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Phyllostachys Edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J TAXON: Phyllostachys edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J. Houz. Taxon: Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. Family: Poaceae Common Name(s): moso bamboo Synonym(s): Bambusa edulis Carrière tortoise-shell bamboo Bambusa heterocycla Carrière P. edulis var. heterocycla J. Houz. P. heterocycla (Carrière) Mitford P. heterocycla f. pubescens (J. Houz.) P.D. mitisC. McClint. auct. P. pubescens Mazel ex J. Houz. P. pubescens var. heterocycla (Carrière) J. Houz. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 3 Apr 2018 WRA Score: 12.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Running Bamboo, Environmental Weed, Edible, Dense Stands, Rarely Flowers Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 y 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n Creation Date: 3 Apr 2018 (Phyllostachys edulis Page 1 of 20 (Carrière) J. Houz.) TAXON: Phyllostachys edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J. Houz. Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 y 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 y 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 >3 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 n yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 3 Apr 2018 (Phyllostachys edulis Page 2 of 20 (Carrière) J. Houz.) TAXON: Phyllostachys edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J. Houz. Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes [No evidence of domestication or breeding that reduces weediness] Chao, C., & Renvoize, S. (1988). Notes on Some Species of "P. edulis is the most valuable and important bamboo species in Phyllostachys (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Kew Bulletin, China, constituting up to 50 per cent of the total area of the bamboo 43(3), 415-422 forests. In addition to the typical form the five colour variants, listed above, are recognized as forms ..." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2018. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Wu, C. et al. (2018). Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau) invasion affects soil phosphorus "Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is widely distributed in dynamics in adjacent coniferous forests in subtropical subtropical China (Wang et al. 2013)." China. Annals of Forest Science, 75: 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0703-0. [Accessed ] "Native Asia-Temperate China: China Fujian, Henan, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Zhejiang Cultivated USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Asia-Temperate 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Eastern Asia: Japan ; Korea Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Asia-Tropical [Accessed 2 Apr 2018] Indo-China: Vietnam Malesia: Philippines Europe Europe" Creation Date: 3 Apr 2018 (Phyllostachys edulis Page 3 of 20 (Carrière) J. Houz.) TAXON: Phyllostachys edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J. Houz. Qsn # Question Answer 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 2 Apr 2018] 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Plants for a Future. 2018. Phyllostachys edulis. "USDA hardiness: 6-9" https://www.pfaf.org. [Accessed 3 Apr 2018] "Zone: 7 to 10" ... "In the U.S., ideal growth occurs in warm climates with hot summers and cool to moderately cold winters. Plants will tolerate some frost, but will be seriously damaged if temperatures Missouri Botanical Garden. 2018. Phyllostachys edulis. dip below 14 degrees F. Best growth typically occurs in USDA Zones 8 http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. [Accessed 3 Apr -9, but plants may survive in Zones 6b and 7 in a less vigorous much 2018] shorter form. In cold winter areas north of USDA Zone 6, plants may be grown in patio containers that are brought indoors for overwintering in a greenhouse, sunroom or sunny window." [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, & cultivated in temperate to tropical climates, demonstrating environmental versatility] Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. ( eds.). 2006. Flora of "Mountain slopes; below 1600 m or more. Anhui, Fujian Guangdong, China. Vol. 22 (Poaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [introduced in Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam, and North America]." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes "Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is widely distributed in subtropical China (Wang et al. 2013). Because of its typical clonal propagation, moso bamboo often spreads into the adjacent communities due to the extension of its underground rhizomes Wu, C. et al. (2018). Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Wang et al. 2016a). Over the last decades, the invasion of moso (Carriere) J. Houzeau) invasion affects soil phosphorus bamboo into adjacent forests has frequently been reported, dynamics in adjacent coniferous forests in subtropical particularly in the nature reserves where the harvesting of moso China. Annals of Forest Science, 75: 24. bamboo is prohibited (Zhang et al. 2010; Bai et al. 2016; Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0703-0. [Accessed ] 2017a). As a result, several recent studies have regarded moso bamboo as a potentially invasive species in the subtropical regions (Mertens et al. 2008; Song et al. 2016; Ying et al. 2016; Li et al., 2017b)." "Where winter hardiness is not a problem, moso bamboo can spread aggressively by rhizomes to the point of being somewhat invasive. Missouri Botanical Garden. 2018. Phyllostachys edulis. Rhizomatous spread combined with speedy upright growth (to ϯ͛per http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. [Accessed 3 Apr day at its peak) enable it to take over and dominate large areas 2018] (forms dense monocultural thickets) because it simply outpaces the growth of other plants, shrubs and trees." Creation Date: 3 Apr 2018 (Phyllostachys edulis Page 4 of 20 (Carrière) J. Houz.) TAXON: Phyllostachys edulis SCORE: 12.0 RATING: High Risk (Carrière) J. Houz. Qsn # Question Answer [Cultivated in regions with tropical climates] "Cultivated Asia-Temperate USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eastern Asia: Japan ; Korea 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Tropical Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Indo-China: Vietnam [Accessed 3 Apr 2018] Malesia: Philippines Europe Europe" Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes "Cultivated Asia-Temperate USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eastern Asia: Japan ; Korea 2017. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Asia-Tropical Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html.
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