DOCSLIB.ORG

Pdf/20151030/Pdf/432L0z4mgnkf64.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Volume 19 Issue 2 Article 4 2020 Mineralogical variations with the mining depth in the Congo Copperbelt: technical and environmental challenges in the hydrometallurgical processing of copper and cobalt ores Follow this and additional works at: https://jsm.gig.eu/journal-of-sustainable-mining Part of the Explosives Engineering Commons, Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Recommended Citation Lutandula, Michel Shengo; Kitobo, W. S.; Kime, M. B.; Mambwe, M. P.; and Nyembo, T. K. (2020) "Mineralogical variations with the mining depth in the Congo Copperbelt: technical and environmental challenges in the hydrometallurgical processing of copper and cobalt ores," Journal of Sustainable Mining: Vol. 19 : Iss. 2 , Article 4. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1009 This Review is brought to you for free and open access by Journal of Sustainable Mining. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Sustainable Mining by an authorized editor of Journal of Sustainable Mining. REVIEW ARTICLE Mineralogical variations with the mining depth in the Congo Copperbelt: technical and environmental challenges in the hydrometallurgical processing of copper and cobalt ores L.M. Shengo a,*, W.S. Kitobo b, M.-B. Kime c, M.P. Mambwe d,e, T.K. Nyembo f a Inorganic Chemistry Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Likasi Avenue, PO BOX 1825, City of Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo b Minerals Engineering and Environmental Research Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Kasapa Road, PO Box 1825, City of Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo c Department of Metallurgy, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17911, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa d Economic Geology Unit, Department of Geology, Faculty of the Sciences, University of Lubumbashi, Kasapa Road, PO Box 1825, City of Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo e Department of Exploration Geology, Tenke Fungurume Mining S.A., Airport Road, TFM Building, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga province, Democratic Republic of Congo f Department of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Research Centre of Minerals Processing, Higher School of Applied Techniques in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo Abstract For a long time in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the mining of ores for the production of copper cathodes and salts of cobalt was mostly conducted in the near-surface oxidized mineralization of the Congo Copperbelt. An important part of this mineralization is found in geological settings where copper and cobalt mainly exist as mixtures of oxides and sulfides. With the depletion of surface-rich minerals, mining is taking place at depths where sulfide minerals are prevalent. Using current technologies, the hydrometallurgical processing of ores with high levels of sulfide minerals results in poor metal recovery due to their retention in process wastes. These mineral wastes have the propensity to lead to Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) when exposed to rainfall and atmospheric air. Therefore, major changes in the tech- nologies implemented will be needed in order to guarantee higher process efficiencies while endeavoring to uphold environment safeguarding reinforcement. This work aimed to demonstrate the urgency of updating the hydrometal- lurgical technologies implemented for the processing of copper-cobalt ores with an emphasis put on minimizing the environmental footprint of process wastes. Four copper-cobalt deposits and downstream hydrometallurgical processes were surveyed to get a better understanding of how changes in mineralization occurring in the deposits will influence the processing technologies and practices during the management of process wastes. Keywords: copper-cobalt ores, mineralization changes, hydrometallurgical processing, technologies update, environ- ment safeguarding 1. Introduction concentrators or hydrometallurgical plants [1,2]. The concentrators produced commercial-grade- or a long time, in the Copperbelt of the oxide and sulfide concentrates that were either F Congo, the extraction of copper-cobalt ores processed at local copper hydrometallurgical was carried out in oxidized deposits close to the plants and smelters, or exported to countries like surface. The ore products were mainly supplied to Zambia and China for further treatments [3e11]. Received 13 November 2019; revised 24 February 2020; accepted 25 February 2020. Available online 5 October 2020. * Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected] (L.M. Shengo), [email protected] (W.S. Kitobo), meschackime@ gmail.com (M.