ILLUSTRATIONS

Friendship, Hatred; David and Jonathan, Saul and David Frontispiece La Somme le Roy; London, Brit. Mus., Add. MS 28162, fol. 6v. (British Museum) 1. Focused Perspective 219 a) Parallel Perspective b) Angular Perspective 2. Inspection of Geese Belonging to Amenemheb at Thebes 219 London, British Museum (British Museum) 3. Ornamental Fish Pond in the Garden of Amenemheb at Thebes 219 London, British Museum (British Museum) 4. Fishing Scene 219 Beni Hasan, Tomb of Chnemhotp (Traced from H. Schäfer and W. Andrae, Die Kunst des alten Orients, Propyläen-Verlag, p. 288) 5. Achilles and Patroclus 220 Wall Painting from Herculaneum; Naples, National Museum (Photo Alinari) 6. Battle between Alexander and Darius 220 Mosaic from Pompeii; Naples, National Museum (Photo Alinari) 7. Wall Painting from Boscoreale 221 New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art (Metropolitan Museum of Art) 8. Monochrome Landscape 221 Rome, Villa Albani (Photo Alinari) 9. Odysseus in the Land of the Laestrygonians 222 Rome, The Vatican (Sansaini) 10. Virgin and Child with Angels 222 Mosaic of the Nave; Ravenna, Sant'Apollinare Nuovo (Photo Alinari) 11. Scene from the Story of Joshua 223 Mosaic of the Nave; Rome, Santa Maria Maggiore (Photo Alinari) 12. Christ with Saints 223 Mosaic of the Apse; Rome, Santa Prassede (E. Richter) 13. Hezekiah and the Prophet Isaiah 224 Rome, Santa Maria Antiqua (Photo Alinari) 14. The Assumption 224 Rome, San demente (Photo Alinari) xiv ILLUSTRATIONS 15. Genesis 225 Bible of Moutier-Grandval; London, Brit. Mus., Add. MS 10546, fol. 5v (British Museum) 16. Count Vivien Presenting the Bible to Charles the Bald 225 Bible of Charles the Bald; Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS lat. 1, fol. 423 (Bibliothèque Nationale) 17. St. Matthew 226 Gospels; London, Brit. Mus., Harley MS 2788, fol. 13v (British Museum) 18. St. Matthew 226 Ebbo Gospels, Epernay, Bibl. de la Ville, MS 1, fol. 18v (Les Archives Pho- tographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 19. The Angel with the Millstone 227 Apocalypse; , Staatsbibl., MS 140 (A. II. 42) (H. Swarzenski, Vor- gotische Miniaturen, Verlag der Blauen Bücher, p. 37) 20. St. John the Baptist Preaching; Christ and the Disciples 227 Bernward Gospels; , Treasure, MS 18 (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) 21. The Visitation; Birth and Naming of St. John 227 Bernward Gospels; Hildesheim, Cathedral Treasure, MS 18 (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) 22. The Ascension; St. John the Evangelist 227 Bernward Gospels; Hildesheim, Cathedral Treasure, MS 18 (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) 23. The Adoration of the Magi 228 Benedictional of St. Aethelwold, fol. 24v; Chatsworth, Library of the Duke of Devonshire (G. Warner and H. A. Wilson, The Benedictional of St. Aethelwold, fol. 24v) 24. The Nativity 228 Benedictional of St. Aethelwold, fol. 15; Chatsworth, Library of the Duke of Devonshire (G. Warner and H. A. Wilson, The Benedictional of St. Aethel- wold, fol. 15) 25. Episode in the Life of St. Radegonde: Three Figures Dancing and Singing Profane Songs; Nuns Complaining of the Noise to St. Radegonde, Who in Her Ecstasy Has Heard Nothing 229 Life of St. Radegonde; Poitiers, Bibl. Mun., MS 250, fol. 40 (Les Archives Photographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 26. St. John Dictating His Gospel to His Disciple St. Polycarp 229 Gospels in Greek; London, Brit. Mus., Burney MS 19, fol. 165 (British Museum) 27. SS. Isaac and Meletius 229 Menologium of Basil II; Rome, Vatican, MS gr. 1613, fol. 54 (Il Menologto di Basilio II, fol. 54) 28. Allegory of Sowing and Reaping 230 Page from a Speculum Virginis; Bonn, Provinzial Museum (H. Swarzenski, Vorgotische Miniaturen, Verlag der