s solu tions 6 fu sed salts solu ble anode 57 u u s e R m . Fail res . Ca s , e edies 58 . Varia

. c h .6 Finishing operations (Su bd . as Blocking Et ing m o r . 7 Apparatu s f o r electrotypy . Co ponent and access y

. 8 Vari a

- M M . k 9 . . Special applications . oney edals Ban notes 6 6 C H EMICA L T E CHNOL O GY 6 6 ] Manuf act ure o f Ch emical s

Special An alyt ic Su b d ivis ion s f o r Man u fact ur e o f Ch emi c al s ( The spe c ial afﬁxes I o r M auf a c t u r e o f chemicals are f ormed by “ r e ﬁ x in O o p g . to the main su bdivisions f Thu s an electrolytic process f o r sodi u m hydroxide produ ction “ wo u ld be 3 33 01 1 3 7 5 . 1 Gen er al c on s iderat ion s an d s mall ch emi c al in du s t r ies o f compou n ds 1 1 Gener al Co ns ide r at i o ns

u b (S di vide p recisely as [6 6 1 ] . O ) 1 M 1 1 So u rces . inerals

So u rces . Statistics o f produ ction

1 2 So u rces . Geo g ra phically s u bdivided 1 3 Natu re o f the b eds 1 4 Methods o f sec u ring 1 8 Statistics o f produ ction 1 1 ] 5 M . inerals

51 Elements . Native metals 5 2 Chlorides and ﬂ u orides 53 Oxides

.54 S u lphides and corresponding combinations 55 S u lphates 56 Borates , Silicates 57 N itrates 58 Carbonates 59 Other minerals

m u 1 1 2 Properties and constants . No enclat re and classiﬁcation 1 Nomenclatu re

u u u o f m m u 2 Str ct re and constit tion etals, inerals and prod cts

3 Phys i cal properties and constants (Su b d . as 36 Temp e rat u re coef ﬁcients Cond u ctivity 37 3 343 Te mp e rat ure coefﬁcient o f condu ctivity

37 3 35 u t . C rren density

m l u . . 4 Che ica properties and constants (S bd as

o r e f . 05 1 1 3 Prod uction by pr oce s s e s From s etc . (For re ining see )

e M . u f ﬁ . P roced u r ethods Apparat s . E ciencies Separation I General 1 8 Ef ﬁciencies 2 Cons u med material Raw material 2 1 Con s u med material 22 F u els a n d f u rnaces

227 F u r n a c e s i ) General (Special f urnaces u nder different fu els) 2 5 Raw m a t e rial

l l b e u f f o r m u 1 ) ( Fu rna es wi l probab y sed here only as a ﬁxes , etall rgists) 6 6 1 Manuf act u re o f Ch emical s (co nt i nu ed) Preliminary and intermediate operations 31 m . Preli inary operations . G eneral

u . Cr shing Grinding . Pu lverizin g

. 3 3 . M Screening . Sorting ixing

. 34 . m Oxidation Calcining . Roasting . S elting 35 . . L ix at in Washing Dissolving . iv g 36 . Other preliminary operations

. 37 m Inter ediate operations . Concentration Processes o f red u ction and man u factu re Wet processes and apparatu s 5 Gaseo u s processes and apparat u s

6 m u u Ther al processes and apparat s . F sion processes 6 7 Produ ction by alu minothermics (See also 7 . Electrical processes and apparatu s 7 . 1 l u u Genera . C rrent Density . Circ lation 7 1 7 . u General apparat u s . Constit ent and accessory 7 2 m . Electrother ic processes Electric smelting ( o f ores) melting ( o f mixtu res etc)

Electrolytic processes an d apparat u s . General Electrolytic f u sion processes and apparatu s Electrolysis o f sol u tions Other electrolytic processes u A toelectrolytic processes . Internal electrolysis Indirect and secondary electrolytic processes Colloidal processes Catalytic processes Alternating c u rrent electrolytic processes Br u sh and spark discharge processes and apparatu s Spark discharg e processes Bru sh Silent 78 Other electric processes 8 Magn etic processes and apparatu s 9 Other process es and apparatu s 91 Mechanical processes and apparatu s

1 1 4 r du u o f u P o c t io n by pr o du ct s . Types o f produ cts . Q alities prod cts

Colloidal , crystalline qu alities 1 General 2 Manu f actu re o f pu re chemicals 7 By- produ cts 7 5 M anu f actu re as a b y- produ cts 7 9 Utilization o f by- prod u cts 8 . Slag s . Scoria 85 . Wastes

859 o f . Utilization wastes 6 6 1 Manu f act u re o f Ch emi cals (cont i nu ed)

1 1 5 Reﬁning . P u r iﬁ c at io n

m u m m . u f m Fro cr de che ical or etal For prod ction ro ores etc . see . 1 1 3 w m — — u i u . f o r th e m u 1 6 6 1 9 6 6 9 I p r ties (S b d i p rity as , as ) a o R eﬁning . General

t m o f u Wet ethods reﬁning (S bd . as b Gaseou s methods o f reﬁning

a 'c Thermal

l u k Electrical (S bd . as o h M agn etic w Other methods 91 M a m . ech nical ethods i .1 1 6 Al l o ys . P r o du ct o n and as c hemical s u bs tances 86 m ms . A alga m n r ki . M i u a i r at t . l1 7 Wo ng an p l t o n . T e e 2 u . Bending , Straightening Corr gating 3 i Hamm u Forging, Pressing , Roll ng . ering , Riveting , Sq eezing ,

D r a vin m v g , Sta ping 4 u i u r C tting , Shearing , Drilling , Boring , Slott ng , Planing, T ning, P u nching 5 i i m r Cast ng , Weld ng , Soldering , Te pe ing 6 Plating 7 Ele c tro plating

8 . l i . Grinding Po ishing , Fil ng , etc

o .1 1 8 Va r i us

1 Analyses . Tests 1 2 Q u alitative analyses 1 27 Electric 1 3 Qu antitative 1 37 Electric 1 4 Assaying 1 5 Tests o f material Reserved f o r special s u bdivision u nder each branch o f [ 66 9]

1 1 9 Us es . Appl ic ati on s

s f m O x i s 2 h mi in u s tr i o c un ds . . 1 Small c e c al d e o po de

1 2 u . 1 9 (S u bdivided . thro gh as

e 93 1 2 1 Ox y gen salts (Oxygen s e . ) 1 22 Oxides

1 3 ma l ch mic al in du s t i s o f c m u n ds . S l e r e o po

u m u .1 31 Alkali g ro p co po nds M 6 2 6 9 . 7 3 1 32 P o t a s s mm co mpo u nds . ( etal see [ ] ) 7 33 1 33 S o di u m . ) 6 6 5 Borax m u M 6 6 9 i u m . 7 34 1 34 Lith co po nds ( etal see [ ] . ) 7 85 1 35 R u bidi u m . )

6 u m 7 36 .l 3 Caesi . ) m u 5 1 39 ( Ammoni u m co po nds see . ) 6 6 1 Manu f act u re o f Ch emic al s (cont i nued) t— 4 k al ar t h o m o d l Al ine e c p u n s ‘— 41 l r u m m u . 669 741 Ca ci co po nds ( Metal see [ ] . ) 44 Bleaching powder l— p 42 u m m u . 66 42 Stronti co po nds (Metal see [ 9] . 7 ) ‘— p Bariu m 2 Radiu m H44 Ma g n e s iu m g r o u p c o mpo u nds ‘— p 45 Berylliu m compou nds ( Metal see [669] 745) A— 46 m p a u M g nesi . 746) l- 47 Z p inc . 5) H m u m 748 Cad i . ) H5 Lead g r o u p c o mp o un ds ‘— 1 m u . a 4 y 5 Lead co po nds ( Met l see [669] . ) A— 52 h m 52 p T alliu . 7 ) ‘ F 55 Sil v e r g r o u p c o mp o u nds 6 H56 m u . 6 9 3 Copper co po nds ( Metal see [ ] . ) A— 2 p 2 57 Silver . ) ‘— p 58 758 Mercu ry . ) H6 Ce r iu m g r o u p co mp o u nds

m . H6 1 Y ttriu m co pou nds ( Metal see [669] . 7 6 1 ) H62 Ceriu m 7 62) H63 Lanthan u m 763) H6 4 m u m 7 Didy i . 64) A— m u m m u y Praseody i co po nds (Metal see [ 669] 2 N e o dymiu m A— p 65 E rbiu m 765) ‘— m m u . 6 6 u um 6 . 76 y Al in co po nds (Metal see [ 69] 6)

1 23 u m nu m . u u m Al i oxides Cor nd Alu nd u m. 83 Alu ms 84 Alu minu m s ilc at e s 84 1 33 Sodiu m alu minu m s ilicate U ltramarine a— 6 7 i u m m u . 669 76 7 p Ind co po nds (Metal see [ ] . ) 68 Galliu m 7 68) Scandiu m m 2 2 S amariu . ) 4 4 Gadoliniu m . ) m 5 5 Germaniu . ) Ir o n g r o u p c o mp o u nd s

1 m u . 66 7 1 7 Mang anese co po nds (Metal see [ 9] . ) 72 1 Iron . ) 73 Cobalt 24 ) N ick el 25) 75 Ch r omiu m g r o u p c o mp o u nd s m 669 26 76 Chro iu m compou nds . (Metal see [ ] ) 83 Chrome alu ms

7 m m . 669 27 7 Molybdenu co pou nds (Metal see [ ] . ) 6 28 78 Tu ng sten (Wolfram) compou nds . (Metal see [6 9] )

U raniu m compou nds . (Metal see [ 669] 8 T in g r o u p c o mp o u n d s

1 m 669 . 6 8 Tin co pou nds . (Metal see [ ] ) 82 782 Titaniu m . ) 6 6 1 Manu f act u re o f Ch emical s (cont inued)

1 83 Z u m m u 69 83 irconi co po nds ( Metal see [6 ] . 7 ) 1 Thoriu m . 1 Va n a diu m g r o u p comp o u n d s m 1 85 u m u . 669 785 V anadi co po nds (Metal see [ ] . ) 1 86 Antimony 786) 1 8 7 Bismu th 787) 1 88 Tantalum 788) 1 N iobiu m 1 9 Pl at i nu m g r o u p co mp o u n d s

1 91 Gold compou nds . (Metal see [669] 21 ) 1 92 Platinu m 232) 1 93 r iu m 233 I id . ) 1 Osmiu m 1 95 Ru th e ni u m g r o u p comp o u nd s 1 u m m 96 Ru theni co pou nds . ( Metal see [669] 236) 1 97 Rh odiu m 237) 1 98 Pall adiu m 238) 2 A cids 2 4 Ha o ac s . l g en id 2 41 Chlorine acids 2 43 R I Hydrochloric acid , O 2 44 l u HClO z u d E1 0 10 Ch oro s acid , ; Hypochloro s aci 2 45 BClO a Chloric acid , 2 d . 46 Other chlorine aci s 2 46 2 Perchloric acid 11 010 4 m u 2 47 Bromin e acids ( sa e s bd . ) 2 48 Iodine acids 2 49 Flu orine acids Metall o id element a cid s 0 D a— O p Su lphu r acids 0 [ u u H O Hyposulph ro s acid, 2Sz 1 o o S ul phu rou s acid E 2S0 3 w8 L iq uid p T i £1 2 8a w hion c acid , o i H SzO s Dithionic ac d , e m 11 8 0 Trithionic acid , 2 3 6 m H e 0 6 Tetrathionic acid , o c i d H2 8 5 0 6 Pentath onic aci , 1 5 H 0 6 S ul ph u ric acid , 28 4 ; f I u u H2 8 2 0 3 Pers lph ric acid , h r i H S2 0 7 . 3 ul u 2 Pyros p c acid , 0 [ 62 N itrog en acids O I Hyp onitrou s acid 3 N itrou s acid w625 N itric acid w63 Phosphoru s acids w u B3 P 0 Hypophosphoro s acid , 2 3 u H3P 0 3 Phosphoro s acid , 4 u HP 0 Metaphosphoro s acid , 2 ) N 6 35 h d H3 P 0 Orthophosphoric or phosp oric aci , 1 O d H4 P 2 0 6 Hypophosphoric aci ,

6 6 1 Manu f act u re o f Ch emical s (cont inu ed) 5 6 1 5 Ammoniu m su lph ate 5 nitrite 5 625 nitrate 5 6 35 pho sphate 5 655 carbon ate a N t a i nd t h i c m u n s . i t r at s . . 6 Me llo ds e r o po d Su lph at e s . e E t c 6 1 S u l ph u r and it s co mp o un ds o 6 1 1 Su lphu r 6 1 2 S u lphu r salts 1 23 S u lphu r oxides 43 . chlorides 6 1 3 S u lph ides and hydrosu lphides 2 Hydrosu lph ides 3 Su lph ides 2 652 u . . Carbon dis lphide 6 1 4 Su lphu r - oxyg en radicle compou nds (low valency) h Hyposu lph ites . T iosulphates Su lphites 6 1 5 Su lphates 6 1 6 S u lphu r - oxyg en radicle compo u nds (hig h valency) 2 Persu lphates 6 2 Nit r o g e n c o mp o u n ds (fo r nitrog en and f o r N oxides see 98) 623 N itrides N itrites 625 N itrates 6 3 Ph o s ph o r u s and it s c o mp o u nds 631 Phosphoru s 4 m u u . A orpho s or red phosphor s 632 Phosph or u s salts 1 23 Phosph oru s oxides 43 ch lorides 6 1 3 sulphides 6 1 8 c h lo r o s u lp h ide 963 . hydrides 6 33 Phosphides 6 34 Phosphor - oxyg en radicle compo u nds (10 W vale ncy) Hypophosphites Phosphites Me t ap h o s p h it e s 635 Phosphates 636 Phosphor - oxyg en radi cle compou nds (hig h v alency) 2 Hypophosphates 3 P e p h o s p h a t e s 4 Metaphosphates 6 4 A r s e nic and it s c o mp o u nd s 6 41 Arsenic 642 salts 643 Arsenides Hydr o ar s e nit e s 3 . Arsenites 645 . Arsenates 6 6 1 Manuf act u re o f Ch emical s (co nt i nued) 6 5 Car b o n a nd it s c o mp o u nd s 651 Carbon 32 Diamond 33 Graphite 4 m . A orphou s carbon 652 Carbon salts 653 Carbides 2 li 6 . u u m. A x il a . 7 (Silicon carbide Carbor nd u r y decimal) T h io c ar bo nat e s ‘ ’ 655 Carbonates . Acid carbonates . Bicarbonates . P e r c ar bo nat e s 6 6 B o r o n and it s c o mpo u nd s 66 1 Boron 662 66 3 Borides 665 Borates 1 33 Borax l c o and it s o m o un s . 6 7 Si i n c p d 6 7 1 Silicon 672 salts 653 u n u m f m . Carbor d ( Chie deci al) 6 73 Silicides 6 75 Silicates Silicon alloys 6 8 Oth e r me t al l o id s and t heir c o mp o u nd s 68 1 Seleniu m and its compou nds d- r Sele niu m