-B. Kime), [email protected], [email protected] (M.P. Mambwe), [email protected] (T.K. Nyembo). https://doi.org/10.46873/2300-3960.1009 2300-3960/© Central Mining Institute, Katowice, Poland. This is an open-access article under the CC-BY 4.0 license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE MINING 2020;19:96e114 97 Similarly, hydrometallurgical plants processed copper hydrometallurgical plants. This can be ach- the oxidized copper-cobalt ores and produced ieved through improved practices in the manage- both copper cathodes and cobalt salts in the form ment of process wastes given the increased content e of sulfide minerals, which can cause AMD in the of hydroxides or carbonates [3,5,12 15]. Since REVIEW ARTICLE case of mismanagement [18]. 2012, the DRC has positioned itself as one of the This work seeks to demonstrate the urgency of major copper producers in Africa [16], with an updating the technologies currently used in the annual output of more than one million tons copper-cobalt hydrometallurgical plants in the achieved in 2017 [17]. The mineral export statistics former region of Katanga in response to observed for 2016 indicate, for example, that the Metal mineralogical changes in feed characteristics, with Mining Group (MMG) and Ruashi Mining, two of an emphasis placed on minimizing the environ- the main copper hydrometallurgical plants oper- mental footprint of process waste. To this end, the ating in the region of Haut of Katanga and sup- geological settings of four selected copper-cobalt ore deposits (Kinsevere, Ruashi, Mukondo, and plied by the Kinsevere and Ruashi mines, Bangwe mines) were described, with a compre- produced an estimated 79,337.283 and 32,139.428 hensive analysis of their mining exploration data. tCu cathodes, and 14,138.412 tCo hydroxides. Boss This was followed up with the description and Mining, another important copper hydrometal- discussion of the downstream hydrometallurgical lurgical plant operating in the Lualaba region, processing at four selected mines (Mining Metal located as Haut-Katanga in the former region of Group, Ruashi Mining, and Boss Mining, and Katanga, produced about 27,601.354 tCu cathodes Gecamines), as well the extent of the process ’ and 1,686.727 tCo hydroxides by processing ore wastes environmental footprints and the resulting negative effects, such as the formation and spread blends from the Menda, Mukondo, Bangwe, of AMD. South Kabolela, and Safi open pit mines. It is important to note here that with as the mining 2. The origin and location of the Cu-Coore depth increased, the majority of the mined ore deposit in the Congo Copperbelt products contain increasing amounts of sulfide The former region of Katanga, recently divided in copper-cobalt bearing minerals, which are poorly four new regions (Haut-Katanga, Lualaba, Haut- dissolved in the presence of sulfuric acid used as Lomani, and Tanganyika), is located in the south- the conventional leaching solvent at copper hy- eastern region of the DRC, and is home to one of the drometallurgical plants [6]. This results in a steep world's richest stratiform copper deposits [20e22]. drop in the recovery of valuable metal and an These deposits belong to the Central African Cop- increasing presence of sulfur in process wastes perbelt that stretches over 700 km from Zambia into [18]. the DRC and comprises stratiform copper-cobalt Among the strategies designed to meet these mineralization embedded in the Neoproterozoic challenges, some mining companies are either rocks of the Katangan Supergroup, consisting of a considering using blends of ores from different succession of carbonate and detrital rocks extending e mineral deposits to supply copper hydrometallur- over about 10 km [23 25]. The Katangan super- fi gical plants or producing commercial-grade con- group was deformed during and after the Lu lian centrates. Such practices cannot be regarded as orogeny [26]. It is subdivided into three groups from sustainable solutions for guaranteeing the country's bottom to top - Roan, Nguba, and Kundelungu growth through the extraction of copper-cobalt groups, including the sedimentary breccias mineral resources. Therefore, any approach for [23,24,27,28]. Most of the well-known copper-cobalt processing solutions for sustainable mining would deposits are found in the Roan Group and Mine require making drastic changes to the processing series (e.g. Bangwe, Etoile, Kinsevere, Mukondo and technologies currently implemented if one needs to Ruashi) and Dipeta subgroups (e.g. Shituru) e e e e improve metal recoveries at copper hydrometallur- [27,29 31]. Cu Ag or Cu Zn Pb deposits also gical plants [19]. This can be done through the occur in both the Nguba (e.g. Kamoa, Kipushi) and overhaul of the
Recommended publications
  • Biofilm Adhesion on the Sulfide Mineral Bornite & Implications for Astrobiology

