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Home , Derawan Islands, Wakatobi National Park

20 Years of Conservation Partnership in

The Nature Conservacy / 1 China

Vietnam Myanmar Laos

Northern Table of Contents 1 Regional Mariana Thailand Forest Philippines Priority Marine Site Program Legacy Marine Site • Message from the Indonesia Leadership Team 2 Guam Priority Forest Area Cambodia • Message from the Board of Advisors Co-Chairs 3 South table of • Message from the Regional Managing Director 4 China Sea • Milestones 6 Federated States of Micronesia Palau Contents • Program Highlights 8 • Vision 9 Brunei Berau Forest PACIFIC Malaysia • 20 Years of Conservation Partnership: Forest of Indonesia 12 Carbon Program OCEAN • 20 Years of Conversation Partnership: Oceans and Reefs of Indonesia 18 Berau (Derawan) Singapore Wehea Forest Triangle Moving Forward 24 Lore Lindu Raja Ampat National Park I N D Wakatobi Papua Jakarta O A New Guinea Solomon N E S I Islands

Nusa Penida Timor-Leste INDIAN Savu Sea OCEAN

Australia 0 250 500 miles 2 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 1 0 250 500 kilometers M E S S A G E F R O M T H E MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD INDONESIA LEADERSHIP TEAM OF ADVISORS CO-CHAIRS

elcome to the commemoration of The Nature Conservancy’s (TNC) 20 years With this approach, we believe that the challenges of conserving critical landscapes, restoring great deal has changed since The Nature Conservancy (TNC) established its first political commitment to balancing economic needs with the imperative of sustaining healthy Wof conservation partnership in Indonesia. This publication showcases major our oceans, securing fresh water and mitigating the impacts of climate change, though A office in Indonesia in 1991. Indonesia has grown to become the world’s third-largest ecosystems for future generations. TNC supports this commitment and is proud to be a key conservation achievements that we are proud to have been a part of over the past two daunting, are not insurmountable. democracy and the economy has developed to become a middle-income country. Awareness partner in this effort. decades. It also looks forward to provide insight into how TNC will respond to the global is growing about the importance of protecting the natural environment, although it is not challenges we all face. Without a doubt, this requires partnerships at all levels. By working together with happening quite at the pace that we expect. From seaweed farming and restoration on Nusa Penida , to forest governments, non-government organizations, businesses and local communities, we have protection and monitoring in Wehea Forest, East , communities are establishing The Indonesian archipelago is one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world; home to helped grow site-based conservation projects into community-driven and government- Climate change, the degradation of our terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and increased home-grown sustainable economies that take advantage of growing consumer interest in 17 percent of all known terrestrial species and 75 percent of the world’s known coral species. supported sustainable development programs that conserve vast tracts of the terrestrial and pressure on food and fresh water resources will require a transformative approach if we are social and ecological responsibility. It is for this reason that our forest and marine work in Indonesia are recognized as global marine environment. to improve the health of our natural systems and the livelihoods of people globally. priorities for TNC. As we celebrate our 20th year of working in Indonesia, we look forward to broader and The evolution of TNC’s Indonesia program is also evident in the development of a new In Indonesia – where rising sea levels, temperatures and acidity will affect our coral reefs, deeper involvement from the private sector and private citizens. This decade urgently Over the last 20 years, the program has grown and evolved from our early site-based bilingual website, which will engage a broader constituency of Indonesian conservationists. fresh water and food security – we are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate requires a transformation of “business as usual” toward green, low-carbon growth and activities at in Central and in Inspiring and supporting the next generation of conservation leaders is the key to building change. Ongoing development pressures continue to have devastating impacts on the forests conservation leadership. We are already seeing positive changes in this direction, and will . Today, our programs seek not only to demonstrate solutions but also on the 20 years of experience gained by TNC in Indonesia. of Indonesia. continue our efforts to take emerging sustainable business models to scale. to use our experience and learning to shape policies and priorities that direct political and financial support to replicating conservation successes at nationally and globally significant As the full value of nature is realized and acted upon by humankind, TNC will continue And yet, there are some very good reasons to be optimistic. Two decades of conservation partnership in Indonesia have placed us at the forefront of this scales. to forge ahead in the spirit of Gotong Royong, the Indonesian principle of participation and transformation. In this changing climate, we remain committed to advancing collaborative, working together for a shared goal. In this instance, that objective is to leave a sustainable Governments, businesses and communities are realizing the benefits of investing in policies practical, science-based solutions to the most critical challenges of our time. The Berau Forest Carbon Program, for example, combines on-the-ground activities with Indonesia for future generations. and practices that allow us to benefit economically from our natural resources, while landscape-level planning, partnerships and global advocacy. This program is creating the protecting critical areas and restoring others to their former health. necessary conditions for improving land management across one of Indonesia’s most densely Thanks for your support, and we look forward to working with you in the future. forested districts while also providing a model for global efforts to reduce carbon emissions From the President’s commitment to reduce Indonesia’s carbon emissions by 26 percent from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). while maintaining economic growth at 7 percent, to the announcement of the Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security, Indonesia has re-doubled its Similarly, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security brings together the resources of six nations in a far-reaching partnership to conserve the region’s extraordinary natural ecosystems and the marine life that sustains its coastal communities and economies. Abdul Halim Ade Soekadis Arwandrija Rukma Budi Kuncoro Director, Acting Director, Country Representative Director, Conservation and H. S. Dillon David E. Parry Marine Program Forest Program Development Policy Board of Advisors Co-Chair Board of Advisors Co-Chair