’J l 77 O Selenides i b Selenates 682 Tellu riu m and its compou nds H Tellu riu m NJ

O O Tellu rides l U Tellu rates

- 69 S al t s W it h met al lic a cid r a dicle s (S u bd . Lead salts 1 5 u m . Pl bates Alu minu m salts u m . 65 Al inates Mang anese salts 1 5 Mang an ates 1 62 Permang anates 2 Iron salts 25 Ferrates 6 Chromiu m salts 65 Ch romates 6 62 Bichromates 663 T r ic h r o mat e s

7 u m . Molybden salts 75 . Molybdates 6 6 1 Manu f act u re o f Ch emi c al s (cont inu ed) T u ng sten salts 85 Tu ng states 91 U raniu m salts 91 5 U . ranates Tin salts 1 5 Stann ates 5 Vanadiu m salts 55 Vanadates 8 T ant aliu m salts 85 Tantalates 91 N iobium salts

. 91 5 N iobates P lat inat e s

7 ic i . 54 7 O r an ar at ns . u . g prep o (S bd as [ ] )

7 an o e n m an 1 Cy g co p o u nd s . Cy id e s . 7 1 3 Cyanides 7 1 5 Cyan ates 7 1 8 m a h l Co plex cy nog en comp o u nds wit meta s . Pru ssiates 72 Hydr o c ar b o ns 43 h s h o s e r i a i e s Alco ol , p en l and d v t v 74 E t h e r s

4 4 O r g ani c a cid s

7 71 Ace t ic acid . Acetates

8 C m x s a t s in r anic and r anic o ple l , o g o g (N o t to be su bdivided)

m r s and u e ﬁ as s 9 G as e s . Als o co p e s ed liq ed g e

m 52 . 4 (A monia see . ; halog en g ases see ) 91 Compr e s s e d and liqu eﬁed g a s e s Gene r al iti e s

Co mp r e s s e r s . Receivers . 92 A ir 1 22 93 Oxyg en and it s g a s e s (For oxides see . ) 931 Oxyg en 6 Liq u id oxyg en 932 O z one ’ ’ 933 Knall g a s 96 Hydr o g en and it s comp o u n d s 96 1 Hydrog en 962 compo unds (H as base ; see als o acids) 1 23 Hydrog en peroxide su lphide 96 3 Hydride s Stibine 6 32 Phosphine 642 A rsene 97 Ca r b onic a cid g a s and ca r bon mo noxide ( Fo r ca r bonate s s e e 62 98 Nitr o g en and it s ino r g anic g as e s (For nitrates e t c . see . ) 99 Ot h e r g a s e s 991 Heliu m 992 N eon 6 6 1 Manuf act u re o f Ch emical s (cont inu ed) 993 Arg on 994 K rypton 995 Xenon

t n m a h n Decimal A ﬂix e s f o r Sal s i C h e ic l Tec ology .

Oxides . Anhydrides Pyrophosphates Alu ms 4 Metaphosphates U ltramari nes 643 Arsenides Ch r o malu ms Hydr o ar s e nit e s Acids 3 Arsenites Hydroxides 645 Arsenates Chlorides 653 C arbides 6 55 Hypochlorites Carbonates . Acid carbonates Chlorites P e r c ar bo nat e s O x yc h lo r ide s 663 Borides M O 6 65 . o Ch e . g Borates Chlorates 673 Silicides Perchlorates 6 75 Silicates Bromides Selenides m 5 Hyp obro ites . Selenates Br o mit e s Tellu rates Bromates Plu mbates Iodides Alu minates Iodates Mang anates 1 62 ma e Flu orides . Per ng anat s Fl r at e s 25 u o . Ferrates u 65 m Hydros lphides . Chro ates u h 6 62 m S lp ides . Bichro ates u h 6 3 T r i h r a s Hypos lp ites . 6 c o m t e Su lphites 75 Molybdates S ulphates 85 Tu ng states h 1 Persu lp ates . 9 5 U ranates m u m Co plex s lphu r co p . Stannates S I m 55 ( C co p . ) Vanadates N it r ide s Cyanides N it r it e s Cyanates N itrates Complex cyanog en comp . P e N O N Phosphides (C ) 6 , C (O ) 6 , Hyp ophosph ites N l(CN ) 4 Ph osphi tes 7 7 1 Acetates 8 m m o f m Phosphates Co plex co p . ele ent Hyp ophosphates 963 Hydrides

u i is io ns o f an e e m t S bd v l en . 631 Phosphoru s A- i m f h G n For s o phosp oru s . e eral m Solid forms o f phosphoru s m Crystalline forms o f phosphoru s - F- i Amorphou s i b Colloidal a b Liq u id O b Gaseou s 6 6 9 Met allu rgy

Special A nalyt ic Su bdiv is ions fo r Met all u r gy ( The special afﬁxes fo r Metallu rg y are formed simil arly to those r ﬁ in O m u v o f fo r [66 1 ] by p e x g . to the ain s bdi isions

1 I r on and s t eel k f 8 (Main su bdivisions li e those o . )

1 1 S o u r c e s and min e r al s o f ir o n

f u o f 1 1 1 Sou rces . Statistics o prod ction iron and steel G a u 2 Sou rces . ( eog r phically s bdivided) 8 Statistics o f produ ction

1 1 5 Min erals . Ores

an d n o f ir o nd s t e e 1 2 N o me nc l at ur e . Pr op er t ie s c o s t an t s n a l 1 21 N omenclatu re o f iron 1 22 Stru ctu re and constit ution o f iron and steel E . u u Carbon st ates tching s . Microscopic str ct res 1 23 Physical properties o f iron and steel

u . h Temper . D ctility Streng t 1 24 Ch emical properties o f iron and steel

F u s e t c . li . o r ﬂ u o f u u Corrodibi ty ( in ence s lph r , phosphor see 1 3 Pr o du c ti o n ( by pr o c e s s e s ) o f ir o n and s t e el

- h u dl m . P d ing , Open earth , Besse er processes 1 31 General 8 E fﬁciencies m 1 32 Consu med material . Raw aterial n 6 6 1 1 33 Prelimi ary and intermediate operations (S u bd . as [ ] 1 3 83 7 E lectric processes (see also . 7)

1 4 P r o du c t i o n ( by pr o du c t s ) o f ir o n and s t e el 1 42 Manufactu re o f p u re iron 1 43 i i p g iron . Cast iron . Ing ot ron 1 44 m l n u i al eable iro . Wro g ht ron 1 45 7) steel E mf 1 45 . 0 o f . 1 37 ( lectric g steel 837 ; or . ) 1 47 By- produ cts o f iron and steel manu factu re 1 48 Slag s and seori a from iron and steel 5 Wastes from iron and steel manu factu re 59 U tili z at ion o f wastes from iron and steel manu factu re

5 R e n n u r fi at i o 1 fi i g . P i c n 1 52 Impu rities 1 6 1 Su lph u r 1 6 3 Phosphoru s 1 3 R in G 5 efin g . eneral 1 54 Wet processes 1 7 66 1 5 E lectric ( Su bd . as [ ]

6 f a e a s e s 1 Al l o y s o ir o n nd s t e e l . Sp ci l t e l

k f r m . u . o Mang anese steel N ic el steel . ( S bd etal as

1 7 o r k in mani u a o r at m n o f ir o a nd s t W g , p l ti n, t e e t n eel

u . 1 1 1 7 ( S bd as [66 ] . ) 66 9 Met allu rgy (cont i nu ed)

i e t c . . 1 72 Forg ng , rolling, 3 1 7 Welding, Soldering 1 7 4 Tempering . a a z 1 7 6 Plating , G lv ni ing

E r i u . . 1 77 Electroplating. lect ic etch ng (S b d as

f o r m 3 With iro n (Su bd . with aterial plated) 4 On ir o n plating materi al)

. 1 8 Var ia t 1 8 1 A nal yses . Tes s 2 Qu alitative an alys es o f ir on an d s te el 27 E l ectric

na s s o f an d . 3 Qu anti tative a ly e iron steel 37 Electric m 5 T s ts o f n and e . n r s e iro st el Te sion , co pression , to ion , etc .

1 1 89 e f o r s e c a o f an d . 86 to . r ser ved p i l considerations iron s t eel

.1 9 U s e s o f ir o n and s te e l

m an d . 2 P ci us tal s re o e .744 Mag ne s ium gr o up me tal s m t h e rare meta ls o f s t eel Berylli u .746 M a gnesiu m l d s u as f o r . 1 r o n .21 Go ( b d . i ) .748 Cadmiu m . 22 Sil ve r 7 52 a u m . 28 T h e pl atinum me tal s . Th lli 7 58 M u .232 Platin um . erc ry

233 r i i u m . 76 e r ium r o u m . I d C g p e tals 7 6 1 u m Osmium . Yttr i

u h ni u m .7 6 2 u m .236 R t e Ceri 7 63 n um .237 Rhodiu m . Lantha m 3 . 7 64 .2 8 Pal ladium Didy ium 4 o b l P r ae s e o d m .2 C alt y

. 25 Nic k e l .2 Neodym

. 26 Ch r o mium .765 Erbiu m 7 66 um .27 Mo l ybde num . Al inum

T u n . 91 umi gs t e n ( Wo lfr am) Al nother mi e s . Th er mite 7 67 I u m .8 Copper . ndi

36 5 .7 68 G a u m . Bras s lli 36 56 . Bro nz e Scandium

4 ad .2 am um . Le S ari .3 D ic ip iu m .6 Zine A Gadolinium . 6 T in .5 Ge rman ium .7 O th m t als 77 r n er e . I o gr o u p me t als .78 A lkali me tals .77 1 Mangane s e 7 32 . Potas s ium Urani um 7 33 u . So di m .78 T in gr o u p me tal s 7 34 h i u . Lit m .782 Ti taniu m

.7 35 Ru bidium .7 83 Zirconium 7 36 e s um . Ca i Thor ium 785 .74 A lkal ine e ar t h me t als . Van adi um 7 41 al c iu m 7 86 n . C . A timony 42 .7 Str o ntium .787 Bis mu th 7 B ar ium . 88 Tan tal um 2 R adi um N iobium 6 6 9 Met allu rgy (co nt inu ed)

M n . 8 et allu rgy . Ge eral con s iderat ion s

(S u bd . in general as

87 7 . . G Vo lt a l h Electroplating Electric etching ( lyphography , g yp y) (See also (For electrotyping or galvanoplas ti e s see (Special point o f view af fixes f o r thi s gro u p f ormed by p r e fixing an d u o f the zero s bdivisions this grou p . ) 1 G eneral 2 Types o f electroplating 2 1 Classifie d by thickness

22 . . Light thickness types Niellos

.23 Heavy thickn e ss types 24 . Dip plating 25 Contact plating

u o f . 27 Vario s plating types . Pattern plating . Plating mou lds

u . u D a r i Do ble layer plating Incr stations . mas q u ine e .