    Biofilm Adhesion on the Sulfide Mineral Bornite & Implications for Astrobiology

    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Master's Theses 2019 BIOFILM ADHESION ON THE SULFIDE MINERAL BORNITE & IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY Margaret M. Wilson University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses Recommended Citation Wilson, Margaret M., "BIOFILM ADHESION ON THE SULFIDE MINERAL BORNITE & IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY" (2019). Open Access Master's Theses. Paper 1517. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/theses/1517 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BIOFILM ADHESION ON THE SULFIDE MINERAL BORNITE & IMPLICATIONS FOR ASTROBIOLOGY BY MARGARET M. WILSON A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN BIOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE THESIS OF MARGARET M. WILSON APPROVED: Thesis Committee: Major Professor Dawn Cardace José Amador Roxanne Beinart Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2019 ABSTRACT We present research observing and documenting the model organism, Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), building biofilm on a natural mineral substrate composed largely of bornite (Cu5FeS4), a copper-iron sulfide mineral, with closely intergrown regions of covellite (CuS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). In examining biofilm establishment on sulfide minerals, we investigate a potential habitable niche for microorganisms in extraterrestrial sites. Geochemical microenvironments on Earth and in the lab can also serve as analogs for important extraterrestrial sites, such as sheltered, subsurface microenvironments on Mars.
  • Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and Mno2 from Manganese Nodules

    Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and Mno2 from Manganese Nodules

    metals Article Leaching of Pure Chalcocite with Reject Brine and MnO2 from Manganese Nodules David Torres 1,2,3, Emilio Trigueros 1, Pedro Robles 4 , Williams H. Leiva 5, Ricardo I. Jeldres 5 , Pedro G. Toledo 6 and Norman Toro 1,2,3,* 1 Department of Mining and Civil Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; [email protected] (D.T.); [email protected] (E.T.) 2 Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Universidad Arturo Prat, Almirante Juan José Latorre 2901, Antofagasta 1244260, Chile 3 Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Minas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile 4 Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile; [email protected] 5 Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile; [email protected] (W.H.L.); [email protected] (R.I.J.) 6 Department of Chemical Engineering and Laboratory of Surface Analysis (ASIF), Universidad de Concepción, P.O. Box 160-C, Correo 3, Concepción 4030000, Chile; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +56-552651021 Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 24 October 2020; Published: 27 October 2020 Abstract: Chalcocite (Cu2S) has the fastest kinetics of dissolution of Cu in chlorinated media of all copper sulfide minerals. Chalcocite has been identified as having economic interest due to its abundance, although the water necessary for its dissolution is scarce in many regions. In this work, the replacement of fresh water by sea water or by reject brine with high chloride content from desalination plants is analyzed.
  • District Du Haut Katanga

    District Du Haut Katanga

    CONTEXTE : District du Haut Katanga: Lubumbashi: • Du 01 au 02 octobre, il s’est tenu la réunion de la Tripartite Plus. Ces assises ont regroupé les Chefs d’Etat-Major des pays membres de la Tripartite Plus à savoir le Burundi, l’Ouganda, le Rwanda, et la RDC en présence (sous la facilitation) du Commandant de la Force de la MONUC et de l’Attaché de Défense des Etats-Unis en RDC. La prochaine réunion de la Tripartite Plus se tiendra à Kampala en Ouganda au mois de janvier 2008. • Le 02/10/07, la pluie qui s’est abattue dans la ville de Lubumbashi et ses environs, a causé de dégâts matériels dans certains quartiers. A Kipushi, une femme est décédée de suite d’électrocution par la foudre. • Selon les informations relayées par les partenaires, des tracasseries sont perpétrées par le chargé de l’antenne des Affaires humanitaires installé à Bukama à l’endroit des acteurs humanitaires notamment dans la réinstallation des sinistrés des inondations initiée par l’ONG locale AME. OCHA a saisi les autorités locales sur ce dossier. Grâce à cette intervention, MSF-B a pu poursuivre les travaux de forage des puits dans ce site. • De violentes manifestations organisées à Kolwezi par des creuseurs artisanaux se sont soldées par d’importants dégâts matériels dont l’incendie de quelques maisons des cadres de la GECAMINES. Ces manifestations font suite aux mesures prises par la GECAMINES portant interdiction de la vente, en dehors de cette entreprise, des minerais puisés dans sa concession. • Dans la nuit du 05/10/07, une femme a été violée par des hommes en uniforme au quartier Kalemuka, située à 7 km du centre ville de Lubumbashi.
  • Democratic Republic of the Congo

