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The University of Chicago a Philosophy to Live By

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The University of Chicago a Philosophy to Live By THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO A PHILOSOPHY TO LIVE BY: GOETHE‘S ART OF LIVING IN THE SPIRIT OF THE ANCIENTS A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF GERMANIC STUDIES BY GEORGINNA ANNE HINNEBUSCH CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2018 Table of Contents List of Abbreviations....................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Goethe and Ancient philosophy .................................................................................................. 6 Philosophy as an Art of Living: Making the most of life ........................................................ 10 Art & Science as a Goethean Art of Living .............................................................................. 18 Introduction of Chapters ........................................................................................................... 19 Chapter 1 Ancient Philosophy as an Art of living........................................................................ 26 Central Claim & Methodology ................................................................................................. 29 Outline of this chapter ............................................................................................................... 31 I. Philosophy as a Way of life .................................................................................................. 34 Pierre Hadot's Conception of Ancient Philosophy as Spiritual Exercise .............................. 34 Goethe's conception of Philosophy ....................................................................................... 44 II. An ancient art of living as the practice of Epicurean & Stoic spiritual exercise .................. 59 Epicurean & Stoic Therapeutics & the Exercise of a Concentration on the Present ............ 60 Goethean affinities with Epicureanism & Stoicism .............................................................. 66 Goethe's valorization of the present and its Epicurean and Stoic resonances....................... 72 Ancient exercises in a View from above & Cosmic consciousness ...................................... 91 III. Goethean scientific & artistic variations on the spritual exercise of a view from above and cosmic consciousness................................................................................................................ 95 Goethean view from above and the intuition of a natural archetype .................................... 95 Viewing Nature as a Whole .................................................................................................. 96 Gegenständliches Sehen...................................................................................................... 102 Intuitive Apprehension ........................................................................................................ 105 Artistic Intuition ...................................................................................................................110 Résumé ................................................................................................................................ 124 IV. The Italian Journey as the fount of Goethean art of living ................................................ 126 Reading the Italien Journey as a spiritual text in the Ancient philosophical tradition ....... 126 Chapter 2 Goethe's Italian Journey: a therapeutic journey in the spirit of the ancients ............. 147 I. Goethe's Malaise of the Passions ......................................................................................... 152 Goethe's Art of Healing: Classical Rebirth ......................................................................... 160 ii II. The ancient therapeutics of presence.................................................................................. 162 Goethe's Therapeutics of Presence ...................................................................................... 163 Stoic duty to the present: the imperative of self-reliance ................................................... 169 Epicurean happiness in the present ..................................................................................... 190 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 227 Chapter 3: Goethean Spiritual exercises in Natural Investigation .............................................. 233 I. Natural Observation as Spiritual Therapy ........................................................................... 237 II. Natural Investigation as a Self-transformative Exercise .................................................... 245 The Ancients' attitude toward nature .................................................................................. 245 Goethe's observational stance towards nature .................................................................... 246 Ancient Spiritual techniques in Observation ...................................................................... 248 Goethean spiritual techniques in natural observation ......................................................... 251 III. Seeing Nature from a physical point of view: Polarity & Intensification ........................ 259 Exercises in Observing Nature through topographic polarities .......................................... 262 Exercises in observing nature through the Polarity of Generation and Destruction ........... 266 Exercises in observing nature from the perspective of normality and abnormality ........... 272 Temporal Exercises in Seeing ............................................................................................. 274 IV. Goethe's Scientia Intuitiva as a species of ancient cosmic consciousness ........................ 288 The ethical worldview of an ancient cosmic consciousness ............................................... 288 Goethe's Spinozan ethical worldview ................................................................................. 292 Intuitive observations of nature .......................................................................................... 294 Chapter 4 Goethean Spiritual Exercises in Observing and Producing Artworks........................ 308 I. Self-Formative Travel & Spiritual Knowledge .................................................................. 313 II. Therapeutics of Art Observation ....................................................................................... 320 The artwork's presence ........................................................................................................ 320 Therapeutic primacy of Presence ........................................................................................ 322 Goethean exercises in animating presence ......................................................................... 327 The Therapeutics of life-affirming art interpretation .......................................................... 333 Exercises in averting one's gaze from death & directing one's gaze towards life .............. 344 III. Goethean Aesthetic exercises in the observation of art through polarities ....................... 352 Baumgarten's Conception of Aesthetic Exercises & its Goethean Resonances .................. 352 Baumgarten on the regulation of subjective affects & Goethe on 'gegenständliches Sehen' ............................................................................................................................................. 360 Ideal and Real Observations of art: Seeing 'in concreto' vs. Seeing 'in abstracto' .............. 364 iii Perceptual discrepancies between ideal and real ................................................................ 365 Aesthetic Exercises Mediating Ideal and Real.................................................................... 368 Historical versus Ahistorical exercises in Seeing ............................................................... 373 Exercises in Historical regard ............................................................................................. 376 Achieving a Classical Regard ............................................................................................. 394 Exercises in Ahistorical viewing: the importance of natural context ................................. 398 Exercises in seeing in light and in darkness........................................................................ 401 IV. The Intensification of Aesthetic Exercises through Productive Seeing ............................411 Baumgarten and Aesthetic Judgment ...................................................................................411 Aesthetic exercises in productive seeing ............................................................................ 414 Synthesizing Subjective & Objective ................................................................................. 416 Reconciling Form & Content .............................................................................................. 420 The Logic of Part & Whole ...............................................................................................
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