DhananJ8Y8l1lO GadgJl Library 1IlmllmllmmO GIPE-PUNE-OOI076 THE INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
CONTAINING
An Account of its Origin and Growth Full Text of all the PresHential Addresses Reprint of all the Congress Resdlutions Extracts from all the Welcome Addresses Notable Utterances on the Mov~ment Portraits of all the Congress Presidents
PRICE: RUPEES THREE.
PUBLISHED .BY G. A. NATESAN & CO., ESPLANADE,
ma~ras. \j 't, 4 \'{fc S,v ]; 107 b CONTENTS. --...... - PART :r. CONGRESS PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESSES. PA.GE. The Hon'ble Mr W, C. Bonnerji, Bombay-1885 I The Hon Mr. Dadabhal NnoroJI, Calcutta-1886 5 The HOIl. Mr Budrudin TyabJI, Madras-1887 24 Mr. George Yule, Allahabad-188S 36 SIr WIlham Wedderburn, Bombay-1889 56 Mr. Pherozeshah Mehb, Calcutta-I890 69 Mr P. Ananda Charlu, Nagpore-189l 94 Mr. W. C. llonnerJee, Allahabad-1892 113 Mr. Dadabhai NaoroJI, M. P., Lahore-1893 142 Mr. Alfred Webb, M. P., Madlas-1894 189 Hon. Surendranath Banerjee, Poona-1895 212 HOll. Mr. R. M. Sayam, Calcutta-1896. 3Q4 Hon. Mr. C. Sankaran Nair, Amraob.-1897 374 Mr A. M Bose, Madrlls-1898 399 Mr. R·C. Dutt, C I.E , ~ucknow-1899 461 Mr. N. G Challdavaf.T'.!Y', Lahore-1900 503 Mr. D E Wacha, Calcutta-190l 532 Mr. SU1·endlana.th Banerjee, Ahmedabad.--1902 ... 632 Mr. Lal Mohan Ghose,'Madras--1903 739 Str Henry Cotton, Bombay-1904 786 The Hon Mr. G. K. Gokhale, C.I E. Benares-1905 , •• 81$ Mr. Dadabhal Naoroji, Calcutta-1906 .. 854, The Hon Dr, R'.t.sh Behart Ghose. C.I.B't Surat-I907 887 The Hon. Dr. Rash Behari Ghose, C.I.E., Madras 1908 ,0, 921 PART II. lotable utterances on the Congress Motement. EXTRACTS FROM THE WELCOME ADDRESSES P.t.OB. Dr RaJendra LalllIllra 1 The Late RaJPoh Sir T Madhava Itow 1 The Late Pandit AJood!a Nath 2 Sir P. M :Mehta ;_4 3 The L ..te ~rr Mano Mohan Ghose 3 The Late Mr C Narayanaltwaml Naida 4 The Late Pandlt Bl8hambhar NaUa 4 The late Sardar DayDI SlOgb !.IaJlthl& 4 The late Mr P Ranglab Naida t; RAo Bahadur V. M. Bhlde fJ
The late Sir Rome8h Chunder Mltter ~. 6 Mr. G. S Kl>Dparde ' '1 Mr N Subba How Paotuhr '1 Babu Bansl Lal Ehngb 8 Ral Ka11 Prasanoa Roy Bahadur 8 Maho.raJ 13ahndur Jogadendra Nath Roy of Natore 9 Dewan Bahdur Amba La) SlI.kar Lal Delai 1J "1'be HOD. No.wab SaYYld Mahomed 1{) Sir Pherozeshah Mehta 11 The Hon Munshl lf~dhay Lal 12 Dr. Duh Behan Gho&e 12 Mr Tnbuvandaa Nr MalTI 13 MISCELLANEOUS UTTERANCES. The l~t~ Mr W C BonnerJee 14 Mr. Eardly Norton, Bar-at-LatD U The late Sir WdhaQl Wilson Hunter 17 Mr. JUltln McCarthy, M. P. 20 Sir ('harlel W. Dllke, Bar' 21 Mr. Herbert J. GJad8tooP, M. P. 22 Lord Randolph Churchill 2.1 The Government of India 23 Hon. Alfred Deakin, M LA. 2.'1 111e RIght Bon Sir Rtcbard Garth, Q. C. 24 The late 1Ir Robert KDlgb& 2j Lord Cromer 26 The la~ Mr. Charles Brodlaugb 21 Mr. Dadabh .. ~ Naol'OJl 30 The late' . Alfred Webb :to Babadnr P. Anaoda ('hula 31 e Jate Mr~.TustJce TYLbJe8 31 'Sir WillIam WedderborD 31 "!'be Statesman 31 The Time. (lodlaD AJfaln) 32 The Dally ChroBlC'le. (London), 32 Dewau Dahadur K. Knsboaawami Row, C.I.E. 33 PART III. Congress Resohllions. P~GE. FIrst Congress, :Bombay-1895 .. 1 Second Congress, Calcutta ...... 