SWR2 Musikstunde Jazz Across the Border

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SWR2 Musikstunde Jazz Across the Border SWR2 MANUSKRIPT ESSAYS FEATURES KOMMENTARE VORTRÄGE SWR2 Musikstunde Jazz across the border Mit Günther Huesmann Sendung: 4. März 2017 Redaktion: Martin Roth Produktion: SWR 2017 Bitte beachten Sie: Das Manuskript ist ausschließlich zum persönlichen, privaten Gebrauch bestimmt. Jede weitere Vervielfältigung und Verbreitung bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung des Urhebers bzw. des SWR. Service: SWR2 Musikstunde können Sie auch als Live-Stream hören im SWR2 Webradio unter www.swr2.de Kennen Sie schon das Serviceangebot des Kulturradios SWR2? Mit der kostenlosen SWR2 Kulturkarte können Sie zu ermäßigten Eintrittspreisen Veranstaltungen des SWR2 und seiner vielen Kulturpartner im Sendegebiet besuchen. Mit dem Infoheft SWR2 Kulturservice sind Sie stets über SWR2 und die zahlreichen Veranstaltungen im SWR2-Kulturpartner-Netz informiert. Jetzt anmelden unter 07221/300 200 oder swr2.de 1 SWR2 Musikstunde: Jazz across the border SWR2, 4. März 2017 9.05-10.00 Uhr Manuskript: Günther Huesmann Redaktion: Martin Roth Mit Günther Huesmann, guten Morgen! Herzlich willkommen zu einer aktuellen Ausgabe von Jazz across the border. Signet Heute feiert ein ganz besonderer Musiker seinen 70sten Geburtstag: der norwegische Saxofonist Jan Garbarek. Was hat man nicht alles aus seinem Ton heraus gehört: Feuer und Eis, die Süße von Trauer und Melancholie. Kein anderer hat unser Bild von dem, was skandinavischer Jazz bedeutet, so sehr geprägt wie der Norweger. Er hat wesentliche Anstöße zur Emanzipation des europäischen Jazz gegeben. Vor allem aber hat er uns die Ohren weit geöffnet für die Klänge der Welt in der improvisierten Musik. Und deshalb widmen wir ihm die heutige Ausgabe von Jazz across the border, und sagen: Happy Birthday, Jan Garbarek! 1) Weaving A Garland Komponist: trad./Jan Garbarek Interpret: Jan Garbarek ECM 1200 LC 02516 CD: Eventyr Track 4 2:13 Jan Garbarek am Sopransaxofon, er gilt als überragender Klangmaler auf seinem Instrument. „Weaving A Garland“ spielte er zusammen mit dem Gitarristen John Abercrombie. Jan Garbarek ist ein bedeutender Pionier des Euro-Jazz. Ein Spieler, der mit seinen Reflexionen über skandinavische Folklore und Balkan-Melodien unzähligen Musikern den Weg gewiesen hat. Denn der Saxofonist zeigte, dass man durch die Besinnung auf die eigenen musikalischen Wurzeln einen potenten Jazz machen kann - jenseits der Kopie amerikanischer Vorbilder. Heute ist es nichts Besonderes mehr, wenn sich Improvisatoren auf das vielfältige Erbe der nordischen Sounds und der world music beziehen. Anfang der 1970er Jahre war dieser Saxofonist fast allein: Jan Garbarek. 2) Folk Song Trad. Interpret:Charlie Haden/Jan Garbarek/Egberto Gismonti Label: ECM 1170 LC 2516 CD: Folk Songs Track 1 3:30 2 Jan Garbarek, Sopransaxofon; Charlie Haden, Kontrabass und Egberto Gismonti, Gitarre mit „dem Folk Song“. „Das größte Jazz-Musik-Talent, das Europa nach Django Reinhardt hervorgebracht hat“, so hat der Komponist George Russell Anfang der 1970er Jahre einmal Jan Garbarek bezeichnet. Ironischerweise war es ein Afroamerikaner, ein berühmter Jazzer aus den USA der Jan Garbarek