    Democratic Republic of the Congo

    DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO MONTHLY REFUGEE STATISTICS Situation as of December 31, 2020 Type Age 0-4 5-11 12-17 18-59 60+ Total % Total Rural (out of camp) 68,538 95,888 56,917 121,848 8,698 351,889 71.8% Total Camps/Sites 23,105 38,805 20,837 46,296 2,939 131,982 26.9% Total 490,243 Total Urban 652 1,491 1,135 2,908 186 6,372 1.3% Grand Total 92,295 136,184 78,889 171,052 11,823 490,243 Refugee Population in DRC Refugee Population by Province in DRC Country Female Male Total % Province Main Location Type Female Male Total Angola 179 235 414 0.08% Bas Uele Ango & Bondo Rural 25,362 20,112 45,474 Burundi* 24,138 22,691 46,829 9.55% Equateur Disperced Rural 136 206 342 CAR 93,172 80,559 173,731 35.44% Haut Katanga Lubumbashi & Urb. & Rur. 1,742 Arounds 808 934 Rep.Congo 251 386 637 0.13% Haut Uele Dungu, Doruma Rural 22,491 19,577 42,068 Rwanda*** 107,418 106,359 213,777 43.61% Ituri Aru, Ariwara & IngbokoloRural 6,523 6,151 12,674 S. Sudan** 29,035 25,720 54,755 11.17% Kasai Oriental Tshiala Rural 4 7 11 Sudan 8 24 32 0.01% Kinshasa Kinshasa & Urb. & Rur. 790 outskirts 375 415 Uganda 13 10 23 0.005% Kongo Central Bas Fleuve, Rural 817 MbanzaNg. & Kimaza 328 489 Somalia 7 7 14 0.003% Lomami Luila &MweneDitu Rural 424 428 852 Ivory Coast 4 3 7 0.001% Lualaba Dilolo,Sandoa &Kolwezi Rural 590 596 1,186 Other 10 14 24 0.005% Maniema Pangi, Kailo&Lukolo Rural 243 385 628 Total 254,235 236,008 490,243 100% Nord Kivu Lubero, Masisi, Urb.
  • Le Congrès Pan-Africain De Préhistoire Visite Le Katanga. Compte Rendu De L'excursion (7 Au 14 Août 1955) (*), Par G

    Le Congrès Pan-Africain De Préhistoire Visite Le Katanga. Compte Rendu De L'excursion (7 Au 14 Août 1955) (*), Par G