Ch r o mat u r gy or metal coloring . (Metallochromy) f Iridescent plating . ( Inter erence plating) Special plating (Re served f o r special su bdivision u nder each chemical element)

3 The plating . Electroplating by material (S u bdivided decimally as Iron plating Gold plating 87 7 (Each metal to be su bdivided decimally precisely as . ) with dash [6 6 9] f o r su bstan ce plated) 0 G old plating on n u merous metals 1 Gold pl ating on iron u as 8 variou s su bstances (s b . Preparation o f the article to be gold plated The receptacle f o r g old plating The bath f o r g old plating The cu rrent f o r g old plating Ope rations o f gold plating f Failu res o f gold plating . Imper ections Finish i ng o f g old platings

u f o r Apparat s, general , g old plating Re covery o f wastes from gold plating Tests o f g old platings

Silver plating (S u bd . as Gold plating) Platin u m plating Nickel plating 56 German silver plating Copper plating 5 Brass plating 56 Bronze plat ing

6 6 9 Met all urgy (cont i nu ed)

With bru shes

u -m Br sh achines . Scrapers With acid pickling Pickling pots and fu rn aces Removal o f old plate o n if n i z C du c t yi g . Graph ti ing Shielding 7 Shields 527 Intermediate plating 53 The receptacle 531 General . Size , capacity 532 M aterial . Linings

535 u t f o r . u S ppor s articl e s Arrangements o f articles . Trays . Dr ms

54 The bath . (Employed f o r general arti cles ; otherwise with 0 as an afﬁx f o r other su bdivisions o f [6 6 9] General

u r t . Sol tion . Concent a ion Dissolving o f Re Properties the bath . sistance

Pu rity and qu al ity o f chemicals . Solu ti on water . Temperat u re

o e r u General p r c e du e . Circ lation in i a . s Bath alterations . Alkal incre se Acid crea e Acid baths Alkali baths Neu tral 545 Cyan idic baths u 546 A u xi lli ar y salts . Cond cting salts

u 55 Electric connectors . The c rrent 551 Electri c connectors mi m Leads , ter nals , hooks , cla ps Electrodes The cu rrent Sou rces o f cu rr e nt f o r electroplating 5 am mu . n 2 A u t o e n e r at e d .3 .4 u . g ; Battery ; Acc lator ; Dy o ;

8 82 u . 85 s . Connections ; . Sh nt ; Serie

. 554 Bath voltage

555 u . C rrent dens ity 556 . Polarization

57 u . .5 Apparat s Cu rrent regu lators

558 . h k u o f m . Yield Precipitate t ic ness per nit t i e 56 Electrolytic operations 56 2 Classiﬁcation by cha racter o f apparatu s Diaphragm processes Classiﬁcation by natu re o f solu tion With aqu eou s solu tions

fu sed s alts . Oxidizable ; nonoxidiz able 6 6 9 Met all u rgy (cont inued) Classiﬁcation by electrode fu nction With solu ble anode m f Failu res . I per ections In color In stru ctu re o f the precipitate In cohesion In density 58 Varia o f processes 6 . Finishing 6 2 . Drying

» . 6 3 n e l e c t r o o x idiz in Oxidizi g , etc (For g see 64 M . atting

u 6 5 Polishing . B rnishing 6 57 u 7) Apparat s and tools 7 m . Apparat u s . Co ponent and accessory

I n f o r u ( g eneral , apparat s concerning any special process , see that process)

Fl ues . Electric panels 8 Variou s consideration s

84 o f s f m . Recovery waste ro baths , etc 86 Tests o f plated article " mi o f Deter nation precipitate weights . Special ballance 9 Applications

M u f u o f m u l . an act re irrors , parabolic reﬂectors , and spec a

- t m o f Filli ng in stained g lass . S at u ary (co pletely electroplate) Mf o f f o r g . plates graining leather 91 Electro Electric etching (Glypho graphy Galvanoglyphy) 92 M anu factu re o f t u bing etc . 9 A s s ayin g

Su bdivi s i ons A pplicable t o All o f P u re and A pplied S c i ence . 0 M ( 0 ) Special s u bdivi s ions o f f o r m. anu s cripts . 001 ( ) Docu ments . Statistics

002 - u u . ( ) Q antities and cost . C rrent prices Price lists (For estimates see (003) Contr acts and s peciﬁcations 004 ( ) Designs and drawing s . Estimates

005 o f u u ( ) Plans exec tion . Exec tive

m u o s u f o r u No enclat re and list f parts . In tr ctions constr ction

006 f o r ( ) Working . preservation and maintenance o f material . Recei pts 007 u . u u ( ) R les Reg lations . Instr ctions

008 S e mﬁ c at i o n ( ) Patents . p s (008 42 ) English patents (DO S—4 3) German (DO B—44) French Generalit ie s (cont inu ed) 008—494 ( ) Swiss n — (008 7 3) American (009) Reports on operation and on related facts

0 G r s u r ( ) ene al bdivi s ions o f f o rm, g ener alit ie s and ge o g aphy . ( 01 ) General theory (45) Italy

02 t - ( ) Trea ises . Text books (46 ) Spain (03) Encyclopedias (46 9) Portu gal 0 ( 4 ) Essays (47 ) Ru ssia

‘ ( 05) P e l l O dl c al S m (48) Norway , Sweden , Den ark 0 ( 6 ) Societies Institu tions (49) Minor e u ropean co u ntries (07 ) T e ach ing (5) A s ia 08 D l ai ie s a ( ) Polygraphy . ( 6 ) Af ric Comp u ting tables ( 7) No r t h America (083 6 ) Tab u lated data (7 1 ) British America (09) Hl s t my (7 2) Mexico (09 1 ) Bi bl iu e i a ph y ( 7 28 ) Central America (092) Biogra phy (7 29) West Indies ' ( 4 ) E il l O ll e ( 7 3) United States Scotland (7 4) North Eastern States (41 5) Irelan d (7 5) So u th ( 42 ) Eng lan d (7 6 ) ( 43) Germa ny ( 7 7 ) North (436 ) Au stria (7 8) YVe s t e r n States ( 437 ) Bohemia ( 7 9) P a e i ﬁ c 1 i9 T r an s l e it h ania Hu S m ) , ngary (8) o u t h A erica. (4 4) France ( 9) O ceani a

. 00 Common A n alyt ic Su bdivi s ion s . 001 Concept i on or i mprovement o f the object Texts and researches

002 E x e c u t i . n Cons t r u ction

o m m Operations f manu factu re . Co ponents Raw aterial 003 m M i Econo y . ( ercant le)

- . f . m o f u . o i . E ﬁciencies Econo y prod ction Costs labor , etc Sale Prices Proﬁt and loss

004 Service . O p eration

M n . . . f o r i . Ru les o p erat ng . Preservation aintena ce Wear Repairs Use o f resid u es and b y- prod u cts 005 ( Not a ssi gned ) 006 Plants (For details o f internal organization and constru ction) Sites Bu ildings Fu rnishings Machinery 006 7 Machine ry 006 7 1 Large or r 1 g 1 d machinery 006 7 2 Small or mobile machinery 007 P ersonnel M Scientiﬁc Exec u tive . ercantile . Laboring 008 (Not as s ig ned) 009 Deﬁ nitions in radioactivit y 2 3 Laws 54 (Su bd . as ( ) 31 9 Spring s r f Pola ization o rays . i 34 Absorbt on o f rays .

Radi oactive elect rolysis . 6 1 8 Secondary radi ations . 6 3 Roentg en rays . Density 432 Viscosity 436 i Spec ﬁc he at . 439 Cohesion [Thi s shou l d be u sed f o r articles referring to two o r

m 54 1 1 r ti f i nl ore chapt ers o f ( ) . For a cles re err ng o y 54 1 1 7 54 ul u to ( ) , ( ) sho d be sed instead] .

9 Appli cations o f a theory to other phenomena .

ui . l ui Liq d typ es Sp ecia liq ds .

892 Gelat inou s liqu ids . 1 1 4 2 2 Osmot i c pre ss u r e ( as phenomenon) (as property see

4 Boili ng - p oint raising ; f reezing - p oint lowering

38 o f s v u Varia di sol ing and sol tion . 44 Adsorp tion 6 6

7 2 Osmotic press ur e (as property) Solu tion 7 4 Dissoc iation constants 7 6 m Ther al properties .

u Latent heats . Sol t ion heats . 893 E u l tectic al oy s . Cryohy drates .

m l r u m . Electroche ica inst ents . General

mm e t c . Voltmeters . A eters Dielectric const ants ( See al s o m . m u Resistors . Alloys and etal ixt res M i Constantine , New silver , ang anine , N ckeline 2 42 Imp erf ect contact condu ctors i P o l ar t e r s . Coherers 24 mi M 3 Trans tters . icrophones 2 9 Static electric phenomena . 338 Dissociation constants

339 o f i . Ap plications d ssociation theory .

o f o f u To theory indicators , ﬂ orescence .

General . 2 M . ethods n m u o f . Deﬁ itions . sy bols , nits electrolysis 3 Laws

’ Faraday s law .

36 mul . For ae and constants . mi The electroche cal equi valent .

u fo r Electrolytic red ction velocities ( org anic comp . ) m Electrolysis in ag netic ﬁeld . 491 e s m . . El ctrical endo osis

8 m t . . A photere electroly es 47 1 Theory o f polarization 47 5 Measu rement o f

51 Su perposition p rinciple .

6 42 Copper oxide depolarizers . Cu p r o n cel l Ion velocities 45 Electr iﬁcation m t m m m Eu di o eters . Elec ro ano eter ﬂa es

Electrical evaporation . Condu ctivity o f air C ur rent g eneration by liqu id flow in n o r r o w channel s ' (Str iimun g s s t r o me ) Decay o f metal s Hydr ometry ur fil i Trit ation , ter ng Adj u stable electr ode types (reg ul ating electr ic flow)

Processes f o r p rodu ction o f pur e chemicals . 8 283 2 4 ( S u bd . as ) 285 Sil ent discharg e processes 7 Arc Hy drog enation 2 . Static electric processes 9 . Mag netic

6 [A f ﬁ x e s ] Acids Arsenites Hypobromi tes Anhydr ides Metaphosphates Hy dr osul phi des 33 ul i Hy dr o ar s e nlt e s . S ph des [A fﬁ x e s ] Hyposu lph ites 2 6 5 Acid carbonates 3 S u lphites Acetates 6 [Main s u bdivisions o f each element - de c imal z] A- m i Ele ent O m t Compou nds (the el e ent basic)

’ ’ w ides acidic) and General . - ’ ’ ﬁ 1 tes

‘ ’ ’ U ates

’ ’ 6 2 per - ates

u . 82 Alloys . (Speciﬁc s bd as Acids Air Ozone 6 99 Org anic compou nds (reser v ed becau se o f afﬁ x - u s e only) 7 1 1 Cyanog en 7 1 4 Halog en - cyanog en compou nds 7 3 Carbohy drates

App aratu s in central stations f m Special D . C . to A . C . trans or ers f W e h n e lt interru pters . Arc trans ormers

m - r u Instru ments and eters . Non elect ic ap plications (F nctioning electricall y) ﬁl m m m Compou nd carbon a ents . ( etal or etal oxide component s)

1 94 Graphitized ﬁl ament types .

m ur r m Variou s u ses o f erc y vapo la ps . As lig htning arresters

- a circu it bre kers etc . Ventilation

m u f u 4 o f . . Processes ; an act re , etc m ur . u . M ethods . Proced e Instr ents Data m 5 M u u d as . . eas re ents ( S b .

9 . u f u 7 Battery ho ses and rnishing s . With amalg am dep olarizers (amalg amated electrodes) 525 With p ermang anate

General . 1 7 Constitu ent and accessory ap paratu s in service

. 353 Movably shielded electrode types .

m r . Application o f accu ul ators to cent al stations General .

2 to lig hting (o f cars etc .) 3 t 335 to raction (see also . )

u e Mf . o f F s s . g

92 Mf . o f Rheostats . g

- .93 Op tic in c andescent applic ations . Special . Mfg . o f

Eu diometers . Mfg . o f M an an e n e mf Constantine , g , New silver , Nickeline g .

242 Decoherers . Polarization cells

246 Mf . o f Spark arresters . g

2 7 u c t . m u e . . Cond ors Sp ecial ixt res t c i o f m u Applicat ons che ical resistance and cond ctivity (Precise , deﬁnite)

. 2 92 Liqu id rheostats

3 mf . m . Electrode g For arc la ps , etc

W i re For electric u se s .

37 7 u . C rrent shap ers (A . C ) t m Elec rother al therapeu tic app aratu s .

7 M u f . 38 an actu re o f electric instru ments (S u bd as . 3 1 7 )

Py rometry . Thermometry 2 3 Flu xes

F u rnaces . Electric (S u bd . as 7 7 2 Silent di scharg e processes

.7 7 7 A r c

1 1 7 [Used chieﬂy u n der metall u rg y

u m Laboratories and eq ip ent . 1 3 [For salts W ith element in acid radicle see Amalg ams E l e c t r O p l as t ic s

With movable electrodes . Rotating electrodes Generalities

(01 ) M ethods . Philosophy

m . M u . . ul m 02 . u . ( ) Charts Tab ar views , Co pends an als Syste s O tlines

(03) Di ct ionaries . Lexicons .

(O 4) Lect u res . Letters . Pap ers . Tracts

n h . . . (06 ) Associatio s . Ex ibitions Reports Transactions

. u . Mu um . . (O 7 ) Edu cation Schools . St dy se s Laboratories

a . ( 08) Colle c t ions . Extracts . Libraries . Treatises T bles

. 009 Use .

th e C de o f C iﬁc i n o f E ec ch emi to o lass at o l tro stry.

f e w u s e u o u r Very who will the code , either to search thr card r e f e r e n c e s a f t ff m n e c e s or to cl ssi y heir own personal notes , can a ord the ti e

u a w o r k in f mi o f sary to sec re g a liarity with all its p arts , or to prevent overlooking

m t o f u deci als where certain rela ionships a s bject have been treated . The m f alphabetical index then , beco es a need and has there ore been prepared .

The Eng lish edi tion is here presented .

In preparing this index the rul e has been followed in g eneral not to

u u u di m m o f incl de s bdivisions nder any lea ng word in the deci al sy bol which ,

o f u u the decimal symbols s ch s bdivisions are contained .

For those u nfamiliar with bibliog raphical practice it has been tho u g ht that the r u les fo r combining the symbols o f the code mig ht not be clear ;

f m m fo r b u t m o f there ore not only the che ical ele ents , instance , any the more

m u m i - m u common co po nds with their co binat on sy bols are here incl ded .

’ ’ The decimal follo wing in chem after a g iven s u bj ect refers to its p u re

’ ’ f mf o f m f scie nce t r eatment : that ollowing in g . che re ers to its app lied scienc e

t r e atment .

That p ar t o f the decimal symbol incl u ded in < appears as the

’ ’ h f sig nat u r e at t e base o t h e card .

’ ’ ’ F o r ins t an c e 54 bu t , Polarization ( ) is g iven ; not Polarization

’ ’ ’ b s t h e d m fo r ] S 54 o f u mu y g ase , eci al which ( ) Polarization acc lators i r m u s g iven howeve , as its sy bol , is not incl ded in the

’ ’ o decimal f r Polarization . Attention is called to t h e constr u ction o f these combination - decimals which permits o f classification u nder t h e base or acid radicle by simp le reversal m o f the parts co bined . e on p ag e 5 o f t h e code il lu strat s this . Abb r e viati o ns .

m. m m m . m u anal . analysis ; che che istry (or che ical) ; co p co po nds ;

z: e l e c t r o l . . r p electroplating ; elec electricity (or electric) ; eng in . eng inee

x r m mf f r in e e . . u u m u g ; p experi ental ; g man act e ; me t . etall rg y

s i phys . physics (or phy cal) ; prop . property .