1886 3 ThIrd Congress, Madras-1887 9 Fourth Congress, Allahabad-l888 12 FIfth Congress, Poona-1889 17 SIxth Congress, Calcutta-1890 23- SeventhCongress,~agpllr-1891 29- EIghth Congress, Allahabad-1892 36- Nmth Congress, Lahore-1893 44: ':tenth Congress, Madras-I894 5() Eleventh Congress, Poona-1895 6() TwelflJl Congreu, Calcutta-1896 -68- Thirteenth Congress, Amraoti-1897 76- FOUl teenth Congress, Madras-1898 85- Fifteenth Congress, Lucknow-1899 96- SIxteenth Congress, Lahore-l900 105 Seventeenth Congress, Calcutta-1901 115- EIghteenth Congress, Ahmedabad-190!! 126- Nmeteenth Congress, Madras-1903 136- TwentIeth Congress, Bombay-1904 144: Twenty .. Flrst Congress, Benares-1905 11)2- Twenty-Second Congress, CalcuttJo-1906 162 Twenty-Fourth Congress, Madras-l908 169<
---:0:--- Gelteral in/(ffmation about the O(Yfl,gres8 for the yea2's, 1885 to 1908 (both inclusive.)
I Pla0810f Cllairmen of the Iva,. Meeting •• PRESIDENTS. Reception Commltteel. Ii! i I ::1e~ Q Z~ . ~"' 1 188;; }iombay. MI'. W. C. Bonnerjl , 2 1886 Ca.loutta. Tbe Hon. Mr. Dadabhal NaoroJI Dr RaJendra Lar Mitra . 3 1887 Madra.. Mr. Budl'udm Tyabjl ... . Sir T Madhav Rao · 4 1888 Allahabad. George Yule, EsqUIre Hon. Pandlt AJoodhlanath • · . I} 1880 Bombay. 811' WIlham Wedderburn, Bart . Mr Pherozeshab!I Mehta • 6 1800 Caloutta. The Hon. Mr. Pherozeshab M. Mehta •• Mr, Mano Mohun Ohole • · 7 1801 Nagpur. The Hon. Rill nahadur P. Ananda Charlu. MI C Na.rayanswa.my Naldoo 8 1802 Allahabad. Mr. W C. Bonnerl • • . P:l.ndlt Blshambhar Nath •• D 1893 J.ahore. The Hon. Mr. Da aLbal NaoroJI H.P. Bardar Dayallmgh MaJlthla · . 10 18W Madra.. Mr. Alfred Webb, u. P. • •• Hon. P. Rangayya Naldoo ... .. 11 1805 POOIII.. Mr. SlIrendra Nath BanerJi •• Rt 0 Bahdur V. M. Bblde • ... 12 1896 CaJoutta. lion. Rahlmatulla M. SayaDI • SIr Romesh Chandla Mlttar • 13 18U7 Amraotl. Mr. C. BaDki.raD NAIr • • • Mr. O. B. Khaparde • • • • ·... H 1898 ' Madl'Al. Mr. A. M. BOBe . • • • • • Mr N. Subbano PantuIu ...... 15 1899 Luoknow. Mr. U. C. Dutt •• • Baba DUOIl Lal Slogh • •.. 16 1000 I Lahore. IMr •.N. O. Chandavarkal' . • 1Rai Bahadut Kah PralaODa Roy •• 11 1901 Caloutta. Mr. D. E. Wacha •. • • •• llaharaj nahadur JogadeDdra Natb :toy of Natol'e ...... 18 1002 Ahmedabad. Mr Surendra Nath Banerji • Dewan B.hadar Amba Lal Saker La} 19 1003 Madra.. l'tr. IAI Mohan Ohose • The Hon. Nawab Syed Mahomed .. 20 l00! Bombay. Blr Henry Cotton Sir P. ll. Mehta ·. 21 1\lo.., Benarel. Tho lion. Mr 0 K.Uokhale, C I.B. The HOD.lbn.hi Madhn Lal ... 22 l{l06 Calcutta. Pdr Dadabhat Naol'oll Hon. Dr Rash Behan Ohoae. C.I B. ... 23 ' 1007 1 SUI'lt. Uon. Dr. Rash Behan Ohole, c I·B. }' Pdr Thnbhuv&ndu. N. MaIn ... 1.200 2! 1008 lIadru. 110D. Dr Raah Behan Obole, C 1.B. Dewau Bah.durK. Krlllhnuw.. mi Rao. el1 / TOTU ... I ~,521 b APPENDIX.
"The British power cannot there and elsewhere reat .ecurely unlellllitrestl.l upon the wJJhng con Bent of a 'ympathetio and con tented people." (Oxford. 2-3-1901),
" It III only by the conllent of the governed that the British NlIItlon can govern." (Pl1lmouth, 19-11-1901).
" What are these pnnClplea and facta P The VIrtue II, the effi cacy, the justIce of lelf-government. That II one Liberal pnnClple The appreCiation and encouragement of national lentunent. That IS another Liberal punClple The recogDltlon of the popular will oonstltutionally expressed through the people'll reprelentatlvel That III another Liberal pnnclple. That may do for prlDclple'l " (Le~ce8ter, 19-2-1902). " We Liberals are accustomed to freedom of thought and ac tion Freedom 18 the breath of our hfe • •• It pOSleSlea In two of Its most sacred dogmall, the only solution 01 the chief pro blems whIch