    ET SA STRATIGRAPHIE, ETC. 73 que ce fossile se situe vers le début du pluvial gamblien. Répondant à une autre question il dit que pour les anglo-saxons il s'agit d'une forme pseudo-néanderthaloïde sans liens de parenté avec le N ean­ derthal européen; il résulterait d'une évolution parallèle. Son stade morphologique le mettrait à la source à la fois des austra­ loïdes et des non-australoïdes (Bushmen, etc ... ) M. M. Bequaert demande à M. G. Mortelmans de bien vouloir préciser la situation des industries paléolithiques du Congo belge et plus particulièrement de préciser la notion d'un hiatus culturel pendant le Kamasien s.l. M. Mortelmans répond qu'effectivement il semble qu'aux latitudes du Congo il y ait eu, pendant les plu­ viaux, un trop grand développement de la forêt. Celle-ci devait refouler les hommes primitifs vers des zones moins arborées où l'on rencontre effectivement leurs traces nombreuses. Au Katanga, par exemple, seules les Pebble-Cultures, qui encadrent le premier interpluvial, et l'Acheuléen terminal, suivi du Sangoen, qui pré­ cèdent la grande dessiccation fin-kanjérienne, sont abondamment représentés. Les stades pIns archaiques du Chelléo-Achellléen sont plus rares ou même absents. Il en est de même en Rhodésie du Nord. le Congrès Pan-Africain de Préhistoire visite le Katanga. Compte rendu de l'excursion (7 au 14 août 1955) (*), par G. MORTELMANS. INTRODUCTION. Il est de règle, dans tous les grands congrès internationaux qui s'intéressent aux sciences de la Terre, qu'il s'agisse de Géo­ logie, de Pédologie ou de Préhistoire, que les pays invitants se chargent d'organiser, sur leur territoire, de grandes excursions qui sont l'occasion, pour les spécialistes de ces pays, d'exposer les évidences de terrain sur lesquelles sont basées les connais­ sances locales ou régionales.
  • Musebe Artisanal Mine, Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo

    Musebe Artisanal Mine, Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo

    Gold baseline study one: Musebe artisanal mine, Katanga Democratic Republic of Congo Gregory Mthembu-Salter, Phuzumoya Consulting About the OECD The OECD is a forum in which governments compare and exchange policy experiences, identify good practices in light of emerging challenges, and promote decisions and recommendations to produce better policies for better lives. The OECD’s mission is to promote policies that improve economic and social well-being of people around the world. About the OECD Due Diligence Guidance The OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas (OECD Due Diligence Guidance) provides detailed recommendations to help companies respect human rights and avoid contributing to conflict through their mineral purchasing decisions and practices. The OECD Due Diligence Guidance is for use by any company potentially sourcing minerals or metals from conflict-affected and high-risk areas. It is one of the only international frameworks available to help companies meet their due diligence reporting requirements. About this study This gold baseline study is the first of five studies intended to identify and assess potential traceable “conflict-free” supply chains of artisanally-mined Congolese gold and to identify the challenges to implementation of supply chain due diligence. The study was carried out in Musebe, Haut Katanga, Democratic Republic of Congo. This study served as background material for the 7th ICGLR-OECD-UN GoE Forum on Responsible Mineral Supply Chains in Paris on 26-28 May 2014. It was prepared by Gregory Mthembu-Salter of Phuzumoya Consulting, working as a consultant for the OECD Secretariat.
  • Mecanisme De Referencement

    Mecanisme De Referencement

    EN CAS DE VIOLENCE SEXUELLE, VOUS POUVEZ VOUS ORIENTEZ AUX SERVICES CONFIDENTIELLES SUIVANTES : RACONTER A QUELQU’UN CE QUI EST ARRIVE ET DEMANDER DE L’AIDE La/e survivant(e) raconte ce qui lui est arrivé à sa famille, à un ami ou à un membre de la communauté; cette personne accompagne la/e survivant(e) au La/e survivant(e) rapporte elle-même ce qui lui est arrivé à un prestataire de services « point d’entrée » psychosocial ou de santé OPTION 1 : Appeler la ligne d’urgence 122 OPTION 2 : Orientez-vous vers les acteurs suivants REPONSE IMMEDIATE Le prestataire de services doit fournir un environnement sûr et bienveillant à la/e survivant(e) et respecter ses souhaits ainsi que le principe de confidentialité ; demander quels sont ses besoins immédiats ; lui prodiguer des informations claires et honnêtes sur les services disponibles. Si la/e survivant(e) est d'accord et le demande, se procurer son consentement éclairé et procéder aux référencements ; l’accompagner pour l’aider à avoir accès aux services. Point d’entrée médicale/de santé Hôpitaux/Structures permanentes : Province du Haut Katanga ZS Lubumbashi Point d’entrée pour le soutien psychosocial CS KIMBEIMBE, Camps militaire de KIMBEIMBE, route Likasi, Tel : 0810405630 Ville de Lubumbashi ZS KAMPEMBA Division provinciale du Genre, avenue des chutes en face de la Division de Transport, HGR Abricotiers, avenue des Abricotiers coin avenue des plaines, Q/ Bel Air, Bureau 5, Centre ville de Lubumbashi. Tel : 081 7369487, +243811697227 Tel : 0842062911 AFEMDECO, avenue des pommiers, Q/Bel Air, C/KAMPEMBA, Tel : 081 0405630 ZS RUASHI EASD : n°55, Rue 2, C/ KATUBA, Ville de Lubumbashi.
  • An Inventory of Fish Species at the Urban Markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo

    An Inventory of Fish Species at the Urban Markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo

    FISHERIES AND HIV/AIDS IN AFRICA: INVESTING IN SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS PROJECT REPORT | 1983 An inventory of fi sh species at the urban markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mujinga, W. • Lwamba, J. • Mutala, S. • Hüsken, S.M.C. • Reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture www.worldfi shcenter.org An inventory of fish species at the urban markets of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Mujinga, W., Lwamba, J., Mutala, S. et Hüsken, S.M.C. Translation by Prof. A. Ngosa November 2009 Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions This report was produced under the Regional Programme “Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions” by the WorldFish Center and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), with financial assistance from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This publication should be cited as: Mujinga, W., Lwamba, J., Mutala, S. and Hüsken, S.M.C. (2009). An inventory of fish species at the urban markets in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. Regional Programme Fisheries and HIV/AIDS in Africa: Investing in Sustainable Solutions. The WorldFish Center. Project Report 1983. Authors’ affiliations: W. Mujinga : University of Lubumbashi, Clinique Universitaire. J. Lwamba : University of Lubumbashi, Clinique Universitaire. S. Mutala: The WorldFish Center DRC S.M.C. Hüsken: The WorldFish Center Zambia National Library of Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Cover design: Vizual Solution © 2010 The WorldFish Center All rights reserved. This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational or non-profit purposes without permission of, but with acknowledgment to the author(s) and The WorldFish Center.
  • Kolwezi : L'espace Habité Et Ses Problèmes Dans Le Premier Centre

    Kolwezi : L'espace Habité Et Ses Problèmes Dans Le Premier Centre

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Horizon / Pleins textes KOLWEZI : L’ESPACE HABITfi ET SES PROBL’ÈMES DANS LE PREMIER CENTRE MINIER DU ZAÏRE Jean-Claude BRUNEAU et MANSILA Fu-Kiau Professeur ef Chef de frarraux à l’Université de Lubumbashi (Zaire] RÉsunrE Ville jeune, Kolrvezi fut créée en 1937 sur de très riches’gisements de cuivre et de cobalt, et reste le premier centre industriel et minier du Zaïre. La ville moyenne de l’époque coloniale, bien planifiée ef équipée, opposait les quartiers de cadres européens aux quartiers populaires africains (camps de la Société minière ef (1cifè indigène o), selon une struciure polynucléaire. Après un essor demographique et spafial impressionnant, Kolwezi est aujourd’hui une ville imporfante où les quartiers anciens sonf pris dans la marée de l’aufoconstruction qui envahit jusqu’aux concessions minières. Une part croissante de l’espace habité échappe à la GECAMINES, jadis Qproprièlaire o de la ville, et qui envisage de déplacer celle-ci pour exploiter les nouveaux gisements. Toul cela rend très nécessaire l’élaboration d’un schéma d’aménagement global de la ville de Kolwezi. MOTS-CL& : Zaïre - Centre minier - Croissance urbaine - Schéma d’aménagement. urbain. ABSTRACT KOLWEZI :THE INHABITED SPACE AND ITS PROBLEMS IN THE MAJORMINING CENTRE IN ZAIRE A Young town, Kolwezi was seftled in 1937 on very rich copper and cobalt deposits. It is still the major industrial and mining centre in Zaïre. In a mid-sized well-planned and equiped colonial fown, one could distinguish rvhile collar european districts and african rvorkers areas i.e.
  • Growing Greener Cities in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    Growing Greener Cities in the Democratic Republic of Congo