2 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 3 MESSAGE FROM THE REGIONAL MANAGING DIRECTOR

ver the last two decades, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has had the privilege of Together, we have made meaningful contributions to conservation at the local, national, Ohelping to create a more secure and prosperous future for the people of Indonesia. regional and global levels, including: • Establishing marine protected areas covering 6.8 million hectares. During this time, the country emerged as a powerful political and economic force. And • Supporting the six-nation Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food thanks to the leadership of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Indonesia now stands at Security, a regional effort to protect coastal resources. the forefront of sustainable development—it is a nation poised to lead the world Towards a • Securing Forest Stewardship Council certification over 1.3 million hectares of production Green Economy. forests in Southeast Asia, with 2 million more on the way. • Helping to initiate the Berau Forest Carbon Program, a national demonstration project TNC is proud to support these efforts. Ever since our initial investments targeted at designed to help lay a strong, transparent foundation for REDD+ in both Indonesia and globally. protecting the resources of Lore Lindu and Komodo National Parks, TNC has been committed to establishing conservation models that enhance economic development and Through this targeted investment, our Indonesia team and partners are helping to build an improve the lives and livelihoods of the people who are most dependent on Indonesia’s incredibly valuable global pool of conservation knowledge and to refine the science-based natural resources. tools and approaches needed to meet some of the world’s biggest challenges. And as a means to facilitate the proliferation of knowledge and tools at the regional level, TNC launched the Our team of professionals and scientists works hand-in-hand with a diverse range of now-independent Coral Triangle Center, a marine conservation hub located in Bali. partners, including some of Indonesia’s most respected business and academic leaders, to follow socio-economic priorities and demonstrate that economic development and These partnerships and experiences have strengthened our commitment and our resolve. environmental protection are compatible. As we embark on our third decade, TNC remains steadfast in its support of Indonesia and This work would not be possible without strong and fruitful collaboration with our to the ideals of sustainable development. And we share your conviction: Gotong Royong. Let us distinguished government partners, businesses, other non-government organizations and continue working together for a sustainable planet. communities throughout the archipelago. We are honored to have earned their trust. More importantly, we have deep respect and gratitude for the courage they exhibit in our shared On behalf of all my colleagues at TNC and those who have come before us in these last 20 quest to find new ways to create a better world and healthier future for all. years, terima kasih!

Charles Bedford Regional Managing Director

4 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 5 1991 • The Ministry of Forestry welcomes The Nature Conservancy (TNC) to establish operations in Indonesia. 2004 • Ministry of Forestry approves 25-year Lore Lindu National Park Management Plan, jointly developed with TNC. • A TNC-led ecological survey in the Sangkulirang karst landscape identifies multiple new species and intact “ecological islands”. 1992 • TNC collaborates with park authorities, local government, universities, local NGOs and communities to develop management plan for Lore Lindu National Park. • Sulawesi Conservation Portfolio map identifyies 84 priority areas for conservation. • In collaboration with WWF, TNC begins work in ’s . 1995 • The Ministry of Forestry invites TNC to support the effective management of the Komodo National Park. • Watershed Management Forum established under Decree of Planning Division II, BAPPEDA of . • TNC, park authorities and local community members jointly establish a comprehensive monitoring, outreach and enforcement program aimed at reducing dynamite and other destructive 2005 1996 • 2006 - 2012 Management Plan for Miu watershed completed. fishing practices in Komodo National Park. • Putri Naga Komodo, a joint venture between TNC and an Indonesian tourism company, begins operations designed to make the Park financially self-sustaining through 1998 • TNC helps to establish Forum Kemitraan Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, strengthening collaboration between communities and park authorities. enhanced tourism revenue. • Work begins on a grouper hatchery in Komodo National Park to provide communities with a sustainable alternative to fish farming and reduce pressure on wild populations. • TNC signs sustainable resource management agreement with traditional leaders in Raja Ampat. • Berau declares a 1.27 million-hectare MPA that includes the Derawan Islands. 2000 • TNC launches the Coral Triangle Center from its base in Bali. • TNC, CI and WWF initiate ecosystem-based management, encompassing a range of biological, social, economic and governance studies to support seascape-wide management in Papua. • National and local authorities approve the 25-year Komodo National Park Management Plan, jointly developed with TNC. 2006 • The Coral Triangle Center celebrates its 500th graduate. 2001 • TNC begins working in East Kalimantan to address illegal and unsustainable logging practices. • TNC and partners launch the USAID-funded Responsible Forestry and Asia Trade Program (RAFT). • TNC strengthens community engagement in Lore Lindu National Park through participatory conservation planning (PCP), a community-based approach to identifying conservation threats, targets and strategies. 2007 • President Yudhoyono launches National Orangutan Action Plan. • 26 villages around Lore Lindu National Park sign Community Conservation Agreements (CCAs) with park authorities to collaboratively conserve the area. 2002 • An Ecoregional Conservation Assessment confirms that East Kalimantan contains some of the best tropical forest habitat left on the island of Borneo; TNC launches province-wide • ’s new zoning system is signed by the central and local governments, the first such joint-signing by the Ministry of Forestry and a regency government. landscape-level conservation. • A TNC-led ecological assessment reveals that the Raja Ampat archipelago of West Papua is the world’s most biologically diverse coral environment. 2008 • TNC expands efforts to Penida Islands of Bali. • Wakatobi National Park adopts revised Management Plan. 2003 • TNC helps resolve a 10-year conflict between a logging company and local communities along the Segah watershed in East Kalimantan by applying its collaborative forest management • TNC begins work in Savu Sea, East Nusa Tenggara providing technical support to the Governor’s MPA Development Team. (CFM) approach, marking the first time the tool is used in a production forest. • The Marine Affairs and Fisheries Minister launches the Komodo Fish Culture Project hatchery. 2009 • TNC-led orangutan survey finds the biggest population in Sangkulirang karst. • TNC begins working in Wakatobi National Park, in collaboration with WWF, and in Raja Ampat, West Papua. • CTI leaders mark World Ocean Conference in Manado with Summit and declare regional and country-specific Plans of Action. • First class of participants completes the Coral Triangle Center’s MPA management training program. • Government of Indonesia announces 3.5 million hectare Savu Sea Marine National Park in conjunction with the World Oceans Conference and the CTI Summit in Manado. • TNC and WWF launch USAID-funded Global Development Alliance to promote sustainable forest management. • TNC completes Lesser Sunda MPA network design, which incorporates the principles of resilience to climate change and serves as the blueprint for MPA development in the region. • TNC-led workshop of the world’s leading marine scientists formally delineates new marine area, now widely recognized as the Coral Triangle. 2010 • Regent of Klungkung, Bali and the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries officially launch Nusa Penida MPA, covering an area of more than 20,000 hectares.