A b r a s io n ( e l e c t r 0 p 1 . ) Af rica 6 )

f u . Accidents in man u act re 004 Air in chem. 1 82 mul f Acc u ators in m g . o f chem. in au tomobile techniqu e Condu ctivity o f ( 540 1 1 7 7 7 3 in elect ric traction . See also condu ctivity o f g ases : Standpoint o f applications E l e o h e c t r c m. f phenom. in Standpoint o f m g . o f Apparat u s f o r ( 6 20 355 1 7 Radioactivity A l m Standpoint o f ser vice cohols in che .

o f m . o f in mfg . che Tech . prop .

A l m. Theory o f dehydes in che

mf o f m . in g . che Acetates in chem. l i m in m A k al etals che . o f m. in mfg . che

in me t . Acetic acid in chem.

m. 5 3 1 A l k ali metal comp . in che ( 0 6 o f m . in mf g . che f . o 3 1 u f m u m in mf g chem. Acetylene . Prod ction ro calci lk i in m. carbide A al es che mf o f 23 in g . chem. Acetylenes in chem .

Al k al in e earth metals in chem. Acid derivatives . Org anic

in me t . Acid halides . Org anic l i m m. 5 64 Acidity Alk a ne earth co p . in che ( 0

in mf . f 4 g o chem. i . m Acids . Inorg an c in che . f Al kaloids m . o f in g chem. i Al lotropy n chem. s . . m Acid Org anic in che . in mf o f m. f g . che o m. in mfg . che 1 1 m t ul ; e . Acids . S pho in m 5 4 1 4 o Al loys che . ( 0 Acids . Theor y f t um m in me . General Actini in che . E u i in radioactivi ty tect c 1 m . u o f 54 1 Actino eters Electrical Fu sed . Cond ctivity ( )

4 . m 5 1 1 7 6 8 A l l o f u mi um me t . in phys che . ( 0 oys al n in f me o o f im t . Mfg . ant ony in

A c tivity coeff icients o f bismu th in me t . in mf f s 04 o f o . Addre ses ( ) boron g . 54 1 as m. 1 444 e Ads or ption ( pheno ) ( 0 o f cadmi u m in m t . 4 4 3 l u 5 1 1 7 . 7 o r miu m e t See a so occl sions ( 0 f ch o in m . r o f me t (as prope ty) copper in . o t f g old in me . 54 3 Aer ometers ( 0 2 o f iron and ste el in me t .

f ﬁ i . m a o A n ty Che ic l f lead in me t .

o f u o f ma e t sol tions ng anese in m . Al un du m in mfg o f chem . t . o f mercu ry in me u i me t . Al n te o f mol ybdenu m in

Amalg amation . Electri c o f nickel in me t .

f m . f . o me t in m g che o f p lat inum in 6 6 5 8 3 7 6 2 m me t . ( 0 o f m . o f S ilicon in mfg . che 1 5 6 58 8 2 ( 6 6 ) Amalg ams in chem . ( 0 6 me t . o f Silver in me t in (7 1 ) m . o f tin in me t . A erica British 6 6 2 2 8 6 ( 7 2 8) t . o f tu ng sten in me ( 0 Central 6 6 2 7 8 5 6 ( 7 ) t . o f vana di u m in me ( 0 North 8 u t ( ) o f Z inc in me t . So h e l e c t r o l s is (t h e o r y) 008 — 7 3 ur y t . ( ) Al ternating c rent American ( U . S ) p a ents 48 451 50 1 1 7 4 i 5 7 8 ( A m e acids ( 0 5 2 8 6 5 7 8 m . ( 0 5 in e x p e r . che Amids ( 0 7 8 o f m. 5 in mfg . che Amine ( 0 6 5 5 1 1 7 1 57 5 6 6 m . 0 . ( 0 m . mm Al u mi nates in che ( A eters in p hys che f o f m . Mf . o in mf g . che g

u in chem. o f Al u minothermic red ctions Use ( 50 294 3 f o r accu mul ators

m. f o f . in m g . che f o r cells . General

Al u mi nothermics f o r p r imar v cells . 5 6 6 8 1 5 6 39 1 m. ( 0 m. Alu minu m in che Ammoni a in che ( 0

m. e t . o f in m in mf g . che 6 m . me t . f o f i i in mf . o Al loy s in L qu d . g che

Analyses o f in me t .

o f h m. o f ) i u m a u m mf . Mfg . (by p rocesses Ammon l in g c e

o f M fg . Electric 5 6 392 m u m. ( 0 Uses o f co p o nds in che 5 6 39 2 2 6 5 t m. ( 0 Working o f carbona e in che 5 2 . 6 5 5 6 6 6 f m . i mf . o m . ( 0 comp ou nds in che n g che

6 6 5 6 39 2 . i n m. 0 o f m. ( in mfg . che chloride che 43 6 6 6 2 o f m. 5 mf . chloride in chem. ( 0 in g che

u m. o f m. y i in che in mfg . che h dros lp h de 5 6 6 6 2 ( 50 6 39 2 hy droxid e in chem. ( 0

1 f m . 6 6 mf . o o f m. ( 0 - n g che in mfg . che 1 3 5 6 39 2 2 m . 5 6 6 6 2 . h v dr o x 1 de i ( 0 oxid e in ch em. ( 0 n che 6 6 5 3 1 o f m. ( 0 6 6 0 mf . o f m. ( in g che in mfg . che 1 5 5 6 39 2 5 6 6 6 2 28 m . ( 0 m. u S ili c ate i n che ( 0 s lphide in che

m . 1 6 6 . f 6 6 . i mf . o o f m. 0 n g che mfg . che ( 6 2 ( 50 7 8 t r m u . Org anic c e ll con v er e s co p o nds 5 6 4 5 1 1 7 6 46 m o f m. ( 0 m. 0 u for s che c e ll s in p hys . che ( Amorpho s o f 6 2 0 m - o u meters T e ch n iq u e. ( A p ere h r

m . u mu . cond u c t or s in p hy s . che fo r acc lators 1 23 8 8 ( 50 1 1 Amphotere elect rolytes ( 50 1 1 7 44 3 1 5 5 7 33 o f ( 6 2 0 ( 50 1 1 T e ch ni q u e reactions 5 6 6 6 8 3 ( 0 o f m. m mf . Al u ms i ii che Analyses in g che 6 6 8 3 o f m. in mfg che in me t . f e m 50 3 in mf o . ( Ch r ome . g ch Ch e mical . General 6 6 s a u 5 4 i e m. An a ly ses . Q alitative ( 0 Arsenates n ch 5 49 7 mf Electric 0 . o f m 6 6 6 45 ( in g che . ( 0 u ( 50 5 r 5 6 1 1 2 Q antitative A sene in chem. ( 0 9 i 50 53 f m 6 6 96 3 Electr c ( mf . o 6 43 in g che ( 0 .

A nhy drides . Arsenic in chem ( 50 6 1 9 1 1 m 5 6 2 1 3 h . Ino r g anic . in c e ( 0 f m . o f m in g che .

o f m. in mfg . che mf . f acids in g o chem. 6 4 5 7 7 m. Org anic . in che ( 0 mf f m . o 4 acid in g che . 6 5

i o f m. mf . n g che m u 5 1 co po nds in chem. ( 0 6 9 1 2 f 5 1 4 Theory o ( 0 mf f o m. in g . che 6 6 7 Aniline dyes in chem . tech . ( ) Org anic ( 50 7 9 l 6 6 9 8 7 7 482 i E l e c t r o . m u . An al s bst p ( 0 5 oxide in chem. ( 0 6 1 9 1 2 Anions ( 50 1 1 7 36 mf . f o m. 1 2 in g che . 3 6 6 9 8 7 5 An n ealing ( 0 . Arsenides in chem. ( 50 6 1 9 1 3 o f 5 1 1 7 448 8 Anolytes . Theory ( 0 mf o f m . in g . che Anthr a cene ( 50 7 28 m u f . o f Arsenio s acid in g chem. 5 6 8 8 5 Antimonates in chem . ( 0 6 44

m 8 6 5 m . i o f . 5 6 1 9 1 4 3 n mfg . che Arsenites in che ( 0

5 1 mf . o f m 6 8 6 i . Antimony in chem. ( 0 n g che ’ d A r s o nv al u mu in me t . acc lator

. m Uses o f 9 in phys che . ‘ Working o f Techniqu e o f alloy s ( 6 6 50 2 8 6 6 Asia (5) m 5 6 8 6 2 compou nds in che . ( 0 Assaying mf f m. mf o f m. 8 6 o in g . che in g che m 2 5 6 8 6 . 2 2 06 s u lphide in che . ( 0 33 Associations ( ) m m . o f m. 6 6 1 m in mfg . che ( 0 8 6 At osphere Electroche ical p heno 5 i 5 1 1 trichloride in chem . ( 0 6 8 6 2 1 33 ena n ( 0 7 7 7 f m i i o f f . m . o 8 6 43 in g che . Radioact v ty m 2 m . 5 2 2 . 5 1 Apparatu s . Che ical General . ( 0 Ato The ( 0

m . m m . 2 u in che ( 50 8 A ric co p see Gold co p .

m . u 4 Elect rolytic . in che A stria ( 36)

m. 5 28 2 u 5 1 3 Electrothermic . in che ( 0 A tocataly sis ( 0 3

mf o f m u 5 2 8 1 General . in g che . A tocataly tic processes ( 0 9

u i in me t . A toelectrolyt c p rocesses m 5 2 8 1 o f m af 1 9 . Applic ations che . [ ﬁx] ( 6 6 0 1 in che ( 0 6

f o f m. o f me t p rodu cts [affix] in m g . che m t 6 6 5 3 009 e . 8 7 6 1 o f the obj ect . . in ( 0

- 2 . m . 5 7 u t m u mu . Arc di scharg e ap p . in che ( 0 8 7 A o obile acc lators Techniqu e o f ( 6 2 0 37 7

m . t Arc f u rnaces in chem . ( 50 28 Au to obiles Elec ri c

- 2 3 5 52 o . 5 u o f 6 . A z 7 8 Techniq e ( 0 5 . bodies ( 0 lamps Azoxy - bodies ( 50 7 8

5 1 1 7 4 c m a 5 23 spectra ( 0 . 9 Ba ii a n e s . Che ic l ( 0 Arg on ( 50 6 2 Ballasts f o r oxide lamps

- f mf o f m. o 5 . 6 6 9 9 6 5 in g che ( 0 3 Bank notes . Electrotypy ( ) m 5 m m 4 Aro atic hy drocarbons ( 0 7 2 5 Bari u in che . ( 50 6 3 1 1 m i v . acid der vati es in che ( 50 7 7 in me t . 5 m acids ( 0 7 i comp ou n ds in che . m Bariu m comp i n 1 Bis u th in chem . ( 50 6 8 7 1

5 6 48 1 2 me t . 9 hy droxide in chem. ( 0 in ( 6 6 ) 7 8 7 — 3 m u i f o f m. . m m . i 2 n g che co po nds n che . ( 50 6 8 7 1 2 f f m 5 6 43 m . o m oxide in che . ( 0 in g che . 8 7

o f m. . . in mf g . che Bleaching Elect 6 43 1 2 u f 5 . M . o f sul phate in chem. ( 0 liq ors g

1 5 . mf m . 6 Mf f o f . . o in g . che p owder g 4 1 44

u . . m. 5 Barretters . Liq id Blend Zinc in che ( 0 6 47 2 22 33 5 1 1 7 242 mf m . . o f m in phys . che ( 0 in g che . m 5 6 1 1 5 i o f Bases in che . ( 0 Block ng electrotyp es

o f m. in mfg . che Blowp ip e analysis ( 50 4 Theory o f ( 50 1 4 Bl o wp ip ing ( 50 2 5 Basicity ( 50 1 4 Bohemia (437 ) ” ” f H i m . r . 5 24 o u mul Baths . eat ng . in che p oc ( 0 Boiling acc ators i - Sand ( 50 24 Boil ng p oint elevation o f solu tions ( 50 1 1 42 24 Bat teries . Accu mul ator l - t o m Primary Boi ing p oin s f che icals ( 50 1 1 6 o f solu tions ( 50 1 1 4 7 2 u mul Battery testers . Acc ator Books . Text ( 02) Bau xite (mineral) m Borates in che . ( 50 6 2 7 5 Beakers ( 50 2 2 mf o f m. in g . che Bendi ng o f metals ( 6 6 50 8 7 2 mf f m . o 56 Ores in g che . Benzenes ( 50 7 26 m e t . 6 6 9 5 6 4 5 1 in ( ) Bery lliu m in chem. ( 0 i mf o f Borax n g chem . ( 6 6 0 in me t . f mf . o 6 6 2 6 5 m . 6 5 6 4 52 Boric acid in g che ( 0 compou nds in chem. ( 0

m. 5 6 2 7 3 45 Borides in che ( 0 mf o f m. in g . che mf . o f i n g chem. Bibl iog rap hy (091 ) 5 2 m. 6 7 1 ’ ’ m 5 6 2 6 5 Boron in che ( 0 Bicarbonat es in che . ( 0 m f . f o m . f f m in g che o . in m g . che m un i 5 6 27 2 co p o ds n chem . ( 0 Bichr omate cel ls mf o f m in g . che . 5 1 1 7 6 43 m. in p hy s . che ( 0 l i 5 6 2 7 2 ch or de in chem . ( 0 o f 6 2 Mfg . ( 0 mf f 43 . o m . . 5 6 7 6 6 2 in g che Bichromates in chem . ( 0 5 2 2 Bottles in chem . ( 0