confront our country in Impenal pohcy and In regard to our domestic needs ••• It i8 the Dnl1'8rs&l doctnne of gOY ernment by assent--government With tl18 consent of the governed • Why, there IS but ODe cardInal condltloD, agalD, 01 Liberal pnnclp1e-that of direct popular control by thOle concern ed. Now, these are two of the beacon II by which Liberal pohcy should be gUided." (NaUonaZL'/,beral Club,5-3-1902). " The prlDClples of the Party {Llberal)-not any new-fangled prlDClples, but the old oneil which were as good to-day and .1 muth required as they were two or three hundred yean ago-were the only prlDClples whlch could lead to the happmelll of the people and to the development of the power and prospenty 01 the community," (Sktpton, 10-12-1902). "If It can be shown that poverty, whether It be matenal poverty or poverty of phYSIque and of energy, il assoCiated 'nth economic conditions, which, though 8upported by the )ali'S 01 the cotmtry, are, neverthcless, conlral'J to economic la". and to pub bc polley, the State can intervene Without lear 01 dOlog harm." (Netl"jX)rl,30-11-1900) " Whahs the Liberal Pobcy P • • • W. etand for liberty Our poliCy IS the pobcy of freedom. It ia the pohey of freedom ID APPENDIX. iii all thmgs that affect the life of the people, freedom of conSCIence • • freedom from class a.scendency " (No1'W'Lch, 26-10-1904). "John Bull had lUaoy weak pOInts no doubt, but he had one good pomt above all othel's-that he hked that wIDch was straight forwatd and open and candid, and honest and above-board both ID language and m actIon." (Nat'l.O'lIaZ L'l.btn aZ Ulub, 1-6-1905). NolV, Leay, If there IS any man who IS a true John BulllD res pect of ittralghtforwardness etc, SIr Henry Campbell-Bannerman IS one. I prove WIth extracts from hIS utterances - " Our prmCIples, •• and one of those prlDClples, let me tall you, IS that the lDterests of persons, classes and sectIOns must. Yield to the generallDterests of the commuDIty." (Portsmouth, 16-11.1905) " Good government could never be a substitute for government. by the people themselves" (Slirling, 23-11-1905) " Ladies and gentlemen, so much for peace, so mnch for eco nomy-two cardinal LIberal prIncIples But here is anotlIer-self government and popular control and we beheve In that prlDClple. not only on grounds of Justice and OIl tile grounds of effectIVe ad· IWnlstratIon, but on thIS other ground-that It exercIses a whole some mfluence on the character of the people who .enJOY the PriVI lege," (Albert Hall, 21-12-1905). I'SIr, In all these subjects on whIch I have been touchmg, what IS the atm to be kept In VIew, what IS the star WIDch we ought to .keep our eyes upon, to see that we are movmg in the right dIroo bolt p It IS that we should promote the welfare and happlDese and interests, notof any partIcular class or sectIon of the commumty but of the natIon at large. That IS the work of true patrIotIsm, thelle a;:e the foundatIons upon whIch a. solId empIre may be bUIlt.'· (Albert Hall, 15-12-1905). " The new government had, he veluy beheved, the pubhc cons CIence, tlJe publIc sense of rIght, the public love of eqwty. WI~ these they would WID." (Lwerpool, 9-1-1906) " The present government would set themselves to apply the old LIberal prInciples to legislatIon and admInIstratIon, the pnnci- iv APPENDIX.