2011 • Customary ceremony adopts a zoning system for the Kofiau MPA in Raja Ampat, combining local knowledge and modern conservation science.

6 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 7 DEBT-FOR-NATURE RESPONSIBLE FORESTRY REDD+ SAVING THE ORANGUTAN SANGKULIRANG KARST GREEN LIVING BORDERS EDUCATING THE FUTURE AND TRADE US $28.5 million secured for forest Berau Forest Carbon Program Kalimantan-wide survey conducted Berau and East Kutai commit to 56 km “green living border” consisting conservation in Kalimantan under the 700,000 hectares of Indonesia’s launched as one of four national with nearly 7000 people in 698 protect the area’s unique karst of four rows of candlenut and production forest certified as REDD+ demonstration projects, the ecosystem, securing fresh water supply agathi trees planted in 10 villages 2009 2nd Tropical Forest Conservation Act villages to improve understanding of 26 elementary schools incorporate new environmental education component highlighting the value of sustainably managed by the Forest first spanning an entire District, to for 300,000 villagers straddling the to demarcate the boundary of Lore signed by Indonesia and the United the social factors that underlie the and threats to the ecosystem in Lore Lindu National Park into the curriculum. States, an agreement that supports Stewardship Council, with 1.5 million create a model for translating REDD+ threats to remaining wild orangutan two districts in East Kalimantan. Lindu National Park—where a new bat economic development and climate ha more on the way; 19 concessions into real incentives for sustainable land populations, in support of the species was discovered in 2001— now practicing or working towards management across Indonesia. providing livelihoods for villagers once 2008 change goals. President’s National Orangutan Kalabia–or “Education under Sail”—a boat-based marine conservation education program in Raja sustainable forest management. the trees have grown. Action. Ampat, brings marine conservation to all coastal villages throughout the district. A joint program in 2008, it is now solely run by CI.

2011 2010 2009 2008

2011 2007 2006 2005

CORAL TRIANGLE CENTER LESSER SUNDA CORAL TRIANGLE Bird’s Head Seascape Komodo CONSERVATION HALL OF FAME INITIATIVE The Lesser Sunda Sustainable Fisheries Raja Ampat becomes the first regency PT Putri Naga Komodo, a first of Opened by TNC in 2000, the Initiative, a pioneering industry-led The 6-nation Coral Triangle Initiative in Indonesia to establish a network its kind public-private joint venture, Coral Triangle Center completes 2010 & 2004 effort, launched to link the rapidly on Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food of MPAs covering an area of almost 1 secures nearly US $5 million from the its transition to an independent, Komunto fishers group from Wakatobi and Ngata Toro community in Central Sulawesi receive inter- growing international market for Security, launched by President Susilo million hectares, further strengthened International Finance Corporation, Indonesian foundation focused on nationally renowned UNDP Equator Prize for conservation. sustainable seafood to an emerging Bambang Yudhono at the UNFCCC in 2008 with the launch of the Bird’s matched with an equal amount by delivering capacity development for fishery reform effort in Indonesia. in Bali attracts commitments of Head Seascape project, linking the TNC, an investment used in part to MPA managers and practitioners in 2009 hundreds of millions of dollars from combined MPA networks supported by construct or upgrade tourism facilities the Coral Triangle region. Wehea Forest communities in East Kalimantan receive Kalpataru environmental award from the governments and global donors. CI, TNC and WWF. designed to attract and accommodate Government of Indonesia. an increase in visitors.