darauf brachte, skandinavische Folklore in seine Musik zu integrieren: Don Cherry. Da war Garbarek 17 Jahre jung, er spielte mit Cherry bei einer Jam Session, und mit allem hatte Garbarek gerechnet, aber nicht damit, dass ausgerechnet der Free-Jazz-Trompeter Cherry einen traditionellen norwegischen Folkloremusiker mitbringen würde. Von nun an reflektierte der Saxofonist Garbarek seine eigenen nordischen Roots. Er öffnete sich vielfältigen weltmusikalischen Einflüssen, besonders jenen aus dem asiatischen und indischen Raum. Ergebnis: Seine Linien erschlossen plötzlich Räume von magischer Weite: Traumbilder von entrückter Schönheit. 3) Witchi-Tai-To Komponist: Jim Pepper Interpret: Jan Garbarek-Bobo Stenson Quartet ECM 1041 LC 02516 CD: Witchi-Tai-To Track 4 4:24 „Witchi-Tai-To“, der indianische Jazz-Song von Jim Pepper, Jan Garbarek hat ihn mit seiner Interpretation von 1973 weltberühmt gemacht. Und das Quartett, das hier spielte – das Jan Garbarek-Bobo Stenson-Quartett – gehörte damals zu den erfolgreichsten Tour-Bands. Jan Garbarek hat den flammenden „Cry“ der Free-Jazz-Saxofonisten auf dramatische Weise elegisiert und ästhetisiert. Dass man seine Musik mit Fjorden und mit Eisblöcken verglichen hat ist allerdings etwas irreführend. Der Bassist Eberhard Weber, in dessen Band Garbarek viele Jahre lang gespielt hat, weist darauf hin: kaum ein Saxofonist spielt so laut wie Garbarek, sein Ton hat die Kraft – Garbarek- Verächter würden sagen die Penetranz – eines Schneidbrenners. Jan Garbarek ist Autodidakt. Mit 14 Jahren gab es einen Wendepunkt in seinem Leben. Er hörte zum ersten Mal John Coltrane. Das war 1961. Seine Eltern saßen im Wohnzimmer und lasen Zeitung, das Radio lief. Die Musik kam aus einem kleinen Mono-Radio und traf den jungen Garbarek ins Innerste. Da dachte er:„Das ist wunderbar, dem möchte ich nahe sein.“ Coltrane hätte, glaubt Garbarek, jede Art von Musik spielen können. Coltrane hätte die Fähigkeit, durch sein Instrument zu sprechen. Es war das Stück „Countdown“ aus Coltranes Album „Giant Steps“, das den jungen Norweger zum Jazz brachte. Garbarek hatte einen tragbaren Plattenspieler. Jeden Morgen, beim Zähneputzen, bevor er zur Schule ging, hörte er darauf das Album „Giant Steps“. Nach zwei Jahren kannte er die Platte auswendig. Garbarek sagte: „Coltrane war der Meister – und ich wurde einer seiner vielen 3 Lehrlinge. Er war nicht nur ein Meister, sondern auch ein Zauberer. Was von seiner Musik ausging, war nicht nur der Effekt handwerklichen Könnens, sondern etwas Mystisches. Trotz dieser vielen Töne, dieser immensen Aufregung, dieses Brennens, trotz allem war da ein ruhendes, ja statisches Element. Etwas Schweres.“ sagte Garbarek. Aber er hätte es genauso gut über seine eigene Musik sagen können. Befreit von seinem Vorbild, spielte er 1973 diese Version des kubanischen Revolutionsliedes „Hasta Siempre“ ein. 4) Hasta Siempre Komponist: Carlos Puebla Interpret: Jan Garberek-Bobo Stenson Quartet CD: Witchi-Tai-To Track 3 8:10 Ein Meilenstein des frühen Euro-Jazz. „Hasta Siempre“, Jan Gabareks Version der kubanischen Melodie mit einem Ausschnitt aus dem Album „Witchi-Tai-To“ von 1973. Damals stand der Garbarek-Sound für eine radikal andere Saxofon-Ästhetik wie sich die israelische Pianistin Anat