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WRA Species Report Family: Poaceae Taxon: Phyllostachys aurea Synonym: Common Name: fish-pole bamboo golden bamboo Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Patti Clifford Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 9 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Intermediate substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 y 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n Print Date: 9/13/2011 Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae) Page 1 of 9 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 y 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 9 Print Date: 9/13/2011 Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae) Page 2 of 9 Supporting Data: 101 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence of domestication that reduces invasive potential. 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Has the species become naturalized where grown?] NA 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Does the species have weedy races?] NA 201 1995. Chenged, C./Widjaja, E.A.. Phyllostachys [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet aurea Carr. Ex A. & C. RiviFre [Internet record] habitat, then substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical"? Low] from Proseabase. PROSEA (Plant Resources of Phyllostachys aurea is believed to originate from temperate and subtropical South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia southern China and Japan. http://proseanet.org/prosea/e- prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=2094 201 2011. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet Program. Germplasm Resources Information habitat, then substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical"? ] Native range: Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. China - Fujian, Zhejiang [temperate] National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 202 2011. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources [ Quality of climate match data?] Native range: China - Fujian, Zhejiang Program. Germplasm Resources Information [temperate] Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- bin/npgs/html/index.pl 203 1995. Chenged, C./Widjaja, E.A.. Phyllostachys [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] "Small natural forests aurea Carr. Ex A. & C. RiviFre [Internet record] of Phyllostachys aurea occur in southeastern China from low altitudes up to 1000 from Proseabase. PROSEA (Plant Resources of m and up to 2000 m in southwestern China. Phyllostachys aurea is frost hardy, South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia and will tolerate up to —10(—18)°C." http://proseanet.org/prosea/e- prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=2094 203 2009. Gucker. Phyllostachys aurea. In: Fire [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] Although most Effects System [online]. U.S. Department of common as an escaped cultivar in the southern United States, golden bamboo Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain survives in climates as far north as Vancouver, British Columbia, in the West and Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory, Buffalo, New York, in the East. Golden bamboo plants tolerate temperatures as http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/graminoi low as -4 °F (-18 °C). Golden bamboo escapes occur on Cumberland Island, d/phyaur/all.html Georgia, where the climate is subtropical. Summers are hot and humid and winters are short and mild. The average high and low monthly temperatures are 81 °F (27 °C) and 54 °F (12 °C). Annual precipitation averages 51 inches (1,295 mm), and rains are generally heavy from September to October." In China, golden bamboo stands occur at elevations of up to 3,300 feet (1,000 m) in the southeast and up to 6,600 feet (2,000 m) in the southwest. 204 1995. Chenged, C./Widjaja, E.A.. Phyllostachys [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] In aurea Carr. Ex A. & C. RiviFre [Internet record] some countries it has also naturalized, e.g. in Indonesia (Merapi Mountain in from Proseabase. PROSEA (Plant Resources of Central Java). South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia http://proseanet.org/prosea/e- prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=2094 204 2002. Staples,G.W./Imada, C.T./Herbst, D.R.. [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "Long New Hawaiian plant records for 2000. Bishop cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands as an ornamental, this is the first report of this Occasional Papers. 68: dwarf bamboo as a naturalized element in the flora. The sizable population on .http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pdf/op68-03.pdf windward O‘ahu apparently spread vegetatively from a roadside ornamental planting; it now fills more than one acre of steep hillside and has formed a virtual monoculture, excluding other plant species." 205 1995. Chenged, C./Widjaja, E.A.. Phyllostachys [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural aurea Carr. Ex A. & C. RiviFre [Internet record] range? Yes] Phyllostachys aurea is believed to originate from temperate and from Proseabase. PROSEA (Plant Resources of subtropical southern China and Japan. It has been introduced into most countries South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia of the world and is often grown as an ornamental, even in temperate climates. http://proseanet.org/prosea/e- prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=2094 Print Date: 9/13/2011 Phyllostachys aurea (Poaceae) Page 3 of 9 205 2005. Evans, C.W./Bargeron, C.T./Moorhead, [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural D.J./Douce, G.K.. Invasive weeds in Georgia - range? Yes] Golden bamboo is native to China and was first introduced into golden bamboo- Phyllostachys aurea. The America in 1882 in Alabama. It is a popular ornamental and has also been used Bugwood Network University of Georgia, for fishing poles and privacy fences. It occurs in the southeastern United States http://www.gaeppc.org/weeds/bamboo.html and in Washington State. Golden bamboo is common in Georgia. 205 2011. Gielis, J.. Future possibilities for bamboo [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural in European agriculture. range? Yes] Phyllostachys is widely cultivated and in high demand in Europe. www.bamboonetwork.org, http://www.bamboonetwork.org/downloads/gielis0 1.pdf 301 1995. Chenged, C./Widjaja, E.A.. Phyllostachys [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] In some countries it has also naturalized, aurea Carr. Ex A. & C. RiviFre [Internet record] e.g. in Indonesia (Merapi Mountain in Central Java).
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