8 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 9 We live in an age of unprecedented threats to our natural world and unprecedented opportunities to Vision safeguard it . Our vision is to leave a sustainable world for future generations.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES, GLOBAL SOLUTIONS LOCAL ACTION, GLOBAL POLICY

When The Nature Conservancy (TNC) was founded in the United States in 1951, the world’s population was 2.6 TNC’s Indonesia program, currently in its 20th year, reflects this evolution. Our programs There is a need to integrate conservation achievements and learning into the larger context billion. Today, the global population has more than doubled and is projected to reach at least 9 billion by 2050. Our integrate the economic needs that can sustain ecosystems in the long run while generating of global priorities. In 2005, the Conservancy set a goal to secure protection of at least 10 growing needs for food, water, and energy and a rapidly changing climate are straining the natural systems on which short-term financial benefits for people. Most importantly, we recognize the need to balance percent of all major habitat types by 2015. This led us to increase our global policy advocacy. natural diversity and human health and prosperity depend. conservation with economic development, and that the people who can look after the land best are those who live there and benefit from it. In Indonesia, we are working to strengthen our policy work as a vehicle to scale up our site TNC has a unique opportunity to apply our conservation expertise to address the key global challenges of our time. - based successes. Working with partners from government, local communities, businesses, Our science-driven approach, our ability to structure innovative financing options for large-scale conservation, and Our non-confrontational, pragmatic style has established TNC as a trusted advisor to non-government organizations and multi-lateral forums, we are advancing both terrestrial the relationships we’ve built with various partners have enabled us to advance some transformative solutions to global governments, businesses and local communities, allowing us to pursue innovative solutions at and marine efforts. conservation challenges. meaningful scales. Through our priority strategies—like the Berau Forest Carbon Program and the Coral When we started doing conservation work, we set out to save the last great places on earth. Today we are guided by It is impossible to overstate Indonesia’s importance to global conservation efforts. Around Triangle Initiative—we are linking site-based conservation models with national, regional the knowledge that conservation is about protecting and restoring Earth’s ecosystems for the diversity of life they 75 percent of the world’s coral species can be found within its waters, as can 18 percent of the and international policy processes, markets and funding mechanisms. This allows us to support, including the well-being of people whose lives depend on them. Conservation is essential to making people’s world’s and 2,000 fish species. Indonesia is also home to 17 percent of the world’s inspire truly transformative policy and foster financing solutions for widespread change. lives better. plant and animal species, many of which cannot be found anywhere else on Earth. The overarching aim is to adopt and amplify strategies that will build the resilience of nature, Destruction and degradation of the country’s forest and marine ecosystems have devastating communities and economies in the face of climate change and other threats to the natural impacts on biodiversity, the well-being of local communities and Indonesia’s long-term habitats we all depend on. economic growth. At a global level, deforestation and land use change have resulted in billions of tons of greenhouse gas emissions, placing Indonesia among the top carbon emitters worldwide.

10 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 11 increased household income. Using the easily bred Apis cerena honeybee, 70 subsistence AND THE AWARD GOES TO … farmers are now selling their sustainable honey in the provincial capital of Palu. Wehea Forest is a shining example of the effectiveness of a community-led initiative With TNC’s help, this model of sustainable community-led development is now being in conservation efforts. Rich in biodiversity, this district in East Kalimantan offers replicated in Lesan, East Kalimantan. environment and biology experts a living laboratory of tropical forest biodiversity, attracting hundreds of researchers from around the world. Forests Across Kalimantan, TNC is also helping to shape practical solutions to the threats facing the beloved Orangutan in support of President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s 2007 In a bid to protect their habitat, its villagers have unilaterally declared an ex-timber national Orangutan Action Plan. This includes raising US$1 million to support the plan, concession a locally protected forest. TNC has helped villagers facilitate a community of Indonesia which targets the survival of 10 percent of orangutans. monitoring system, in which groups take month-long turns patrolling Wehea’s 38,000 hectares. They record forest health indicators such as forest cover, animal A recent study commissioned by TNC found that human-wildlife conflicts are some of the and plant distribution, and water levels while reporting signs and incidences of illegal biggest threats to orangutans in their habitats. Published in the journal PloS ONE, the 17- logging. month survey interviewed 6,972 people in 698 villages in Kalimantan. For this, the Wehea Forest Community was awarded a third-place TNC Schooner Together with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)- Prize for conservation and poverty reduction in 2008. In 2009, The ethnic Dayak funded Orangutan Conservation Services Program (OCSP), AusAID, local government, people of Wehea also received the prestigious Kalpataru environmental award from CONSERVING TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY business sectors, local communities and universities, TNC is working to develop President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for establishing the forest as a conservation area. When TNC first opened its doors in 1991, the conservation world was a very different place. Conservation as a management plans that maintain and enhance Orangutan habitat in multiple sites in East national priority was relatively new and addressing the drivers of forest loss and degradation in Indonesia was seen as Kalimantan, including an 800,000-hectare multifunctional landscape straddling Berau Resourceful communities like these invigorate our conservation mission and a domestic responsibility. and Kutai districts. hopefully inspire others to do the same. “Wehea Forest is our identity,” Yatim, a local ranger, says. “If the forest is gone, we lose our identity and culture too. Then what In this environment, TNC set its sight on improving management within forests designated for protection. We In cooperation with RARE International, TNC also launched “Pride Campaigns” in will we have left to pass on to our grandchildren?” started with Lore Lindu National Park, deep in the mountainous heart of Central Sulawesi, building awareness and Papua, East Kalimantan and Central Sulawesi, using charismatic locally known animals as

capacity to maintain this haven of rich biodiversity hand-in-hand with meeting local economic needs. a symbol of local pride. These campaigns are boosting the communities’ knowledge and pride of their areas’ ecosystems and preparing local youth to take charge of keeping their From facilitating a partnership for collaborative management between communities and park authorities to developing natural habitats healthy. an environmental education curriculum that is now being used in 26 schools, TNC has helped build a foundation for locally-led conservation in an area that contains 73 percent of Sulawesi’s endemic terrestrial birds and some of the island’s most endangered mammals.