pIes of freedom, of equal treatment of all loobonl of the commu nity in cIVIl and ecclesiastical af.Jalrs. They will mclude the pnnci pIe of self-government, the idea that people knew belt about their own aft'aII's and would gIve up the old Idea that, there Ihould be some supenor people In the country Who were to teU theIr neiglr bours what was good for them." (Sl~rl,ng Burgh-Culroal, 12-1-19(0)• .. The pohcy and splnt, whICh would govern the action of the present Government, would be based on Justice and liberty, not OD pnvllegeand monopoly." (Glasgow, 15-1-19(6)• •• And the thtrd IS the behef that, In Ireland, .1 in every other oCountry throughout the Kmg'l dOmInions, lelf-government II the best and safest and healthiest baslll on whICh a commuDlty cao red." (Inverneaa, 18-1-1906). "We, lovers of our country, loveI'll of our consbtutlon, loverl of our public traditIons and loveI'll of plam deahng • • • I am proud and glad and reheved to see a reVIval of the old pohtlcal Ipi nt. • •• the spmt wluch made Llberahsm a moral force, a force makIng for Justice sustained by a behef 10 mankind, and anXIOUI to better the condition of our common bfe •• • It W&I a great up rismg agamllt a doctnne, a habit of thought and practice In publIo hfe, a method of government abhorrent to the conscience and heart of the nation." (Nalwnal Liberal Club, 14-2-19(6). DBCLARATION8 01' THB RT. HON. lOHN MORLEY " ImperialIsm by all means, It it mean. mercy, It It mean. humanity, If It means lusbce, but if It means your own demoralIza tIon, if It means lowenng your own standard of clvwzabon aDd hu maDlty, then, In the name ot all you hold preCIOUS, beware of it and reaiatit." (Sydney, 25-5-1899). "WJlen he (Mr. Gladstone) died, Lord Sahsbury BaJd of him that he was a great Chnatlan. Yes, and I would add, that he "&I DOt a Chnsban for nothing. I think he must often ban ueed to bimself the language of Wordsworth "Eartb il Sick aDd heaVeD is weary of the swollen words that States and Kingdom. utter, when they talk of truth and JUstice." He, at all events, lA face of an the demands of pracbcal pohbcs, dId h,. best to bnDg those COD- 1IlderatJons of truth and justice into the mmdB ud hearta of hi. APPENDIX. v countrymen. • But, I do say that Mr. Gladstone, when he saw the natIons gomg on a wrong path, saw hIgh In the heavens the> flash of the upbIted sword and the gleam of the arm of the Aveng ing Angel" (Manchester,-Unvetl'l.ng 01 Statue, 1~1~1901) • .. It IS thIs pohcy of passing measures for Ireland, WIthoUt. reference to the Irish themselves, that is l'esponslble for most of the mischief and mIsgovernment, from whIch Ireland has so long suffered • •• From observatIon of Insh Gov81"llDlent, from expenence of !nsh Government, from responsibility of Insh Gov ernment, I say to you, gentlemen, face to face, It is a bad Govern ment, It 18 a Government which no nation, no set of people can be expected to endure In peace, and It 18 a Govcrnment which we In our consCience ought to do our very best, when the tIme comes, when OppOrtUDlty presents Itself, to- put nght, as we have put so many other evIls in our own system of Government, nght." (Manchester, 12-3-1902). WIth how much more force do these words apply to IndIa J Thenagam. "We are gomg to have, 1 suppose-well, we may have a pro- posal to suspend the constItutIon of Cape Colony. Just PictlU"8 the scene in the House of Commons. The motIon IS made to pro teilt agaIDst the suspensIon of Parhamentary InstitutIons in the Cape Colony. We theu all get up, and we all make