Blauen Bücher, p. 67) ILLUSTRATIONS xv 29. The Adoration of the Magi 230 Evangeliary from Hardehausen; Kassel, Landesbibl., Theol. Fol. 59 (H. Swar- zenski, Vorgotische Miniaturen, Verlag der Blauen Bücher, p. 60) 30. The Three Marys at the Tomb 231 Le Liget, Chapel (Les Archives Photographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 31. God and Abraham; Joseph and His Brothers 231 Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, (Les Archives Photographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 32. Moses and Aaron; St. Peter and Andrew, Prior of Cluny 232 Exposition of Leviticus by Raoul de Flay; Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS lat. 11564, fol. 2 (P. Lauer, Les Enluminures romanes. Pl. XLV) 33. The Massacre of the Innocents 232 Albani Psalter; Hildesheim, Library of the Church of St. Godehard (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) 34. The Three Marys at the Tomb 232 Psalter from Shaftesbury Abbey; London, Brit. Mus., Lansdowne MS 383, fol. 13 (British Museum) 35. Cuthbert Sails to the Land of the Picts 232 Life of St. Cuthbert; London, Brit. Mus., Add. MS 39943, fol. 26 (British Museum) 36. Genesis 233 Bible; Rome, Vatican, MS lat. 12958, fol. 4v (P. Toesca, Miniature romane, Pl. VI) 37. The Crucifixion 233 Gospels in Greek; London, Brit. Mus., Harley MS 1810, fol. 204 (British Museum) 38. Scenes from the Life of Christ; The Treatment of Wounds and Dislocated Limbs 233 Treatise on Surgery; London, Brit. Mus., Sloane MS 1977 (British Museum) 39. The Annunciation; The Visitation; The Nativity 233 Ingeburge Psalter; Chantilly, Mus. Condé, MS 1695, fol. 6 (Les Archives Photographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 40. Philippe I and His Court 234 Charter of St. Martin-des-Champs; London, Brit. Mus., Add. MS 11662 (M. Prou "Dessins du XI* siècle et peintures du XIII* siècle," Revue de l'art chrétien, XL [1890], Pl. V) 41. Philippe I and His Court 234 Charter of St. Martin-des-Champs; Paris, Bibl. Nat., Nouv. acq. MS lat. 1359 (M. Prou, "Dessins du XI* siècle et peintures du XIII* siècle," Revue de l'art chrétien. XL [1890], Pl. VI) 42. Saul Meeting the Israelites and the Band of Prophets 235 Psalter of St. Louis; Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS lat. 10525 (Les Archives Photogra- phiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) xvi ILLUSTRATIONS 43. St. Martin Sharing His Cloak with the Beggar 235 Manuscript from St. Albans; Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum (Fitzwilliam Museum) 44. The Visitation 235 Book of Hours: London, Brit. Mus., Harley MS 928, fol. 4 (British Museum) 45. Initial Letter 235 Book of Hours; London, Brit. Mus., Egerton MS 1151, fol. 47 (British Museum) 46. St. Luke; Christ and the Woman at the Well; Crucifixion 236 Evangeliary; , Rathaus (A. Goldschmidt, Das Evangeliar im Rathaus zu Goslar, PI. X) 47. The Journey and the Adoration of the Magi 236 Missal of Berthold; New York, P. Morgan Library, MS 710 (P. Morgan Library) 48. Lavinia Writes to tineas; She Gives an Arrow and the Letter to an Archer 237 JEneid of Heinrich von Veldeke; Berlin, Preuss. Staatsbibl., Germ. Fol. 282, fol. 71 (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) 49. St. Francis and Scenes from His Life 237 Florence, Santa Croce (Photo Alinari) 50. Madonna in Majesty, by Duccio 238 Siena, Mus. dell'Opera del Duomo (R. Schneider, La Peinture italienne des origines au XVI6 siede, Paris and Brussels, 1929, PI. IX) 51. The Last Supper, by Duccio 238 Siena, Mus. dell'Opera del Duomo (Photo Alinari) 52. St. Francis Presents Innocent III with the Rules of His Order, by Giotto 239 Florence, Santa Croce (Photo Alinari) 53. Distance Point Construction 239 54. View of a City, Attributed to Ambrogio Lorenzetti 239 