    How a project for development of urban and peri-urban horticulture in five cities is helping to grow 150 000 tonnes of vegetables a year supply fresh, nutritious produce to 11.5 million urban residents build sustainable livelihoods for 16 000 small-scale market gardeners generate jobs and income for 60 000 people in the horticulture value chain The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale
  • Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources

    Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources

    Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources Prepared for By Dr. Carol Ann Woody & Sarah Louise O’Neal Fisheries Research and Consulting Anchorage, Alaska June 2012 Effects of Copper on Fish and Aquatic Resources Introduction The Nushagak and Kvichak river watersheds in Bristol Bay Alaska (Figure 1) together produced over 650 million sockeye salmon during 1956-2011, about 40% of Bristol Bay production (ADFG 2012). Proposed mining of copper–sulfide ore in these watersheds will expose rocks with elevated metal concentrations including copper (Cu) (Figure 1; Cox 1996, NDM 2005a, Ghaffari et al. 2011). Because mining can increase metal concentrations in water by several orders of magnitude compared to uncontaminated sites (ATSDR 1990, USEPA 2000, Younger 2002), and because Cu can be highly toxic to aquatic life (Eisler 2000), this review focuses on risks to aquatic life from potential increased Cu inputs from proposed development. Figure 1. Map showing current mining claims (red) in Nushagak and Kvichak river watersheds as of 2011. Proven low- grade copper sulfide deposits are located in large lease block along Iliamna Lake. Documented salmon streams are outlined in dark blue. Note many regional streams have never been surveyed for salmon presence or absence. Sources: fish data from: www.adfg.alaska.gov/sf/SARR/AWC/index.cfm?ADFG =main.home mine data from Alaska Department of Natural Resources - http://www.asgdc.state.ak.us/ Core samples collected from Cu prospects near Iliamna Lake (Figure 1) show high potential for acid generation due to iron sulfides in the rock (NDM 2005a). When sulfides are exposed to oxygen and water sulfuric acid forms, which can dissolve metals in rock.
  • Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits of the World: Deposit Models and Database

    Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits of the World: Deposit Models and Database

    Sediment-Hosted Copper Deposits of the World: Deposit Models and Database By Dennis P. Cox1, David A. Lindsey2 Donald A. Singer1, Barry C. Moring1, and Michael F. Diggles1 Including: Descriptive Model of Sediment-Hosted Cu 30b.1 by Dennis P. Cox1 Grade and Tonnage Model of Sediment-Hosted Cu by Dennis P. Cox1 and Donald A. Singer1 Descriptive Model of Reduced-Facies Cu 30b.2 By Dennis P. Cox1 Grade and Tonnage Model of Reduced Facies Cu by Dennis P. Cox1 and Donald A. Singer1 Descriptive Model of Redbed Cu 30b.3, by David A. Lindsey2 and Dennis P. Cox1 Grade and Tonnage Model of Redbed Cu by Dennis P. Cox1 and Donald A. Singer1 Descriptive Model of Revett Cu 30b.4, by Dennis P. Cox1 Grade and Tonnage Model of Revett Cu by Dennis P. Cox1 and Donald A. Singer1 Open-File Report 03-107 Version 1.3 2003, revised 2007 Available online at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/of03-107/ Any use of trade, product or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 2 Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Introduction This publication contains four descriptive models and four grade-tonnage models for sediment hosted copper deposits. Descriptive models are useful in exploration planning and resource assessment because they enable the user to identify deposits in the field and to identify areas on geologic and geophysical maps where deposits could occur.