eloquent, pasSIonate, argumentatIve speeches m favour of the nght of the COIODles to govern themRelves. The next day, Mr. Redmond makes a motion m favour of glvmg Self-Government In one shape or aB other, to Ireland. We then all pick out a Bew set of arguments. What was on Monday unanswerable, on Tuesday, becomes nol worth mentIomng What was on Monday a sacred principle of Self-Government, becomes, on Tuesday, mere moonshIne and clap trap. That IS a comedy In wblch, I, at least, do not propose to take part. The Boers are to );lave Self-Government in order to make them loyal. The !nsh are not to have It, because they are dIsloye.l." (Edinburgh,7-6-1902). What a trne picture of the way in which India IS treated! .. We are Citizens, common cItIzens of a grand (lOUbtry; we are the he1r8 of a noble traditIon; we beheve that human progress vi APPEr-DIX •
.can only be won oy human effort -and that effort, I hope. aU of us In our different degrees, agel and lituatlons, \\ III pursue With .determlDabon, wIth un86lfishnesl and wIth a resolute dlrectnelll and slmphClty that mUlit In the end win a crownlDg VICtory." (NaltottaZ Liberal FederattO'l', Annual Meelmfl. 13-[,-IO(4). He was for bberty wberever tbey could get it• •• He looked forward to a vigorous, progrelslve, pacific, ration al pohcy. The new Government, he boped, would reallllG that oourage in large pohtIcs wal the true common len lie and tie looked forward to the true progressive movement. "Last Session, the whole Liberal Party in the House of Com monl voted In favour 01 Mr. Redmond'i Amendment, wblch Itated that the present system of Government in Ireland WILlI In OppOIl tion to the WIll of the Insb People, and gave thpm no vOice 1ft the management of their affaire, wal extravagantly costly and did not enJoy the confidence of any section of the population. was pro ductive of universal dl&oontent and unrest. and bad been proved to be Incapable of sabllfactordy promoting the matenal and intel lectual progress of tbe people.
"Surely then, It WILlI incredible that a Party, which supported an indictment RO damDlng, should bave no poht'y for deabng with euch a state of affairS. "He would recall the fact tbat. Sir Henry Campbell-Banner mau, tbe Leader of the Liberal Party, who bad stuck to bll gunl and bad saved bls party, said, speaking on tbat very amendment .. What was the prinCiple at the root of the policy? It wu the ngbt of the Inab people to the management of their OWD domestic affaIrS. The Ruccessive p~ns, by wblcb thiS waa to be given to them, faIled to sabsfy tbe country; but the pnnclple of Self-Government. the pnnClple of an electIve element that .ball be the govemmg element in Insb affaira ab]} remAIns." (F&r/ar, 20-10-10(5) .. But whatever the schemes alld wl8dom of a statesman might be, he should know that all the gbttenDg adventure. 01 Imperial pnde were vain and empty. were dela8lve and guIlty, If he did DOt constantly have before hun the &1m of mitigating the lot 01 the APPENDIX. vii
great masses of men, women 'and chIlaren who were always very Ileal' hunger and nakedness" (Wallhamstow,20-11-1905). DECLARATIONS OF THE RT. HON. H H. ASQUITH " The Liberal Party Is-as It always has been-the standing ~nemy of unJustlned privIleges and of unequal Jaws The SpIrIt of LiberalIsm IIr a strong and ... Vital factor-Is as strong and as VItal, as It ever was-lO m01lldmg the conceptIons· and the ,dealH of the BrItIsh people" (Ktlmarnock,5-10-1879).