o f m . in mf g . che 5 6 5 8 2 4 7 Brass in chem. ( 0 6 u mu Binders . Acc lator m 5 in e t . 5 1 1 7 6 1 7 m. Cel l . in p hy s . che ( 0 General p lating (elect ) r u u 5 1 1 7 7 3 B a n t bes in chem. ( 0 Primary cell ( 6 2 0 Techniqu e o f - 1 7 5 u m. Bin di n osts . Acc g p ’ Brau n s law ( 50 1 1 7 1 23 Cell . General Bremer arc lamps 3 7 5 8 . British America 7 1 ) Primary cell m 5 6 1 4 5 Bro ates in chem . ( 0 Biog raphy (092) f 47 5 m . o 6 6 in g f chem. ( 0 m 5 28 6 7 24 Bipolar electrodes in che . ( 0 Bromic acid in chem ( 50 6 1 4 5 in elec . eng in . m o f . in mfg . che 5 6 1 4 3 Bromides in chem. ( 0 m o f m 24 in fg . che

f m. in mfg . o che in me t 4 B r omi n e i n chem f o f m u m i r m m . . m B o ine in g che Calci hy pochlor te in che . m 5 6 1 4 6 5 acids in che . ( 0 3 ( 0 6 4 1 2 47 mf f o f m . o m 6 6 in mfg . che . in g che ( 0 1 4 1 442 m 5 6 1 4 2 m compo u nds in che . ( 0 oxide in che . ( 50 6 4 1 2 mf f . m i mf o f m. o . . 4 1 1 2 n g che in g che . 3 5 6 1 4 43 Br o mi t e m . m 5 6 4 1 s in che ( 0 p hosphate in che . ( 0 2 1 8 5

m. mf mf . o f . o f m . 4 1 35 in g che in g che . 6 5 7 4 S r m f m m. i 5 B o o or in che ( 0 licate in chem. ( 0 6 4 1 2 — i mf mf f m. n f c h . o . o m e . 4 1 6 7 in g che g . 5

me 56 u t . m 5 Bronze in s lphate in che . ( 0 6 41 2 — - 56 in f t i t mf . o m . 1 pla ng (elec ) g che . 6 1 5 5 2 8 7 4 Br u sh discharg e in chem. ( 0 Calibrat ion

f o f m. o f m . in g che chem. instr u ments ( 50 1 1 1 57 8 apparatu s o f electric instru ments

Bu o f u mu m mf o f m ckling acc lators Calo el in g . che . 006 B u ilding s . electrodes ( 50 1 1 7 557

5 1 1 7 . 6 35 m . u l . M f o f B nsen cel s in phys che ( 0 g . u o f m m Techniq e Calori etry in che . ( 50 1 1 6 B u rette s ( 50 23 Canada (7 1 )

u e l e c t r o l . fo r m uf u B rnishing in p Cans an act res . 004

- fur Bu s bars . Electric nace

- mf f h e m. B u . o c y p rod cts in g o f m p ri ary cells .

in me t . . o f . im Capacity Electric pr ary cells . f M g . as M etallic m o f Electroche ical . primary 004 Use o f . General . cell s . ( 50 1 1 7 6 2

f o f m . in m g . che i Capillar ty in p hy s . me in t . m in phys . che . ( 50 1 1 2 437 Ca d mi u m in chem ( 50 6 48 1 Cap illary analy sis ( 50 4

me t m in . electro eters m 5 6 48 2 . . 5 1 1 7 5 5 7 compou nds in chem. ( 0 in phy s che ( 0

48 M f . o f in mfg o f chem . g 5 6 3 6 1 m Caesi u m in chem . ( 0 Carbide arc la ps m m in me t . ﬁla ent la ps u m m 5 4 1 o f calci in che . ( 0 6 2 comp ou nds in chem . mf o f m. 4 1 . 6 5 m 6 6 1 36 in g che . 3 in mfg o f che . ( 0 o f m 5 6 28 1 2 5 24 silicon in che . ( 0 Calcining in chem. ( 0 f f m 6 6 . 2 5 m . o 6 7 6 3 in g che . ( 0 f m. in mfg . o che m 5 6 26 3 6 6 2 8 33 4 Carbides in che . ( 0 in me t . ( 0 f m mf o . 5 6 4 7 1 in g . che Calciu m in chem. ( 0 5 7 3 Carbohydrates in chem. ( 0 in me t . 6 6 3 f o f m . 7 m 5 6 4 1 2 in m g . che ( 0 comp ou nds in che . ( 0 in m 5 6 26 1 o f m 4 1 . in mf g . che . Carbon che ( 0

m f o f m. 5 4 1 m . carbonate in che . ( 0 6 2 in g che

mf o f m 4 1 6 55 u o f m 5 6 25 in g . che . . g ro p ele ents ( 0 m m 5 6 4 1 2 a h . chloride in che . ( 0 s lts (and oxides) in c e — m 1 4 5 6 2 6 2 f . 4 3 in mf . o g che . ( 0

o f elements ( 50 6 6 in mfg o f chem. 2 1 u 5 6 . 3 . u Carbon dioxide in chem. ( 0 Cells Poro s see Poro s cells

m . m . m mf o f . i 5 1 1 in g . che Pr ary in phys che ( 0 7 6 2 5 6 2 6 2 22 3 dis ul phide in chem. ( 0 A pparatu s fo r 6 52 6 1 3 f m 6 . f . 6 o mf . o 6 2 5 in g che ( 0 Standpoint applic . ( 0 3 4

m . mf . o f o f mf g ases in g che St andpoint g . 5 6 2 1 3 o f monoxide in chem. ( 0 Standpoint service

m . f o f . o f in m g . che Tech prop erties 1 m 5 6 26 2 33 . u m tetrachloride in che . ( 0 Secondary see Acc ul ators 43 mf o f m . in g . che . states in iron Techniqu e o f

2 5 . . m 5 6 6 . m Carbonates in che . ( 0 Standard in phys che mf o f m 5 1 1 5 in g . che ( 0 7 5 7 5 1 1 s mf o f m . 7 6 32 4 (ore ) in g . che ( 0

m . 6 2 5 o f E . m. 5 6 . M F 1 Carbonic acid in che ( 0 in eas . ( 50 1 7 552 m 6 55 u o f o f . in mfg . che Techniq e f M . o E . F f 5 1 1 a mf o f m. . o 7 534 g s in g . che Theory ( 0 m i u u m mf o f m . Carbor nd in g . che Ther oelectr c

. m 5 1 1 2 in phy s che . ( 0 7 8 8 5

f . 004 Care o the object in service Techniqu e o f

. u l . E l e c t r l Casing s Cell Cell oid o p . on 5 28 3 7 1 Electrol tic app ( 0 m . — y Ce ent Electroplating on me t m Cast iron in Ce entation ( 6 6 0 8 7 5 . o f m Casting etals Central stations . Elect rical 5 1 33 m . E Catalysis ( 0 Cera ics l e c t r o p l . on

f 2 - 7 8 94 . . o r 6 3 Cataly tic actions App ( 0 Ceriu m in chem . ( 50 6 6 2 1 m 5 2 89 1 . processes in che ( 0 in me t .

mf o f m. . in g che compou nds in chem . ( 50 6 6 22

me t . m f in f . o in g chem. 6 2 f m reﬁning o che icals g rou p compou nds 5 1 33 o f . 6 Catalyzers ( 0 in mfg . chem Catap horesis ( 50 1 1 7 mf . o f m 4 1 . 3 Chalk in g che . App aratu s f o r Chaperon cells t 5 526 6 2 Ca hode rays ( 0 f 5 . i Charg es O ons etc . ( 0 1 1 7 3 6 4 3 o f 5 1 1 7 448 8 Catholytes . Theory ( 0 Charg ing o f a c c u u ml at o r s 5 1 1 7 36 Cations ( 0 3 5 stations (fo r acc u mu lators) ( 6 2 0 . 3 i i m 5 6 1 1 5 Cau st c s n che . ( 0 Charts ( 02) m o f . in mfg . che m 5 1 3 Cells see also Elements Che ical action ( 0 afﬁnity ( 50 1 3

i . m m 5 1 1 7 6 46 analy sis see Analy s s Che ical i . n phy s che . ( 0 u 2 2 ap parat s . General ( 50 m. Cop per oxide . in phys . che t l m . E l e c r o . ( 50 1 1 7 6 46 co p p on equ ivalents ( 50 1 2 Electrotherap eu tic . f mu l 5 1 9 M f o f 8 or ae ( 0 g . r 5 22 1 operations . Gene al ( 0 m. 5 1 1 7 6 2 General in phys . che ( 0 6 6 Techniqu e o f technolog y ( ) o f c h e mi c e l e c t r o mo t iv e Lig ht - sens i tive theory forc e ( 50 1 1 7 51 m. 5 1 1 7 6 8 in phys . che ( 0 m “ P . M f u f i a C. o f Techniq e o Che c ls g .

f m o f m u t t r an s m o f Colloidal or s che icals Cond i s in . elec . (afﬁx ) 5 fo r electrochemi cal apparat u s

m. Mf p r ocesses in che g . o f m f . fo r in mfg . o che t hermoelect ric ap paratu s 6 6 5 8 37 6 3 f . o in me t ( 0 M g . f ( 6 2 1 ) 36 5 7 6 g (06 r e ﬁmn g o f chem . Con resses )

i . . r stat e Connect ons Electrical For elect olyt ic t u m . 2 54 S3 . 7 5 solu t ions ap para s in che ( > s t t i Condu ctivit y o f 432 Con an ne in phys .

Colloids 89 1 Mfg . o f

v . i M t 6 6 1 n s t h s . m Color ng . e al ( ) Co ants in p che

t t t h e o r v . O f c h e mic e l e c t r mo Colu mbiu m see Niobiu m Con ac o t v f o f m . Co mbu s t 1 bl e s in mfg . che i e orce

22 Container s . Accu mul at or

6 6 9 l . in me t . ( ) Cel General

T h e o r v o f t mi Combu stion . Elec roche cal m heat s P r i ar v cell Comp u t at ion tables Cont racts (003) t 6 6 5 8 33 7 - e l e c t r o l s i Concent rat ing in me . ( 0 Contra y ' v - He n i t t o f m. in mfg . che Con erters Cooper o f Mfg . Concent r at ion cells M a n ~ t erc s at ic M fg . o f solu tions Use o f l e c t r l c H t . e Concent rat ors . ea For Co n r e v e r s f o r t l elec rochemi ca ap p . fu rnaces

Condensers . Electric f o r m ther oelectric ap p . E l e c t r o ly in h s c h e m p y mf o f in elec g .

M f . o f 44 g i t m n elec ro e r .

U s e o f 6 2 1 3 1 4 . 37 ( ) t r Cooking u e n s ﬂ s . Elect ic 6 7 7 25 6 9 8 . 5 Co n du c t ify ing in e l e c t r o p l . ( 6 ) E l e c t r o p l . on 2 2 2 5 o f e l e c t r o t v p e mat r 1 c e s ( 6 5 5 > 7 52. Cooper He w m lamp s ( 6 2 1 ) 42 Co n du c t i v it v as a p henom. Copp er in chem . t as a p roper y me t in . I sohydric l o . A loys f . in me t Molecu la r m Analyses o f . in e t . o f a m 7 7 E le c t ropla ting o f ( 6 6 203 7 7 S e e also c o n du c u n t v o f g a se s me t . 6 6 9 on . in copper ( ) 5 4 7 1 7 4 ( , ’ l in e l e c t I O p .

O J. m o f c h e mzc al s mf . W in g che it h . in copp er 34 in e l e c t r o p l . o f m t i me t 6 6 9 e als n ( ) Mfg . o f (by processes) f s o lu t zo n s o (by p rodu ct s ) ( 5451 1 4 7 7 Electric Reﬁn in g o f Electric

Mf o f 6 2 1 7 2 . 2 YV o r k in o f t . t . 3 Condu c ors Elec ric g . ( ) g Theory o f 2 3 Us e s o f

f 5 c o ni u n ds i m . Use o . p n che

o f m . 56 Special mix t u re 37 2 2 7 in mfg . che ’ m u m l a w Copper carbonate in che . Co lo b s ( 50 1 1 7 1 2 3 ( 54) Theory o f ( 50 1 1 1 4 7 4 — . u m . i f o f m. in m g . che Covers Acc conta ner m 5 6 56 2 t chlorides in che . ( 0 Bat ery container

56 43 i r in mfg o f chem. Cell conta ne 5 6 56 2 i 5 1 3 oxides in chem. ( 0 Crit cal points ( 0 5 — 6 . 1 u i l m o f m. 6 e e c t r o li . c m. in fg . che ( 0 Crookes t bes n pheno 5 6 56 2 s u lp hat e in chem. ( 0 in g ases ( 50 1 1 7 7 3 1 — 5 . 6 1 5 6 6 . 1 6 l mf o f m. e e c t r o t h r 2 1 in . i a . 6 g che ( 0 n e ap . p p ( 5 6 56 2 s u lphide in chem . ( 0 in radioactivity 1 5 o f m. 6 6 . 6 in mfg . che ( 0 condu ctors Cr u cible fu r naces 5 1 1 7 23 m . in phy s . che ( 0 Cr u mbling o f a c cu mul ator electrodes Y

“ mf . f o f . i M g . see re g 4

u i mf . Cr sh ng in g o f c hem . 5 e n . Use o f . in elec . g in me t . 6 6 1 8 3 3 2 Copper oxi de cells ( 0 o f chemical s ( 50 2 2 m 5 1 1 7 6 42 in phy s . che ( 0 Cryohy drat e s ( 50 1 1 4 8 93 o f Mfg . Cry olite ( o r e ) Cores fo r e l e c t r o c h e m . app .