“Preserving the Lore Lindu National Park is not just the responsibility of park authorities, but our shared responsibility,” environmental educator Ahina Boka says. “Early childhood education about the environment has become an important way of shaping children’s sense of belonging to the environment and motivating them to preserve the area.”

To ensure that the park can continue to supply fresh water for over 300,000 people, we helped plant a 56-kilometer “green living border” of more than 35,000 trees, clearly demarcating the park’s perimeter while providing villagers with timber and other forest products for subsistence and commercial use. Honeybee farming introduced by TNC has

12 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 13 A SECOND CHANCE FOR FORESTS AND LOCAL LOGGERS IN KALIMANTAN

Bulldozers tear through the forests of tropical Asia, wreaking havoc on soil, trees, the long-term profitability of timber companies and, ultimately, the global climate. But in the forests of Kalimantan, former illegal loggers operate a “monocable” winch that pulls logs through the forest minimal damage. This same winch, as it turns out, is also pulling forest concessions down the road toward sustainable forest certification.

MANAGING FORESTS SUSTAINABLY “When combined with pre-harvest mapping of both the trees to be cut and the ‘skidding’ paths that will be used to pull the logs out, use of a monocable can reduce In 2001, Indonesia hosted the East Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (EA Beginning in 2003 with the Global Development Alliance (GDA), a USAID-funded In 2009, the Ministry of Forestry announced a new timber legality assurance system damage to the soil and surrounding trees by up to 70 percent,” TNC’s Bambang FLEG) conference in Bali, ushering in a new era in which governments across the global partnership with WWF, TNC has been at the center of the sustainable forest management (Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu, or SVLK) mandatory for all timber concessions and widely Wahyudi says. This is largely because the monocable reduces the width of a skidding supply chain committed to combat illegal logging while also promoting the expansion of trade movement in Indonesia, working from the canopy to the forest floor to support policies that regarded as credible. TNC helped launch the multi-stakeholder process used to develop trail from five meters with a bulldozer to the width of a log. This small, portable and in legal timber products. promote legal, sustainable forest management and provide businesses and communities with the standard, and remained an active participant throughout, bringing field experience less detectable machine has long been used by illegal loggers. the knowledge, skills and tools to respond. in forests and factories to the table. To help ensure that the system gets off to a fast The event marked a widespread recognition that many of the biggest drivers of forest loss start, TNC—together with The Forest Trust (TFT) —developed and launched a In 2009, TNC introduced use of the monocable for sustainable forestry in and degradation in Indonesia originate outside of its borders. Halting illegal logging was Between 2006 and 2011, the USAID-funded, TNC-led Responsible Asia Forestry and training program, endorsed by Indonesia’s national Forestry Training and Education Indonesia, when it was not yet recognized by the Ministry of Forestry due to its no longer simply a domestic issue, but required international cooperation and, crucially, the Trade partnership (RAFT) helped bring 700,000 hectares of Indonesia’s forests under Center (or Pusdiklat), to help forest staff across the country meet this new requirement. association with illegal logging. TNC worked with government partners to get involvement of major timber markets. Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification, with another 1.5 million hectares on the way. approval to test the technology in two concessions. Along with its smaller footprint This is helping Indonesia’s forest sector stay competitive in the face of growing market on the forest, the monocable promises more legal jobs for local loggers. “Working This opened the door for TNC and others to turn from a strict focus on protected areas By working towards FSC certification, we have helped 19 timber concessions and neighboring demand for legal and sustainable wood products. illegally I earned a lot of money, but the risks were high,” Ami Daud says of his to improving the management of timber-producing forests. With 46 percent of country’s communities take steps to resolve forest conflict, identify and manage high conservation new job managing monocable crews at Belayan River Timber concession in East total forest area designated as production forest, striking the right balance between timber values within timber concessions—including ecologically and culturally important areas, After a decade of slow but steady progress, policies and markets have shifted in favor Kalimantan. “Working legally now with a company, I earn less but it is more secure.” production and the many others benefits forests provide must be part of the solution to forest like Orangutan habitat and sacred burial grounds—and implement reduced-impact logging of responsible forestry and trade. Demand for legal and sustainable wood products is loss and degradation in Indonesia. practices (like using a single cable winch instead of bulldozers to remove logs from the forest, creating incentives for sustainable forest management. TNC is committed to continuing Early research suggests that the monocable is one example of an improved or directional felling, which guides a tree’s fall to avoid unnecessary harm to neighboring trees). our work to ensure that these good intentions are translated into healthier forests for management practice that, when combined with others, could reduce carbon Indonesia. emissions from logging by up to 35 percent without reducing timber production.