"No one In thIS country-no BrItIsh Liberal at any rate--can -contemplate With satisfactIon, & system, undel" whIch numbel's of -our own countrymen are demed some of those CIvIl and politIcal nghts, whIch we are accustomed to regard, as the necessary eqUip- ment of a CIVIlIzed SOCIal community" (Leven, 2-9-1899) " We call ourselves Liberals. We are proud of the name. We are prepared to maIntam our tItle to It &g&mst all comers. But how do we stand ~ What has been 10 days ~one by, the essence of the Liberal creed and the Splllt of Liberal work? I think, I may say, and you will agree With me, that for the first SIXty or seventy years of the present century, the chIef 1lllSSI0n of LiberalIsm was the miSSion of emancipatIon. It waged war With religiOUS disabilities that offended the conscience and blocked the road to talent. •••• more Important than ~Ither It was the LIberalIsm of that time whIch laid the foundatIons -of DemocratIc Government In a Society whIch had never been flwept and levelled by the tornado of revolutIon • • • • • • 1f we look beyond these shores to the Greater BrItaIn of whIch we have become Trustees, I thmk, we see there agaIn, equally clear ~round for the applIcatIon of old PHnclples to new problems. We are proud of the BntIsh Empire. There is no dIstInctIon Oil that pOlDt between one party 10 .tlIe State and the other But Empire is a blesslDg or & curse accordlDg to the SpIrIt In which Its respon tllwhtJes are approached and handled • • According to what I beheve to be the lIberal conceptIon of Empire, It IS something, vastly greater and hIgher than thIs There are,-I bebeve, I am speakJDg your sense, as well 1\.8 my own-in the judgment of us, LIberals! two tests of a standmg or falling EmpIre. We ask in the first place. does It 10 all Its parts make viIi APPENDIX. the standard, not merely of matenal hfe, but of all that goee to enrich cIVlllzatlon and humanIty, higher and more deeply fGunW, more securely safeguarded P We uk next, doea it.1 unity ante, not from compulsory acqu18ltlon of lubJect racel, but from the conscIous and willIDg co-operabon of liVlng and aelf-c1eterml ning members? Does it rest Dot upon the preciOmlDance, artificial and superfiCial, of race or class, but upon the loyal affection of fnMt commuDltIes bwlt upon the bUI8 of equal rightl P" (Edinburg1l, 10-J.l000). I pause here a httle. We,ladlan8 al80, had the good lonun. in shanng in the glonou8 work of the LIberal ltatelmen of UJ. thlrbes of the last century. We a180 had our emanCIpatIon by the Act of 1833 What a g1onou8 And truly Doble and lIberal work. was that at that time' I have already touched upon that lubJect. Bad that Act been honourably, loyally and Iincerel, carried out. what a glonous Empire would, by thll bme, the BntIsh Emplrl have become, and how truly and Dobly would the two telta laIC) down, have beell ful6.1led' The present grand revival of Llbe..... hsm, With Its IrreSistible power. II just lbe opportune moment, to. accomplish, by a bold effort, the redempbon of the past failure of duty, conSCience, human It)' and honour• .. Liberty and JustIce, the touchstone of policy of the Emplr.. and Its external arrangements. • • • • In the8e meU10dl la, the only hope for the future honour of our Empire." (0z/ord,24-2-1900)• .. Liberty was the best antIdote or mediCine for discontent and dI810yalty." (TGgport. 14-Q.l0(0). " It 18 the work of ltatesmanship in thll COUDtry, to make lb.. Empire worth hVIDg in. as well as worth dYIDg for. In the loug rnn. every sOCIety is Judged. and every loclety IUnJVe8, accordIng to the matenal and moral minimum wblch:n preacnbea to ita mem- bers." (HoUl ceca. 19-7.10(1). "You should aim from the 'fiery beginOlDg, at luch a progres sIve development 10 self·governmeDt, as WIll in tIme, npell into. the fnIl autonomy of Austraha or Canada. That polley ooght to commend Itself, not only to the Liberal Party, but to the whoJ. country." (HGnlq. If.l.19(2) APPENDIX. ix