f o r t hermoelectric app . y a f m o f Cr st lline or s chem . {afﬁx}

mf . o f in elec . g in e l e c t r o me t t l at \V o Cry s al iz ion . ater f ( 50 1 8 t 5 1 2 Corp u scles in at om . heory ( 0 Cry stallizer s in c h e m . p r c c e d u r e ( 50 26 in di s s o mat io n ( 50 1 1 7 36 Cry stallog raphy 50 8 u in elec . di scharg e thr g ases Cry st als . Co n dt i c t i y i t v 0 1 5 0 1 1 7 4 39 ( 50 1 1 7 7 23 42 Elect rop l a t ing on ( 6 6 0}

5 1 1 7 . 7 f . t s Discharg e o in o g ase ( 0 Cu p r o n acc u mu lator 3

u u i 2 5 Cu r o n h s c m 5 Corp sc lar rad ations p cell in p y lie . ( 0 1 1 7 6

. t t i Mf . o f 6 31 3 2 Corrosion Elec roly c g ( ) 5 . 1 m 2 7 o n du t t r an s . in c Cur r e n t de n 5 1l t y 2 ‘ . t i 6 mi o c ( 0 c . o f h e m in elec trac on ( in ele 6 6 0 .

m . e l e c t r c . e x e in p hy s che n o p i . ( 50 28 1 u im t Corrosive s bl a e in e l e c t r o me t

f m . i mf . o n g che e Inﬂ u nce on e l e c t r o iy ms Coru ndu m ( 5451 1 7 4 44 3 f m . in mfg . o che y 1 n e l e fﬁ c ie n c . e Ct r o c h e x p e r ( 50 28 1 Co r v m e lh m i . eters n elec eng in . 03 Costs . 0 M fg . o f See also Price - list s ( 002) Use o f i x 2 me t e r s n e e r h e m. 5 8 1 . 7 Co u l o mb p . c ( 0

r . in e x p e chem . 7 in hy s chem. ( 50 1 1 7 1 57 p shapers Mfg . o f

u t . ur t i . d r elect ro c hemical C rren s Sat a on in ischa g e t r u a 6 1 Use o f h g ses

E l e CI r l . u t . o Cou nter electromotive force C lery p on o f accu mul ators Cu tting o f metals

o f . cells General Cyanates in chem . ( 50 7 1 5 f m o f . pri ary cells i n mfg . o chem C an ide s m. v e x e r . in che Dessication in p chem . ( 50 24

o f m . in mfg . che Deteriorations 004

m. m n Cy anog en in che Dialy sis in che . a al . ( 50 4

m u m. e x e r . co p o nds in che in p chem . ( 50 2 6

o m . in mfg . f che Diamines ( 50 7 8 m Dia ond in chem. ( 50 6 2 6 1 3

m o . in fg . f chem Diap hrag ms D a m a s q u i n e r ie mf . o f in elec g . chem .

m. 5 1 1 7 6 32 4 Daniell cells in che ( 0 i e l e c t r o me t n . 732 352 5 3 ( 0 Acc u mu lator

Data . Tabu lated Cell . General Decay o f metals ( 50 1 8 Electrolytic app . o f radi oactivity ( 50 52 5 46 3 e x e r m. 2 in p . che ( 50 83 7 3

Deci iu m . ( 5 6 6 93 1 M p 0 . etal see Electrodes . Bipolar

M f . o f Decoherers . g Primary cell

m . m Deco p osition Che ical ( 50 1 3 Dia r ie s (08) by electric di scharg e in g ases Diazo - bodies ( 50 7 8 5 1 1 7 7 24 4 ( 9 Diction a ries ( 03) valu es voltag es) as phenomena m u m (Didy i ) in chem . ( 50 6 6 4 m t in e . ( 6 6 10 7 64 i 5 1 1 7246 as propert es ( 0 compou nds

. mf o f . Definitions Chemical ( 50 1 1 1 2 2 in g . chem 6 4

Electrochemical Dielect r i c constants

in radioactivi ty in elec . eng in .

fo r 6 2 3 7 8 2 . m . 5 1 1 7 2 Dehydr ation . Elec . app . ( 0 in p hy s che ( 0 38 4

M a . M f D e io n iz mg terial g . o f ( 6 2 0 37 2 25 Denmark (48) Use o f i 5 m. 5 1 m. 1 1 7 24 Densit y in p hy s . che ( 0 1 1 431 Dielectrics n phys che ( 0 7 Determination o f Diffu sion ( 50 1 1 42 5

. m i e x e r . m e x r 5 2 . 5 2 in p e che . ( 0 3 Dig est on in p che ( 0 6 law o f corp u s c ul ar radiation Dilu tion o f sol u tions ( 50 2 6 la w s o f condu ctivity

r i . o f chemic als (p henom) ( 50 1 2 Discharg e . Elect c see al s o Radio t i i y 51 52 5 (p rop . ) ac v t ( 0 m i e x e r . 5 o f solu tions ( 50 1 1 4 7 1 n p che . ( 0 28 7 mf f m t a . fo r o Dentistr y . Elec ric pp in g che

m t i z D e h r at io n A t r u 5 1 1 7 7 2 Dep hleg a on ( y d 1 p p . h g ases ( 0 f o r Typ es o f t in m . 5 2 8 i . 7 4 Depolar zers exp or che ( 0 3 . Elec rodeless Accu mu l ator o f a ccu mu lators

Ge a 6 2 D is mfe c t i o n . Cell . ner l ( 0 Electric o f sew ag e m. 5 1 1 Pri mary cell . in che ( 0 7 6 2 o f r wate in chem. Mfg . o f ( 6 2 0 Theo r y o f in eng in .

f . M fg . o app fo r D e o mt io n . c r i c . E l e c t r o l s m p Ele t see y . o f u mu r Disinteg ration acc lator elec Elect r opl ating . Elect otypy Des ig ns ( 004) trodes Desmotr opy s e e Ta u tomeri s m ( 5 0 1 7 o f e lements ( 50 52 53 1 5 2 D i s mt e g r at i o n s from a chemi cal e l e Electr icity 7

m f 5 6 9 1 o ent [a ﬁx] ( 0 Applications f . Indu str ial D is s o c ia nt s ( 5 0 1 1 7 3 7 8 8 Atmospheri c s e c ( 510 52 5 2 1 9 Dissociating powe r ( 50 1 1 7 3 2 Chemic . Techniq u e o f Dissociation see also Chemical affinity Theory o f ( 50 1 1 7 6 f m m Electric ( 5 0 1 1 7 3 3 ro co b u stion u o f o f sol u tions ( 50 1 1 4 7 47 Techniq e heats ( 50 1 1 6 Theory o f ( 50 1 1 7 6 48

M . u f o f sol u tions ( 50 1 1 4 7 4 ech prod ction o Thermal ( 50 1 38 Propag ation o f

5 2 6 . m . 5 1 1 7 2 Dissolving in chem . ( 0 in phys che ( 0

. m . . 5 1 1 7 3 7 o f m. in mfg . che Ionic in phys che ( 0

. m. 5 . 1 1 7 2 9 in me t . Static in phys che ( 0 m o f 5 24 Trans ission . Distillation in chem. ( 0 u f o f wood Techniq e o T h e f i o r o n m. 5 y phys . che 1 1 7 2 Distillers . Electric ( 0 m 5 245 Ionic ( 50 1 1 7 3 7 e x r . 7 in p e che . ( 0 fi o f Electri cation see also Ionization , Mfg . 5 2 45 Dissociation ( 50 1 1 7 3 Dithionic acid in chem . ( 0 6 2 in g ases o f m . in mfg . che o f air . Docu ments (001 )

’ ’ t m . u - Elec rocap illary pheno in liq ids M . . Dou ble layer electricity in E . F

in p olarization Drawing o f metals E l e c t r o c h e m . equi valent Drawing s (004) o f m 5 1 1 7 5 59 f u series the ele ents ( 0 Drills . Elec . rnace m 5 1 1 7 Dru g analysis ( 50 3 Electroche istry ( 0 l Apparatu s f o r Drying in e e c t r o p l . mf . f i . o m . 1 5 2 4 Ap pl ed in g che ( 6 6 0 . ovens in chem. ( 0 2 8 2 3 D u ctility in me t . ( 6 6 0 me in t . . 6 6 7 Dyes in chem tech . ( ) a m m 5 1 33 Dyn ics . Che ical ( 0

. . 5 1 1 7 5 57 Dy namos Electrode Drop ( 0 f E l t f Electrode itting s . e c t r o c h e m . y p e s o u mu M 03 Acc lator E c o n o m y . ercantile 0 Cell Edison accu mu lator fur Electric nace . m . 5 1 1 7 in phys . che ( 0 6 6 6 m l 1 7 2 Mf Pri ary ce l g . o f lu minosit y ( 50 1 1 7 8 Edu cation (07 )

m u f c t u . ff an a re u . E iciency . C rrent A c c u mu l at r o A . 6 2 1 l . p p ( 7 2 x e e c t r o h m . in e p e r . c e ( 50 28 1 f A r e lamp mf . m in g o che . Electric fu rnace in me t . M t Elect rolysis ercan ile . 003 General in mf . f 1 1 . 1 Process g o chem( 6 6 0 . 3 8 m i ﬂ m t p h e n o . n u e n c mg decomposition in e . val u es Electric discharg e see Discharg e . Electric tiring ( 50 1 1 7 6 8 E l e c t i o de s e l c t i l e o . in p 7 . Electr omotive force f i om c h emical

m . e x e i . c 5 2 3 7 2 in p he ( 9 - action s e e : A Cc u ii i u l at o r Ch e mi c e l e c t r o mo t iv e fo r c e 54 1 ( , > Calomel Non - c hemical

. M f . f 6 2 n . o g . 352 53 in elec e in g ( 0 o f u n u l at o r s acc 32 . 2 I s e o f 6 2 354 3 ( 0 o f c e l ls . Gen er al

i n . h m phys c e . 5 1 1 57 ( 0 o f im e l 6 2 2 2 pr ary c l s ( 0 . 5 1 1 7 6 5 2 4 T r ( 0 l e c t r o n s in at omic theory Cell . 1 1 7 1 1 1 T S . [ chem . Comp os 1 te . Arc l a mps 1 1 1 1 221 7 6 0 1 3 21 1 6 3 9 . A f p p . f o r ( 6 2 0 M fg . o 7 2 7 . 3

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1 " e T h 1 4 P i imai . 6 2 3 52 1 7 2 e 0 o f 4 y c ll ( 0 8 . 47

‘ . E l e c t r o dial v s is E l e c t r o s zo n e s 1 1 1 1 1 a Qdi o ac t iv 1 t v 53 525 ( > . 7

- i 1 Elect r o e n g r avi ng ( 6 n chem . ( 54 1 1 1 257 El e ctro - et ching ( 6 6 01 8 7 7 9 1 Elect r ostat ic rig idit y

H 1 1 Electr oly sis (p h enomenon ) i s e ti o s t 1 1 0 71 5 1 ( 50 1 1 21 2 47 t h i n . t r t i t r u t c elec ac on Elec o erap e i ap p .

m. 5 2 s in e x p e r . che ( 0 33 cell

in u n derg r ou nd t ransmis s ion i " l e c t r o t h e 1 mal { 1 an s fo r m a s e n in el c e g in .

Ap p a r atu s f o r 1 1 1 ‘2 p hys . c hem . ( 50 1 1 7 6 i 2 n r . e x e r . I d ect in p r t e m a a Elect o h r ic p p . n d mamp u l a t io n 2 e x e 1 n c h e m. 5 8 6 . 1 Int ernal . in p ( 0 e x e r . m in p che . ( 50 2 82 i S e c o ndar . n v p roc esses

v m . 5 2 3 7 4 E l e c t r o l t e s in e x e r . che 0 8 p ( mf . o f in g chem . “ r mu 0 1 A m. lat m in e t .

in . . elec eng in r e ﬁn ing o f chemicals

m. 5 1 1 7 6 in phy s . che ( 0 o f meta ls

Cell . General Elect rothermics in

. . in elec eng in in p hy s . chem. ( 50 1 1 7 2 7

m. in p hy s . che Elect rotint ( 6 5 2 2 7 m l Pr i ary ce l Electr oty py ( 6 5 2 2 7 E me s e e l . 6 3 5 1 4 in e lec eng in . ( 0 le nts also Cel s 5 1 1 2 Chemical ( 50 6 s . 7 6 in p hy chem. ( 0 5 1 1 7 5 3 1 T h e o r v o f Concentration ( 0 3 Electromanometer ﬂames Disi n teg r atio n o f E r 1 1 in elec . eng in . lect ical ( 50 7 5 343 ” L i . m 1 1 3 in phys chem. q d ( 50 7 5 32 E l e c t r o me t all u i gy T ransformation ( 50 1 1 7 5 33 1

o r 6 2 f u App . f ( 0 E manating power o corp u s c lar i 5 52 5 46 2 Electr ometers rad ations ( 0 5 1 1 1 5 5 2 1 2 . u r 5 56 5 in chem ( 0 7 E manation . Corp sc u la ( 0 2 3 3 f . o f 6 . 8 7 . in elec . eng in . M g ( 0 condens a t ion app . Use o f Radi u m ( 50 52 5 3 1 6 43 2 2 5 2 52 3 1 6 8 4 1 m. ” u m 5 5 Capillary i n p h y s . che ( 0 Thori ( 0 m g 00] Emanation . Uranium Experi ents in operatin E x l o s mn s a c c u mu fat o r Emanium in r adi o ac t . p in charging 0? Employees . 0 04 . 0 E mp l o y me nt of obj ect 5 1 1 43 9 1 06 E mulsions ( 9 Fa c t o r ie s . 0 Encyclopedias (03) Faraday ’ s law of Endosmosis ( 50 1 1 1 22 Faure accumulator

Electrical Chem . of E ndo t li e r mi c reactions

Bo u n d - Energy . and free Faure Plante accumulator

r a n s fo r mat io n s t h e r mo c h e m . 5 1 1 7 6 4 t in Chem . of ( 0 6 5

Mfg . of

- 5 1 1 1 1 1 - Ch e ni ic electric . ( 9 Feed mechanisms for elec furnaces ( 6 2} Eng ineering in elec . engin .