Fort erinnert. Die Tradition des Saxofonspiels, besonders des Jazz-Saxofonspiels war damals sehr festgelegt. Es habe da einen bestimmten blues- und bebopfixierten Klang gegeben, den die Saxofonisten anstrebten, der Sound der verräucherten Clubs und Jazzkeller. Und dann kam dieser andere Sound: als ob da jemand auf dem Berg stehe und zum Wind spielen würde. Dieser Unterschied zum traditionellen Ansatz habe sie in den Bann geschlagen. Ein großartiger Musiker, meint Anat Fort. Und im nächsten Track „Viddene“ spielt Jan Garbarek buchstäblich mit dem Wind, oder genauer: mit einer Windharfe, die an der südnorwegischen Küste steht und die von den landeinwärts wehenden Winden der Nordsee zum Klingen gebracht wird. Ein weiterer Mitspieler ist der Gitarrist Ralph Towner. 5) Viddene Komponist: Jan Garbarek Interpret: Jan Garbarek Label: ECM 1093 LC 02516 CD: Dis Track 3 5:36 Der „Polarstern des nordischen Jazz“, wie man ihn genannt hat. Jan Garbarek ist ein Zauberer der Melodie. Diese Eigenschaft – seine Fähigkeit, Klänge zu finden mit einem extrem hohen melodischen Gewicht – hat den norwegischen Saxofonisten schnell in Kontakt mit einem anderen Melodien-Magier gebracht: mit dem amerikanischen Pianisten und Bandleader Keith Jarrett. In dessen „europäischem Quartett“ schuf Garbarek Juwelen des Jazz der 1970er Jahre. Jarrett leitete zur gleichen Zeit auch ein anderes Quartett, sein sogenanntes „amerikanisches Quartett“, das rauer, dichter, expressiver und experimenteller 4 spielte. Garbarek dagegen brachte Melos und Melancholie in das europäische Quartett – eine jubilierende Melancholie, die zum Markenzeichen des Saxofonisten werden sollte. Mit Jan Garbarek schuf das europäische Keith Jarrett Quartett Meilensteine des elegischen Kammer-Jazz: jubilierend und melodientrunken. 6) My Song Komponist: Keith Jarrett Interpret: Keith Jarrett Quartet Label: ECM 1115 LC 02516 CD: My Song Track 2 6:09 Das europäische Keith Jarrett Quartett mit dem Titelstück des Albums „My Song“ von 1977. Keith Jarrett, Klavier; Jan Garbarek, Sopransaxofon; Palle Danielson, Kontrabass und Jon Christensen, Schlagzeug. Nach John Coltrane hat ein anderer Saxofonist Jan Garbarek elementar beeinflusst: ein Mitglied des Duke Ellington Orchesters, der Altsaxofonist Johnny Hodges. Beim Anhören von dessen Soli, habe es bei ihm Click gemacht, bekannte Jan Garberek. Hodges zeigte ihm, dass man allein mit dem Sound mehr Geschichten erzählen könne als durch das Abspulen virtuoser Linien. In Johnny Hodges fand Jan Garbarek sein Rollenmodell. Es geht ihm nicht so sehr um das virtuose Befragen von musikalischem Material. Es geht ihm um das Zeichnen von Stimmungsbildern und Atmosphären. Der ebenso klare wie elegische Ton von Jan Garbarek, er gehört – mit seiner jubilierenden Melancholie, mit seiner klagenden Freude – zu den persönlichsten Jazzsounds, die aus Europa kommen. Sein Saxofonspiel zeigt: es kommt nicht auf die Fülle der Noten an, sondern darauf, dass der Spieler den Sound zu einem „Kraftwerk der Gefühle“ macht. Charakteristisch für Jan Garbarek ist auch, dass er sich nicht in der Enge nordischer Fjorde einrichtet und kein nationales norwegisches Süppchen kocht. Seine Musik ist – trotz aller Bezüge auf das
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