14 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 15 LINKING FORESTS AND CLIMATE CHANGE FARMERS AT THE FOREFRONT In 2007, delegates to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change land management across Indonesia. Government, private sector, and civil society are working The BFCP also seeks to attract resources to support Indonesia’s efforts to design and (UNFCCC) reached a breakthrough agreement on the “Bali Roadmap,” which included together under the BFCP to strengthen the enabling conditions for sustainable natural implement a national REDD+ system. An exciting example is the US$28.5 million secured Sidobangen Village in Berau, where nine farmers began an initiative to assist their an action plan for designing a system to allow financial rewards to flow to developing resource management while reducing emissions through improved forest management, under the 2nd Tropical Forest Conservation Act signed by Indonesia and the United States. community to develop sustainably, provides a good example of what REDD+ could countries that reduced carbon emissions first from deforestation, and ultimately from forest improved siting of oil palm licenses, and strengthening the role of local communities in Under this debt-for-nature swap agreement, the US will re-direct Indonesian debt toward mean for forest communities. By starting a small rubber plantation on already-de- degradation as well (REDD+ ). natural resource management. conserving some of the last remaining forests of Kalimantan, home to orangutans, gibbons, clouded leopards, elephants, hornbills and up to 15,000 flowering plants. TNC and WWF graded forestland, people in Sidobangen are growing back carbon stock and creating emissions reductions. Indonesia, with its carbon-rich forests, has taken a leading role in global efforts to fight An important element of the BFCP includes testing forest management practices— such as will each contribute US$2 million to the deal. climate change with the President’s commitment to reduce the country’s carbon emissions by building narrower roads, using lower-impact harvest equipment and taking more care in the The group established a field school to share technical knowledge and educate the 26 percent while maintaining economic growth at 7 percent. Logging and forest conversion felling of trees—that could reduce carbon emissions by up to 35 percent without reducing The BFCP is demonstrating how REDD+ can be applied in an area that’s both large enough public about sustainable development. The farmers developed rubber nurseries that account for 80 percent of Indonesia’s total carbon emissions, placing Indonesia among the timber harvested and brought to market. At the landscape level, the program is supporting to provide important lessons for scaling-up to provincial and national implementation but have increased incomes and reached a collaborative management arrangement with the top emitters of climate-changing greenhouse gases. participatory land-use planning that is linked to provincial and national development and also small enough to demonstrate how responsibility for delivering measurable reductions in Forest and Watershed Management Agency and PT Berau Coal to protect watersheds. climate change strategies. carbon dioxide emissions can be established. To help Indonesia achieve this ambitious goal, TNC is working with the district of Berau, Skills are being transferred to local Dayak villagers through participatory training pro- the province of East Kalimantan and the Ministry of Forestry to design and implement the The goal is to reduce carbon emissions by 2 million tons per year—the equivalent of Our work in Berau is directly linked to TNC’s global efforts to get a legally binding grams in improved land management and identification of new areas that can support Berau Forest Carbon Program (BFCP), one of four official REDD+ demonstration projects taking about 400,000 cars off of the road. The success of the program will also ensure the international REDD+ agreement at the UNFCCC, making the link—backed by solid science reforestation and sustainable rubber plantations. The program is being replicated in announced by the national government in 2010, and the first to be implemented across an protection of one of the world’s largest populations of Orangutan while also stimulating the and policy analysis—between local action and global policy. other Dayak villages. entire district, offering a model for translating REDD+ into real incentives for sustainable local and national economies and safeguarding the sustainability of the region’s water and food resources. 16 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 17 100 protected areas that cover 86 coastal MPAs for coral reefs, and seagrass THE CORAL TRIANGLE CENTER: A LEGACY linked to 14 larger offshore MPAs. These MPAs encompass deep sea habitats of endangered THAT LIVES AND GROWS species such as blue whales. The Indonesian government has committed to use this as a blueprint for the future development of MPAs in the Lesser Sundas. In 2000, TNC launched the Coral Triangle Center (CTC). Located in Bali, the Center serves as a hub for the development and exchange of knowledge related to marine Oceans and Reefs In West Papua, TNC has forged a strong partnership with conservation organizations conservation. Here, scientists representing various disciplines work hand-in-hand Conservation International (CI) and WWF to support local governments and people in with policy and finance experts, natural resource managers and other practitioners to establishing and managing a network of MPAs in an area called the Bird’s Head Seascape. collectively adapt tools and approaches for effective management of coral reefs, fisheries of Indonesia Spanning the waters from the Raja Ampat archipelago to Cendrawasih National Park, the and other coastal resources throughout the Coral Triangle. region is home to some of the world’s most diverse reefs. The Center serves government, the private sector, NGOs and traditional and communal In 2010, warmer-than-normal global temperatures caused mass coral bleaching around the resource owners and managers. In its first ten years of operation, more than 2,500 world. A large percentage of were killed, while other reefs escaped relatively unscathed. people participated in training programs related to the design and functioning of marine Working with partners from Wildlife Conservation Society, Reef Check Indonesia, the Coral protected areas, including the development of sustainable economic activities and the Alliance, the Authority and the University of Melbourne, creation of policies and financing structures that support long term management and our scientists studied the different reactions and conditions of Indonesia’s reefs to find out use. more about what makes reefs resilient to warmer temperatures. This will help us manage BUILDING A FOOTPRINT FOR MARINE CONSERVATION coral reefs in the face of climate change. Rili Djohani, a 15-year TNC veteran, launched and nurtured the Center as she built Indonesia’s marine program. Her vision to establish a local center of excellence to Through all these strategies and efforts, we are gaining valuable knowledge that is informing advance marine conservation throughout the Coral Triangle became a reality in 2011 TNC began its marine program in Indonesia in 1995 by helping the Komodo National Park Authority manage its marine conservation in Indonesia, in the Coral Triangle and around the world. More when, with a strong foundation and track record in place, the Center completed its waters. In collaboration with the Park Authority and local communities, we worked to protect the Park’s diverse importantly, we are helping to ensure that the marine resources we rely on every day continue transition to an independent organization. As the Center’s Founding Director, Rili will ecosystems from a variety of threats—including destructive fishing practices and —that have severely to provide for Indonesians well into the future. oversee its evolution, continuing to shape and build momentum for marine conservation damaged coral reefs and fish populations. Through a combination of education, enforcement and introducing throughout the region. alternatives, we have helped reduce dynamite fishing by 90 percent, and the corals have shown significant signs of recovery.