Electrical in mfg . of M ( 6 2 1 ) echanical in met . ( 6 2 8) Sanitary Ferrates in chem . ( 59 6 7 2 5 g ( 42 En land ) iii mfg . of chem . (008— 4 2 ‘ English patents ) F e r r i c an d ferrous compoun ds

. . 5 2 Engraving Electro in chem ( 0 6 7 52. l E l e c t r o . . p Engravings of in mfg . of chem . 7 2 5 1 3 4 Equilibrium . Chemical ( 0 F e r r i c v an i de s and ferrocyanides 5 1 36 in solutions ( 0 5l- . 6 99 in chem ( } . 1 8 Ra oactive di in mfg . of chem

1 7 . Ferro alloys in met .

Er um) in chem . ( bi Fertilizer mfg .

m me . t Mfg . of app . for 5 in mf c f . 6 comp . g chem Filament compounds E s s av s ( 0 4) in ph ys . chem .

E s ters in chem . Mfg . of

n mfg . of chem . i Filaments . Use of. see m Esti ates Incandescent lamps ( 6 2 1 ) 32 6

E ching . Electric t Filtering in chem . f o elec ro ypes . t t in mfg . of chem

E her s iii chem . t in met . f h . m . in g of c em a Filters . R g;

Eudiometers in chem . anal . a r l 6 6 9 Finishi n g in e l e c t o p . ( >

n phys . chem . s 5 2 2 i Fla k ; in e x p e r . chem . ( 9 5 6 1 6 1 5 Flu o r at e s in chem . ( 0 Eudiometry in mfg . of chem . Eur ope ( 4 Fluorescence . Dissociation theory of Eutectic alloys in met . ( 50 1 1 7 339 in phys . chem . 5 1 1 7 1 36 32 Fluorescent lamps Evaporation . Electrical ( 0 Execution properties of corpus c ular radiations Exhibitions 5 6 1 6 1 3 Exosmosis Fluo rides in chem . ( 9

in mfg . of chem . Exothermic reaction s Expenses (ores) in izi fg of chem in . 5 6 1 6 1 1 . . o 5 2 2 Fluorine chem ( 0 Fusion Electric in exp r chem . ( 0 8

. in mfg of chem in mfg . of chem .

d . . 49 aci s in mfg of chem in met . — e x 2 e r . 5 84 l . 5 1 1 2 . F u O i in e comp in chem . ( 0 6 5 Electrolytic in p chem ( 0

. . in mf g . of chem . in mfg of chem

mf . 6 6 9) Fl u xes in g . of chem . in met ( t 5 1 1 9 in met . Tempera ures of ( 0 G d ii 5 X I I l a n n i u m . 6 6 5 4 1 Fl U g in met . in chem ( 0 Focus - tubes in radioactivi ty ( 50 525 7 in met . 5 9 42 F ood analysis ( 50 3 compounds in chem . ( 0 6 6

mfg . f m . Forg ing in met . in o che Gaiff e cell s ap p . Electric . l . 5 6 6 8 1 Formation heats ( 50 1 1 6 Ga lium in chem ( 0

5 1 n met . Formul ae . Chemical ( 0 9 i 5 6 6 82 compounds in chem . ( 0 . . 5 1 1 1 2 36 Math in phys . chem ( 0

. 6 8 in mfg of chem . Y 2 Physical in r a di o ac t iv it ( 53>52 5 . 3 Galvanic b at t e i see France (44) y B atteries . Cells . Elements . Freezing- point lowering ( 50 1 1 4 224 Galvanism see E l e c t r o p l : Freezing - points Galvanocautery . App . for o h m 5 1 1 6 in t h e r m c e ( 0 . Gal v an o g lyp h i c s of liqui ds ( 50 1 1 2 43 Galvanoglyp hy ( 6 6 9) of solutions ( 50 1 1 4 7 2 Gal v an o g r ap h s 008— 44 rench patents . ( ) F Galvan ography 5 1 1 7 3 7 3 8 F . riction Ionic ( 0 5 1 1 1 5 7 Galvanometers in chem . ( 0

mf . Fuels in g of chem in elec . engin . Mfg . of

in met . Use of

Furnaces . Electric Galvanoplastics see Electrotyping 5 28 2 1 4 in e x p e r chem . ( 0 Gas accumul ator in mfg . of chem . 5 1 1 7 6 6 5 in phys . chem . ( 0 in met .

5 4 Accessories for analysis . Q ualitative ( 0 Q uantitative ( 50 5 Standpoint of app . 5 1 45 in . 1 7 6 of service cell s phys chem . ( 0 mf i l Tools for g , man pu ation ,

Mf . Compresse . g of and repair d l 5 1 1 534 5 elements ( e e c t r . ) ( 0 7 Fused material . Electrolysis 5 27 manipul ation in chem . ( 0 in (phenom . ) Gaseous forms of element [afﬁx] salts . Electrolysis of 3 in o 5 284 exp r . chem . ( 0 525 states . Ultra ( )

in mf g . of chem . Gases in mfg . of chem . in met . in physics ( 501 3

u o f 5 1 1 7 . 438 su stances . Con e . ( 0 5 1 1 3 b d in phys . chem . ( 0

Fuses (A p p ) Mfg . of Conduct ivity in (phenom . ) Compo un ds for ( 50 1 1 7 42 8 29 1 5 1 1 7 2 44 in phys . chem . ( 0 of (property) 5 1 1 4 4 Mfg . of Dissolving and solution ( 0

t io n a c 1 d Heat of i s s O Ci a Hydrobromic 5 6 1 43 of formation in chem . ( 0 4 7 3 f ionization in mf g . of chem .

m r . in e l e c t r o c h e . Hyd ocarbons Aromatic series 5 7 2 5 m . in t h e r mo c h e . in chem ( 0

of n e u t r ah z at io n in mfg . of chem . 5 7 2 y . ( 0 in chem . dynam . Fatt series in chem 7 2 . . in t h e r mo c h e m. in mfg of chem 5 6 1 3 of reaction Hydr ochloric a Ci d in chem . ( 0 6 6 2 f . 5 1 33 . o 0 . ( in chem . dynam ( 0 in mfg chem 5 1 1 6 Hy dr o ﬂ u o r ic i n t h e r mo c h e m. ( 0 acid 5 6 1 6 1 3 2 2 8 . . 5 1 1 7 ( 0 phenomena . Ele c ( 0 7 in chem 6 6 2 493 5 2 4 in mf o f chem . ( 0 Heating in chem . ( 0 g

5 245 7 Hv dr o e n . Electric in chem . ( 0 g in chem 6 6 96 1 . . ( 0 Mfg . of app . for in mfg of chem 1 1 2 5 6 . 50 1 1 6 compoun s in chem . ( 0 Heats . Latent of chemicals ( d

1 1 4 7 6 . of solutions ( 50 in mfg . of chem 2 2 1 Speciﬁc peroxide in chem .

1 1 6 . tone ( 50 in ni i g . of chem

5 6 1 1 2 2 2 .33 Heliography sulphide in chem . ( 0 — 2 1 3 96 . 6 6 6 . ih . . 0 He h o t yp e s mfg of chem ( 5 5 Hv dr o e n at i o n Helium in chem . ( 0 g 5 2 89 1 . . ( 0 in mfg . of chem . in expor chem 5 1 33 29 . group of elements ( 50 6 in theor . chem ( 0 50 1 33 Helm h oltz normal cells Hydrolysis ( A c c u mu l at 6 2 557 me t e r s . 50 1 1 7 . Hv dr o ( 0 F . r \ I . i n E . measu ement ( 2 50 2 3 3 . ( 5 1 1 7 . 6 in p a ys . chem . ( 0 Hydrometry 5 6 22 32 2 l . ( 0 6 0 . Hydrosu phides in chem v f . ( - l g of ‘ 6 6 3 . 0 von Helmholtz s law ( 50 1 1 7 1 2 in mfg . of chem ( 50 6 1 1 5 . ( He vvl t t converters Hydroxides in chem

. O 9 ) . Hi s t O i y ( in mfg of chem ' 5 3 1 4 42 Hittorf s theory ( 5 0 1 1 7 8 7 1 Hypobromites in chem . ( 0

. . u . in mfg of chem Hoppers . Electric f rnace

. Hypobromous acid i u mfg of chem 3 1 5 6 1 4 42 ( 6 9 5 8 37 1 in chem . ( 0 47 4 2 . in mfg . of chem 6 1 3 42 ( 4 39) Hypochlorites in chem . ( 50

5 6 1 1 5 . . Hyd r ates in chem . ( 0 in mfg of chem y pochlorous ac 1 1 mfg . of chem H id

5 6 1 3 42 1 1 0 2 5 1 4 . ( 0 T h eory of ( 0 in chem 442 5 7 8 . Hydrazo - bodies ( 0 in mfg . of chem 5 6 1 1 3 H y dride s in chem . ( 0 Hyponitrous acid

in mfg of chem . in chem .

6 6 . 2 6 24 . 2 s h m u s . 0 of p h o p in chem in mfg . of chem ( 5 6 1 8 2 1 1 3 ( 0 5 6 1 8 . 6 2 . ( 0 3 Hypophosphates in chem 6 32 . 96 in mf g of chem ( 6 6 0 . in mfg . of chem 5 6 1 5 3 Hv dr i o dic aci n chem . ( 0 d i 5 6 1 8 42 2 483 o h o s ph it e s in chem . ( 0 . 6 6 v p m mfg . of chem ( 0 6 6 ‘ mfg m. ( 0 5 6 1 9 1 4 2 in of che Hv dr o ar s e n i t e s in chem . ( 0 Hy p o p h o s l i h o r i e acid Insulators

1 2 1 1 5 6 5 6 . i n chem . ( 0 Instruments 3 6 2 . n . 2 in mfg . of chem Accumulator i cas ( 6 0

Hypophosphorous acid Cali bration of. in

in chem . in elec . engin . ' v in mt of chem . Cell measuring

c l c c . c n i n . Hyposulphites chem . Electric in g

in mfg o r chem . Mfg . of Hyp o s ul p li u r o u s acid Use of e x r 54 2 1 in p e . chem . ( 7 8 7

2 l e r o l 5 2 6 1 4 e x e r . e c t . 53 7 8 in mfg . of chem . in p ( 0 7 1 7 Bg n it e r s , Catalytic in mfg . of chem .

2 55 7 5 9 4 . Mfg . 0 in met

i i a Ign t on C talytic Electrochemical in e l e c t r o c h e m . ( 5 2 8 9 1 x r . l n e p e . chem 0

5 1 3 5 in theor . chem . ( 0 (in function) e e x r . . 5 2 32 Electr c n p chem ( 0 6 6 9 S 1 1 i i Electroplating on ( > . ‘ 1 2 7 D. . . M i phy chem u S c al E l e c t r o p l . of

App . for ( 6 6 10 6 1 h ‘ . . - J Impregnation Electric t s i c o c h e ni ic al ( 5 r ﬂ l 1 . 57 2 P r zu i ar y cell measuring Improvem e nt 00 1

x Impurities in e p e r . chem . Interference plating ( 6 6 10 8 7 7 2 7 2 1 1 5 2 ' 1 1 1 . 6 6 . mfg of chem . ( 0 ﬂ e h u e lt Interrupters . 2 9 in me . 5 1 1 7 6 1 6 t in phys . chem . Q( 0 h - 1 1 9 . 1 38 in p ys Mfg . of 01 Incandescent igniters Inven t ion . 0 6 2 326 1 5 5 lamps ( 0 Iodates in chem ( 53 0 6 i o za i i o In ca ors . Theory of. in d s s c n di t in mfg of chem . 5 1 1 7 3 39 1 1 2 theory ( 0 Iodic acid in chem .

. 48 5 Indium in chem n mfg of chem .

. in met Iodides in chem . ( 5) 5 6 6 7 2 . compounds in chem ( 0 in mfg . of chem . 6 2 0 3 1 4 Induction coils ( 5 4 6 1 5 1 Iodine in chem . ( 0 fur naces in mfg . of chem . 1 1 3 7 6 6 . in mfg . of chem . ( 0 5 6 1 5 2 compounds in chem . ( 0 8 37 in met . 6 6 1 4 8 2 in mf g . of chem . ( ) 56 Mfg . of 1 5 acids in chem . 5 6 h e mi s t r . Inor ganic c v ( 0 6 6 2 in mfg of chem . ( 0 In s titutions 5 7 4 Iodoform in chem . ( 0 Instruction (07 ) in mfg . of chem . Instructions ( documents) for con lon concentration see Dissociat ion struction work (005) ( 50 1 1 7 3 t n w o r k in for preserva io and g of f i 54 1 1 7 . 7 7 orm at on . Atmospheric< > material ( 006 ) h e o r v 5 1 2 in service (007) I o n an ds in atomic t ( 0 5 1 1 1 36 . Insulat i on compounds . in phys . chem ( 0 5 1 1 7 36 4 Mfg . of Ionic charges ( 0 Use of Ionic in gases Iron . Tests of

v friction \V o r k i n g of

. 5 group comp in chem . ( 0 6 7

in gases in mfg . of chem . 7

masses comp see also Ferri c comp .

in chem . ( 50 6 7 2 2

in gases in mfg . of chem 7 2

volumes conductors in elec .

in phys . chem ( 50 1 1 7 23 in gases impurities Ionization oxide c c ll s " h i l corpuscu ar radiations Isohydric solutions . Cond . ( 50 1 1

Isomerism . ( 5 0 1 7 heats ( 50 1 1 6 Italy (45) J c k of gases a e t s . Electric furnace Thermal ( 50 1 1 6 in mfg . of chem . 7 1 7 i n Ionized air met . Ions in atomic theory ( 50 1 2 Mfg . of 7 1

J . in gases ( 50 1 1 7 7 23 42 ars Accumulator 1 7 1

. 6 2 . 5 1 1 7 6 Cell General in phys chem . ( 0 3 ( 0

5 1 1 1 5 Primary cell as s 1 . Discharge of . into g e ( 0 J E . l e c t r l t v i 1 1 444 4 ewelry o p l . of Effects on e e c r o l s s ( 50 7 . ’ 1 1 7 3 7 8 2 J ul 5 1 1 7 2 7 2 Transference nos . of ( 50 o e s law ( 0 Velocities of ( 50 1 1 7 3 6 43 Journals (O 5) Ke i o n e s ( 50 7 6

’ ’ K n in gases ( 50 1 1 7 7 23 42 all gas in chem . ( 50 6 1 1 5 1 8

Ireland ( 4 1 5) in mfg . of chem .