" The great experIence of Canada, where, by the grantmg of free instItutIons, races, which, seventy years ago, were tlymg at one another's throats, were now sIttIng down !llde by side, In harmony and contentment." (That WIll be the case In India). (St. Leonarda, 14-3-1902). 'f Mr. AsquIth proceeded to set forth the Liberal Ideal. Thxs, he smd, ImplIed self-government and self-development m fiscal, as In &11 other matters. An excellent example was to be found In the lustory of Canada, where mternal dIssenSions and external revolt agaxnst the Empire had been quelled by self-government. So that the French and BrItIsh portions of the population had worked out an Ideal for themselves resultmg 1D prosperity." (Morley, 2-2-1906). " If they gave the new Liberal Government, 110 strong, strenu ous, mdependent worlnng maJority, they would find many direc tIons, In whlCh arrea.rs had to be made up, reactIonary steps retraced, and lost ground recovered. They would do what they (lould, both to set right the past and to gxve the country 0. new and VIgorous start for the future." (St Monana.13-1-1906). "In an tIus. there was a lesson which ought to be taken to heart, namely, that In EnglIsh polItIcs, It was the straightforward, the direct, the plmn pobcy wluch lD the long run paid." (Hanley, 18-1-1906). "This country, by carrying out the great Liberal puncIple of -confidence in the people and allOWing them to manage their own affairs, would have our Imperial unIty on the broadest, soundest and most sta.ble foundation. It was in this SpIrIt that the new -Government hoped to attack othel: problems of legls1atlon and admmlstra.tIon whIch lay before them." (East Ftfe, 20-1-1906). I cqpclude these declaratIons by two more of one who, though .(lead, IS still hVlng in our hearts and mlDds, and whom, Mr Morley himself, has given hiS immortabty lD thiS world. Mr. Gladstone says .-" It has been prOVidentIally allotted to -tlus favoured Isle, that it should show to all the world how freedom ~d authority, In their due and wise developments, not only may '
" It was theIr duty, to try to govern the Imh people )0 a aen8& whICh wa.s more akm to theIr Ideas and less enbrely subordlDate to our own • they recogDlaed, It WM a d ... ty blDdlDg 11l'00 them, by every obhgatlon of honour and pobcy, that they should strIve to bnng the admIDlstratlon of Ireland 10 harmony With the mIDds of her people and IIhoold endeavour by every meanl to convert the people of this country to a justfor new of theIr obhgauons to that unhappy land and to a fuller recogrutlon of their title to admlDlster those thIngs that were their OWD " (North Berwick, 23-1-19(6). APPENDI~. xi
Now these sentiments and prInCIples apply WIth manifold force to IndIa to whom the British people are bound to gIve self-govern ment, not only by rights of bIrth as British CItizens, but also by a , duty bIndIng upon them (the .British people) by every obhgatIon of honour and pohcy," by the most solemn pledges given several' tImes before God and the world At Darleton on 24-1 1906 he sald - "The breath to the nostrIls of the ImperIal OlganisatIon was, -FREEDOM" I make no comments 011 these declaratIOns as beIng the states men's own Nobody can mOle leahse theIr full scope, sIgmficance and applicatIOn to IndIa than themselves All these declaratIons apply WIth mamfold force to IndIa under the pecuhar CIrcumstances of a foreIgn draInIng domInation under
WhICh she IS sufferIng-a cIrcumRtance WhICh, in ItS very naturer cannot but be evil