Siena, Academy (Photo Alinari) 55. Episode from the Life of St. Nicholas: The Miracle of the Corn, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti 239 Florence, Uffizi (Photo Alinari) 56. The Presentation in the Temple, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti 240 Florence, Uffizi (Photo Alinari) 57. The Annunciation, by Ambrogio Lorenzetti 240 Siena, Academy (Photo Alinari) 58. Scene from the St. Cecilia Altarpiece 241 Florence, Uffizi (Photo Alinari) 59. The Birth of the Virgin, by Pietro Lorenzetti 241 Siena, Mus. dell'Opera del Duomo (Photo Alinari) ILLUSTRATIONS xvii

60. The Annunciation, by Pu celle 242 Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux; Paris, Rothschild Collection (L. Delisle, Les Heures dites de Jean Pucelle, Pl. XXVI) 61. The Duke of Burgundy Putting on the King's Golden Spurs 242 Coronation Book of Charles V; London, Brit. Mus., Cotton MS Tiberius D. viii, fol. 48v (British Museum) 62. Episodes from the Life of King Solomon 242 Bible; London, Brit. Mus., Royal MS 19 D. ii, fol. 273 (British Museum) 63. A Prophet, Attributed to Beauneveu 243 Psalter of Jean de France, Duc de Berry; Paris, Bibl. Nat., MS fr. 13091 (Les Archives Photographiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 64. The Flight into Egypt, Attributed to Jacquemart de Hesdin 243 Les Très Belles Heures de Jean de France, Duc de Berry; Brussels, Bibl. Roy., MS 11060, fol. 106 (H. Fierens-Gevaert, Les Très Belles Heures. Pl. X) 65. The Annunciation, Attributed to Jacquemart de Hesdin 244 Les Très Belles Heures de Notre Dame du Duc de Berry; Paris, Rothschild Col- lection (P. Durrieu, Les Très Belles Heures, Pl. II) 66. The Labors of the Months: August, Corn Harvest 244 Queen Mary Psalter; London, Brit. Mus., Royal MS 2 B. vii, fol. 78v (British Museum) 67. The Adoration of the Magi; St. George, Edward III and His Sons 245 Westminster Palace, St. Stephen's Chapel (H. C. Englefield, Description of the Additional Plates of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace. Pl. XVI) 68. The Presentation in the Temple, the Nativity, the Annunciation to the Shepherds; Queen Philippa and Her Daughters 245 Westminster Palace, St. Stephen's Chapel (H. C. Englefield, Description of the Additional Plates of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace, Pl. XVII) 69. The Destruction of Job's Children 246 Wall Painting from Westminster Palace, St. Stephen's Chapel; London, British Museum (H. C. Englefield, Description of the Additional Plates of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace, Pl. XIX) 70. Job Receiving the Messenger with News of His Children 246 Wall Painting from Westminster Palace, St. Stephen's Chapel; London, British Museum (H. C. Englefield, Description of the Additional Plates of St. Stephen's Chapel, Westminster Palace. Pl. XXV) 71. The Presentation in the Temple, by Siferwas 247 Lectionary of John, Lord Lovel of Tischmersh; London, Brit. Mus., Harley MS 7026, fol. 12 (British Museum) 72. Initial Letter 247 Lectionary of John, Lord Lovel of Tischmersh; London, Brit. Mus., Harley MS 7026, fol. 17 (British Museum) 73. The Crucifixion 247 Missal; Cologne, Dombibl., MS 149 (Photograph in the P. Morgan Library) xviii ILLUSTRATIONS 74. Methods of Representation in Roman and Renaissance Painting 248 75. Forms of Background from the Eighth through the Fourteenth Century 249 76. The Coronation of the Virgin, by Fouquet 250 Hours of Etienne Chevalier; Chantilly, Mus. Condé (Les Archives Photogra- phiques d'Art et d'Histoire, Paris) 77. The Flagellation, by Piero della Francesca 250 Urbino, Cathedral (Photo Alinari) 78. Scenes from the Desecration of the Host, by Paolo Uccello 250 Urbino, Ducal Palace (Photo Alinari) SPACE IN MEDIEVAL PAINTING AND THE FORERUNNERS OF PERSPECTIVE • • • •