Through the years, TNC has collaborated and forged strong partnerships with coastal communities, governments, businesses, non-government organizations (NGOs), universities and other organizations to develop lasting solutions that ensure our oceans and reefs can continue providing for Indonesians now and in the long term. We have expanded our work over more than 6.5 million hectares of waters.

Our strategies include awareness-raising and education, community engagement and empowerment, sustainable fishing practices, sustainable financing for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), capacity building, informing national and local MPA and fisheries policies, and strengthening political commitments to reef conservation.

TNC also supported the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to design a resilient MPA network for the Lesser Sunda Ecoregion, an area that stretches from Bali in the west to Timor Leste in the east. Developed through a scientific assessment and stakeholder consultation process, the design for the Lesser Sunda MPA network includes

18 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 19 LINKING MARINE CONSERVATION TO BUSINESSES AND PEOPLE

As we have built our knowledge of and experience with marine conservation, we have continued to make better connections between conservation and how communities can prosper when their resources are managed sustainably. We are embarking on an innovative public-private partnership aimed at creating a new business model for the sustainable management of select fisheries in Indonesia.

The Lesser Sunda Sustainable Fisheries Initiative (LSSFI) teams TNC up with Indonesian joint-venture fishing company PT Bali Seafood International, the University of California at Santa Barbara, the Consortium of East Nusa Tenggara Universities for Sustainable Fisheries and other stakeholders in the region. This cooperation creates an opportunity to link rapidly growing international markets for sustainable seafood (like that in the United States) to the emerging fishery reform effort in Indonesia.

This initiative will be piloted in West Nusa Tenggara Province, and if successful can be adapted and implemented in other parts of the Lesser Sunda Ecoregion and beyond. The pilot’s success will show that well-managed MPAs and fisheries bring benefits to people whose livelihoods depend on healthy marine resources and ecosystems.

The initiative presents an opportunity to create a sustainable fisheries source in a highly productive region under intense pressure from overfishing. Many Indonesians depend on fish and seafood as their major protein source. However, fisheries supply chains in Indonesia are INVESTING IN LOCAL UNIVERSITIES complex and often produce wastage and inefficiencies. Another key part of the Lesser Sunda Sustainable Fisheries Initiative (LSSFI) is the The LSSFI hopes to introduce a model that provides economic incentives for sustainable assessment and management of the fisheries in the region. Under the LSSFI in Indonesia, behavior, that would drive fleet behavior toward smarter fishing and post-harvest practices, TNC is collaborating with the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) to provide increasing education on and awareness of sustainable fisheries for fishers, micro-financing scientific and technical guidance on developing an area-based management approach in the support for fishers, and tackling poaching and illegal fishing problems. Lesser Sunda ecoregion. The research aims to leverage data-poor stock assessment methods to set sustainable catch levels, create agreements with fishers and fisher groups to achieve We believe that the long-term value of this initiative lies not only in the integrated sustainability targets, and test instruments such as no-take zones, co-management and rights- business model, novel partnerships and access to markets, but in the investments in fisheries based management to improve fisheries sustainability. conservation and in enhancing the livelihoods of local fishing and processing communities. The LSSFI partnership has also established the founding of the Consortium of East Nusa Together with our partners in the corporate, government and development sectors as well Tenggara Universities for Sustainable Fisheries that over time will take the lead in capacity as universities, we will continue to ensure that marine resources management is ecologically building in East Nusa Tenggara Province, ensuring that the LSSFI’s scientific methodologies sound, socially acceptable and economically viable through an industry-led fisheries reform are disseminated widely. The Consortium consists of seven universities with fisheries project like this. programs, and is one of the main beneficiaries of the LSSFI.

20 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 21 A LANDMARK IN REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP COLLABORATIVE CONSERVATION AT WORK

In 2003, TNC led a workshop gathering some of the world’s most renowned marine scientists The United States and Australian governments were early supporters of the CTI and have The Savu Sea Marine National Park was launched by the Minister of Marine Affairs to delineate an area now widely recognized as the Coral Triangle. Stretching across the marine provided funding and technical support. USAID created the ambitious Coral Triangle and Fisheries at the World Ocean Conference in Manado in 2009. Covering an area borders of six countries—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Support Partnership program, which has empowered TNC, CI and WWF to support the of 3.5 million hectares, it is the largest marine protected area in Indonesia and the Islands and Timor Leste—in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, the Coral Triangle region governments and peoples of the Coral Triangle countries in achieving the Regional and Coral Triangle. provides a habitat for 76 percent of the world’s coral species and 37 percent of its reef fish Country Plans of Action. species. It is home to feeding and breeding grounds for whales, dolphins, sea turtles, sharks The combination of strong currents and steep underwater cliffs make the area and manta rays, and its diverse fisheries support the livelihoods and protein requirements of The concerted and multilateral efforts adopted by the CTI will hopefully protect the ideal for migrating endangered species. It also allows for cold-water, nutrient-rich more than 120 million people in the region and millions more around the world. extraordinary marine and coastal biological resources in a region that is often called the upwelling that keep the corals cool, protecting them from bleaching when the water “Amazon of the Seas.” temperature increases. These productive marine habitats support large populations The region is a major center of coral evolution and is critically important as an anchor for of fish such as tuna, making the Savu Sea the “bread basket” of the Lesser Sunda. Indo-Pacific coral reef conservation. Spanning multiple political and cultural boundaries, it is Unfortunately, demands from the world’s fish market and growing populations of a marine refuge that has played a vital role in reseeding and reestablishing Indo-Pacific reefs the Savu Sea’s coastal communities, have resulted in unsustainable fishery harvests, over the past several millennia, demonstrating the resilient and enduring nature of its reefs in by-catch of marine mammals and turtles, and destructive fishing. the face of major disturbances and a changing global climate. The highly connected, diverse reef systems of this region are thought to be linked to the reefs of the eastern Pacific through Behind the establishment of the marine park is a group formed by the Governor the stepping-stone reefs of Micronesia and Polynesia. of East Nusa Tenggara, called the Savu Sea Marine National Park Assessment, Establishment and Management Planning Team. This team is a true partnership Recognizing the importance of these marine ecosystems to the region’s economy and inspired between the government, NGOs, local communities and fishing groups. Despite by the Micronesia Challenge, Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono reached out having limited resources, the team’s dedication and commitment has enabled a to the other five Coral Triangle country leaders, as well as the United States and Australia, to diverse group of stakeholders to come together and resolve major challenges to form a partnership to protect these valuable resources. On the sidelines of the United Nations protect the area. So far, the team has produced a draft management plan for the Savu Framework Convention on Climate Change in Bali in 2007, the Coral Triangle Initiative on Sea Marine National Park, this living document will evolve and guide the long-term Coral Reefs, Fisheries and Food Security (CTI-CFF) was established, creating a region-wide, sustainable management of the Savu Sea. multilateral partnership aimed at building political will and actions to safeguard the marine and coastal resources of the Coral Triangle for future generations.