K . Iridescent plating ( 6 6 50 6 7 7 32 7 2 rypton in chem ( 50 6 29 4 1

5 mfg . f m . Iridi um in chem . ( 0 6 93 1 in o che K u mas c o p e s in met . 5 9 2 in elec . engin . compounds in chem . ( 0 6 3 in phys . chem . ( 50 1 1 7 2 42 in mfg . of chem . 93 L a b o r a t o r ie s (07) plating . Electric . 5 2 1 5 in chem ( 0 Iron in chem . ( 0 6 7 2 1 in mfg . of chem . i n met . 6 6 in met . ( 0 A n a l v s e s of Lal ande a ccumulator ti 6 9 1 43 Cast < > . cells r E l e mr o iat in . e l e c t o l p g on in p . Lamination ﬁgures in l iq u i ds ( 50 l l 2 . 43

in iron met . Lamps . Arc W ith 3 Electric Malleable Fluorescent

Mfg . of by processes Incandesce nt (by products) Vapor 5 6 6 3 1 Electric Lanthanum in che m . ( 0

plating (electric) ( 6 6 05 6 7 7 3 1 in met . 5 6 6 32 Pure in met . compounds in chem . ( 0 6 3 reﬁning in mfg . of chem . ' Electric L a v ms ie r s l a w ( 50 1 33 Leaching in mfg . of Light ( 50 5

in met . Polarized . Electric rotation of the

Lead in chem . plane of ( 50 1 1 7 6 8 6 6 4 in met . ( 0 Propagation of ( 50 52 5 52 5 Analyses of. in met . Radioactive ( 0 Electroplating of Lighting . Electric l Light - sensi ve cells e l e c t r o . on . in p ti

. . 5 1 1 7 6 8 in lead met . in phys chem ( 0 w ith Mfg . of

Lime in chem . ( 5 6 4 1 2 Mfg . of (by processes) 0

. . 4 1 1 23 (by products) in mfg of chem . Electric Linings . Cell

plating (elect . ) Electric furnace t Reﬁning of Electroly ic app .

Electric in elec . engin . e x e r Uses of in p . chem . Work ing of Lippmann electrometer see 5 6 51 8 2 ll m All oys of. in chem . ( 0 Capi ary electro eter u f 5 2 7 in met . Liq e action ( 0 5 6 5 Liqui cells ( 5 1 1 7 533 2 group compounds in chem . ( 0 d 0 5 L iq ui d f o r ms of elem e nts [ afﬁ x ] 5 6 6 in mfg . of chem . ( 0 5 6 51 2 Liqui s in physics 5 2 compounds in chem . ( 0 d ( 0

51 . m . 5 1 1 2 . in phys che in mf g . of chem ( 0 5 6 51 2 acetate in chem . ( 0 Conductivities of — 5 1 7 7 1 5 1 1 7 423 22 t . . ih mfg . e chem in ( 0 i o f 5 1 1 5 6 51 2 2 6 5 4 . 5 carbonate in chem . ( 0 Dissolv ng and solution ( 0

6 55 . mf h m 6 6 . l 5 1 . c e . in g . of ( 0 Electrolysis in (phenom ) 5 6 5 1 2 chromate in chem . ( 0

o f c h e m . in mfg . Polarization by 5 6 51 2 5 1 1 7 2 38 3 nitrate in chem . ( 0 Resistance of ( 0 t 6 6 1 5 1 . 6 25 in mf g o f chem . ( 0 . Special ypes of 5 1 2 5 6 5 1 2 . . 1 8 oxides in chem . ( 0 in phys chem ( 0

1 2 in . 5 6 51 2 1 5 1 . 3 6 6 . in mfg . of chem . ( 0 Litharge chem ( 0

. 1 . 1 2 5 6 5 1 2 mf . 5 3 sulphate in chem . ( 0 in g of chem 4 1 1 5 i m . 5 6 3 5 1 . 6 in mf g . of chem . Lith u in chem ( 0

5 6 5 1 2 . sul phide in chem . ( 0 in met — 1 5 1 . b o 6 6 . in mfg f chem . ( 0 Mfg of ( y processes) Leakage of accumul ators Electric

in . 5 6 34 2 Le Cl an c h e cel ls compou nds chem ( 0

. . 5 1 1 7 6 42 34 in phys chem ( 0 in mfg . of chem .

. 5 6 342 Mfg of hy droxi de in chem . ( 0 u 04 34 Lect res ( ) in mfg . of chem . Letters (04) Lixi viatin g in i 03 Lex cons ( ) in met . 08 e x r . 5 26 Librari s ( ) Lixi viation in e p e . chem ( 0 l . Lids Accumu ator Locomot ives . Electric

. l 003 Cell Genera Losses (ﬁnancial) of manuf actur e . Electrolytic app . Lu n ar caustic 6 6 1 Pr imary cell in mfg . of chem . ( 5 2 e x e r . 2 Luting in p . chem ( 0 Manometers ( 50 2 7 r in mfg . of chem . Manufactu e

in met . Manufacturing plants 006 006 7 M a c h in e r y . Mass action ( 50 1 32 Magazines ( 05) Matrices in electrotypy ( 6 50 2 2 7 52

5 6 4 1 - Magnesium in chem . ( 0 6 Matte electrodes 1 7 2

. e l e c t r o l in met Matting in p . 5 6 44 group compoun s in chem . ( 0 - d . Measurements phys . chem. ( 50 1 1 1 5 44 i n mfg . of chem . u Meas ring in chem . 50 23 5 6 46 2 compoun s in chem . ( 0 d Medals . Electroplating of 497 46 in mfg . of chem . Electrotypy of 5 6 46 2 carbonate in chem . ( 0 . 6 2 38 Medical apparatus Electric( 0 . 1 5 4 55 / 6 . 6 in mfg . of chem . u t e n t il s . 6 2 3 . 6 4 6 Electrothermic( 0 . 5 6 46 2 chloride in chem . ( 0 Meidi nger cell

4 6 . 43 in mfg . of chem . . i in ele c eng n . 34 5 6 46 2 oxide in chem . ( 0 in phys . chem . ( 50 1 1 7 6 32 9 2 . 46 . 1 3 in mfg of chem . . . 5 Melting Electric in chem . ( 0 28 2 5 46 2 silicates in chem . ( 0 6 in mfg . of chem . 6 5 . 46 . 7 in mf g . of chem in met . 5 6 4 2 sulphate in chem . ( 0 6 - 1 Melting points ( 50 1 1 9 46 . 6 5 in mfg . of Magnetic actions Membranes . Accumul ator Cell . General e x . in p e r . chem

. e x e r deflection of corpuscul ar radiations Electrolytic app in p . chem . 5 ( 50 52 5 438 ( 0 2 88 7 3 Primary cell processes in mfg . of chem .

Mercury in chem . ( 50 6 58 1

in met . 58 in met . n compou ds in chem . ( 50 6 58 2 r e ﬁ n ing in mfg . of mf in g . of chem . 58 in met . h l 5 6 5 2 Magnetite arc lamps c orides i n chem . ( 0 8

. . 58 43 Magnetochemistry ( 50 1 1 8 in mfg of chem . 5 004 iodides in chem . ( 0 6 58 2 Maintenance . 6 . . 1 58 . 48 in mfg of chem ( 6 0 . 3 of material . (Documents) (006 ) i 5 6 5 2 sulph de in chem . ( 0 8 Manganates in chem .

6 . 1 5 . . 6 8 in mfg of chem ( 0 . in mf g . of chem .

static . converters Manganese in chem . Mfg . of in met . Use of 6 2 3 1 4 6 3 i 5 6 1 ( 0 compounds n chem . ( 0 7 2 mf vapor lamps in g . of ch e m . 7 1 5 1 Metal colorin g oxides in chem . ( 0 6 7 2 M l etal ic compou nds . rganic . . 1 2 O in mfg of chem 7 1 . 3 5 di oxide cell s in chem . ( 0 7 9

in mfg . of chem . in phys . chem . ( 50 1 1 7 6 42 l 27 1 Meta lochromy . Mfg . of steel Metalloids ( 50 6 1 Metall u rgy ( 6 6 0 Manganic acid . Mfg . of ur 1 1 1 Electr o . see Electrometall gy Manganine in phys . c hem. ( 50 7 2 4

Mfg . of 5 6 3 Metals in chem . ( 0 Molecules

. 6 6 F Mfg of ( 0 Molten see also used . mf . f . o . Co n du t iv 5 Native in g material c . of ( 4 ) 1 1 7 438

in met . Molybdates in chem . ( 50 6 7 7 5

Noble . in met . in mfg . of chem . l e n in . e c . e . Resist of in g Molybdenum in chem . ( 50 6 7 7 1

5 1 1 7 2 38 2 . e . in phys . ch m ( 0 in met

Electrolytic stripping of compounds in chem . ( 50 6 7 7 2

in mfg . of chem . 7 7 5 1 2 Structure of. in chem . ( 0 steel

. . 5 6 1 2 in met Molybdic acid in chem ( 0 7 7 5 1 .

. 5 6 1 8 6 4 . 6 6 2 Metaphosphates in chem ( 0 in mfg of chem . ( 0

in mfg . of chem . Mon ey . Electrotypy of ( 6 50 2 27 9 5 6 1 8 44 M e t ap h o s p h it e s in chem . ( 0 Mortars ( 50 22

in mfg . of chem . Moser rays .

Metaphosphoric acid Motors . Electric

. 5 6 1 8 6 4 l . . l t r o 2 3 2 55 . 1 7 in chem ( 0 Mou ds Accum e ec de( 6 0 .

in mfg . of chem . Cell electrode Metaphosphorous acid — Primary cell electrode 5 1 4 r in chem . ( 0 6 8 4 Mu iatic acid

in mfg . of chem . 43 in mfg . of chem . Metastannic acid Muse u ms (0 7 ) N il E l e c t r o l at in 8 . a s p g o n 6 6 . 7 7 494 2 in chem . ( 0 f h Nascent state 5 1 7 o c e m. in mfg . ( 0 Metathesis ( 50 1 33 Natural science ( 5) 2 1 m um m . 50 6 6 4 Meters . Electric . Mfg . of Neody i in che ( Use of in met . 5 Electrochemical (in function) compounds in chem . ( 0 6 6 42 2

in mfg . of chem . Metho s (01 ) 2 d Neon in chem . ( 50 6 92 1 M 7 2 exico ( ) . in mfg of chem . f Mica in elec . engin . M g . of Nernst lamps Use of Neutralization heats

. 5 1 33 in phys . chem . ( 50 1 1 7 2 47 in chem dynamics ( 0 h e r mo h m t c e . 5 1 1 6 Microphones . Powdered . in ( 0

- . 5 . . 5 1 1 7 2 4 1 in phys chem . ( 0 1 1 7 2 43 New silver in phys chem ( 0

243 Mfg . of 5 6 7 4 1 1 Migration velocities ( 50 1 1 7 36 4 3 Nickel in chem . ( 0 i M neralogy ( 50 9 in met .

Minerals in mfg . of chem . Analyses of

in met . Electroplating of M inimum in chem . ( 50 6 51 2 on

mf . . 5 1 . 1 23 in g of chem Mf g . of (by processes)

Mirrors . Mfg . of electroplate (by products)

Mixing in mfg . of chem . Electric

in . met platin g (elect . ) Molecul ar physics ( 50 9 Refin ing of volume ( 50 1 2 Electric w eight ( 50 1 2 Uses of 1 5 1 9 \Y Notat on . Chem cal ( 0 Nickel . orking of i i Al l oys of I Note - books (08)

5 6 7 4 1 2 O c c l u s io n s . compounds in chem . ( 0 Affect on polarization

in mf g . of chem . steel See also Adsorption ( 50 1 1 4 44 5 1 1 7 24 1 5 1 1 4 6 6 Mic h e l i n e in phys . chem ( 0 ( 0 6 2 3 7 2 22 cean a ( 9) Mf g . of ( 0 O i Niellos Ohmmeters

5 6 8 8 1 5 . . . o f 6 2 . 38 7 2 Niobates in chem . ( 0 in elec engin Mfg ( 0

in mfg . of chem . Uses of

5 6 8 8 1 1 . . Niobium in chem . ( 0 in phys chem O hm ’ s law ( 50 1 1 7 222 3 in met .

5 6 88 1 2 O . 004 compounds in chem . ( 0 peration 5 2 . 6 . . . perat ons queous in chem ( 0 in mfg . of chem O i A 5 28 5 6 1 7 5 t . m . ( 0 Nitrates in chem . ( 0 Elec ric in che 5 2 83 . m . ( 0 . Electrolytic in che in mfg . of chem 5 2 8 2 Elec rothermic . n chem . ( 0 (ores) in mf g . of t i O ( 50 5 in met . ptics

5 6 1 7 5 O . . Nitric acid in c hem . ( 0 res in mfg of chem

6 2 5 . in mfg . of chem . in met

. Electric smelting of acid cell s in phys . chem

( 50 1 1 7 6 32 3 in mfg . of chem .

in met . Mf g . of 5 6 1 7 3 rganic chemicals Nitrides in chem . ( 0 O 5 6 99 in inorg . chem . ( 0 . in mfg . of chem

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in mfg . of chem . 92 . 43

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