APPENDIX-B. Mr BrodrIck, In hIS Budget Speech of June 1905, sald that the exports from the Umted KIngdom to IndIa WhICh last year had grown to £40,000,000, equalled the whole of the exports from the Umted Kmgdom to Austraha, to Canada and to Cape Colony com bIned 1.ne statement is mIsleadIng, The truth IS thIs . The true test of comparIson of the exports of Bntish and IrIsh produce to the four countrIes IS what each receIved per head of populatIOn AustralIa's populatIOn (1903) was 3,931,274. The exports to AustralIa m 1904 were £17,336,470 gIVIng 88s 2d per head Canada's population (1903) was 5,753,039 The exports to Canada JD 1904 were £10,624,221, gIVIng nearly 37 per head. Cape of Gooll Hope's population (1904) was 12, 409,804. The expOlts to the Cape of Good Hope In 1904 were £12,048,778, gIvmg lOO per head Now let us see what IndIa has receIved of BrItish and Insh goods. India's population (estimate for 1903) was nearly 3OO,(){)(l,ooo. The exports to IndIa were the small amount of £40,641,277 gIvmg a poor 2-8 per head It must be remembered that these exports to IndIa Include what 18 receIved by land through xii APPENDIX.
India by the countries beyond the borden. Allowing also for what IS received In India for the consumption of European. and the small portion of well-to-do Indians, the Brltllh and Irllh produce would hardly be 2 per head per annum, .. receIVed by the great maSB of the people, who, alt Lord Lawrence said, "bved on lcanty subsistence." Pel'haps mllbons neTer see.. BntIsh arbcle. The Colomes wlthm the short time of their development by self-government, are recelvmg British and Irish goodl In Iplte of their protection agamst British goods, Canada 37 per bead; Austra lIa 8812 per head and the Cape 100 per bead, India takel the ve1"y small amount of 2 18 per head after 150 years of BntllJb rule and admmlstratIon With free trade and With 1'ntIre Bnbsh control I
What an extraordmary loss thIS II to the Industries, nchel And trade of the Umted Kmgdom! Had India been dealt With righteously With Belf-government lIke that of the Colomes and had she been able to recel ve BntIsh goods, even 20 per head (let alone 37,88 and 100) the Umted Kmgdom would have exported to India .in 1904 not the poor £40,000,000 but 7i tIme. £40,000,000, I.. e .. £300,000,000, as much as the UOIted KIngdom had In 1904 exported to the whole world, which was £300,711,040. What a grand tblDg It would have been for the wealth, and mdustn.. and trade of the United Kmgdom' ThIS grand 1'6sult would have happened If India had self-government, and wlll bappen when India wIll be a selt governlPg country. FINANCE. From the tinanClal POlOt of VIew, the employment of IndJan. under self-governmeut WIll naturalJy be on .. lower lcale of pay than the lOordmate scale that eXIsts at present for European •• Be81des, as in the United Kingdom, aU that 1. ralBed by taxatIon wIll go b&ek to the people, the taxpaye1'l by " bundred cldferent .cbannels. The people of the United KlDgdom pay at preaent for re1'enue .about 67 sh.dllOgs per head, per annum, wbtle poor IndIa under the present exhausting drain can pay hardly 6 shillings 6 pence per bead, and that With mach Buffenng. Now, With pt'oapenty by self· government, if the people of IndIa would be able to pay only 20 shtDlDgs even per head (let alone 67 which the people 01 the Umted KlDgdom pay) ",bat a groWing revenue that of Bntlsh IndJa would be, t1iz. £240,000,000 Instead of the preseDt poor £78,OOO,f.X1J .exacted from .. poverty-stricken people! What .. market woold the .300,000,000 of all lnda's prosperous people be for the UnIted KIngdom, With free trade betweeD England and bda lInd... WIth .nch a reveDue wonld be able to .apply all her Deeds In "bundanee• • '.10 1 .10.-