In 2009, a CTI Summit was held during the World Oceans Conference in Manado, where the six heads of government declared an ambitious effort to protect the resources and the well-being and future of their people with the CTI Regional Plan of Action and individual member-country Plans of Action. The 10-year Regional CTI Plan of Action lays out steps to address growing threats to the region’s coral reefs, fisheries, mangroves, threatened species, and other marine and coastal living resources in the face of climate change.

22 / The Nature Conservacy The Nature Conservacy / 23 Moving Forward

The past 20 years have seen us grow considerably, both in terms of the size of our operations and in the way we respond to the tasks at hand.

Together with our partners we have been part of some big achievements, yet there is much more work to be done. Our biggest challenge remains how to balance the need for economic development with the conservation of the ecological and cultural values of Indonesia’s lands and waters. Neither human nor environmental sacrifices should be made as we set out to make Indonesia a better place.

The constraints to our future progress are many, but opportunities abound. We are encouraged by the fact that we are not alone. Our partners have helped make conservation a shared reality.

Looking forward, we need strong public policies at all levels of government that reward sustainability and discourage destructive use and management across sectors. The Ministry of Forestry’s introduction of the Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu or SVLK, a credible timber legality assurance system and the resulting shift towards responsible management across the forest sector, is an encouraging example of what is possible. 20 Years of The private sector, too, needs to share the responsibility of conservation. It is time to look beyond short-term gains Conservation Partnership and seek the long-term revenue of a sustainably conducted business. The Lesser Sunda Sustainable Fisheries Initiative In Indonesia (LSSFI) is exciting example of public-private partnership that offers a new business model for the sustainable All rights reserved. no part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner management of fisheries in Indonesia. whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information, address The Nature Consevacy (Indonesia But safeguarding our natural resources is also the responsibility of every human on Earth. That’s why TNC is working Program) Jl. Iskandarsyah Raya No.66C Jakarta to bring conservation closer to home and redoubling its efforts to involve local communities, students and increasingly urban populations in maintaining Indonesia’s natural riches for future generations.

illustration Climate change has already started to transform life on Earth by shifting seasons, increasing temperatures, raising sea Don Bason levels and increasing incidences of floods, fires and hurricanes. Unless we reduce emissions to levels compatible with a healthy planet, preserve forests and help our terrestrial and marine ecosystems adapt to a changing climate, the natural photo credits (left to right) resources upon which our lives depend will become dangerously depleted. Cover: Jeff Yonover/Aji Wihardandi (top), Ahmad Fuadi (middle), Aji Wihardandi/Jeff Yonover (bottom); Page 5: Yana Suryadinata (top), TNC (bottom); Pages 6-7: Jeff Yonover, Riza Marlon, Jones/Shimlock-Secret Indonesia is not the only nation with plentiful natural resources, and it is not alone in shouldering the responsibility Sea Visions, TNC, Jeff Yonover, Riza Marlon, Riza Marlon; Pages 8-9: Marthen Welly, Bridget Besaw, Tricia of solving these critical challenges. Conservation is a global responsibility, and by working together can we meet even Hanson, Donald Bason, Muhajir, Djuna Ivereigh, Marthen Welly, Christoporus Merung, Edy Sudiono; Pages the most daunting environmental challenges of our time. 10-11: Dwi Aryo, In’am F. Burhanuddin; Pages 12-17: Christoforus Terry, Bridget Besaw, Bridget Besaw, Aji Wihardandi, Aji Wihardandi, Bridget Besaw, Aji Wihardandi, Bridget Besaw, Fajarmansyah; Pages 18-23: Jeff In the Indonesia spirit of Gotong Royong, we look forward to another 20 years of conservation partnership and we hope Yonover, TNC, Wira Sanjaya/CTC, Eny Buchary, Hirmen Syofyanto, TNC, Jeff Yonover, Jeff Yonover, Rynal you will join us! Fadli; Page 24: Ahmad Fuadi.

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