DOCSLIB.ORG

Post-WWII Italian Migration from Veneto (Italy) to Australia and Transnational Houses in Queensland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Post-WWII Italian Migration from Veneto (Italy) to Australia and Transnational Houses in Queensland International Journal of Arts 2016, 6(1): 1-10 DOI: 10.5923/j.arts.20160601.01 Post-WWII Italian Migration from Veneto (Italy) to Australia and Transnational Houses in Queensland Laura Faggion, Raffaello Furlan* Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, State of Qatar Abstract This paper explores the phenomenon of post WWII Italian migration (from the Veneto region) to the State of Queensland in Australia. The exploration is linked with the topic of the accommodations where respondents resided since their arrival in Australia. The data was collected in Australia from semi-structured interviews conducted with ten families native to the Veneto region, who migrated to Australia after WWII. All interviews were conducted in the language preferred by participants, which corresponded to their regional dialect and the Italian language interpolated with some Austral-Italiani words. The interviews have been transcribed and subjected to the first level of analysis - thematic analysis - following orthodox practices (Kitchin & Tate, 2000; Seale, 2004). The analysis of the transcript material generated a number of themes, which, after being subjected to a second level of analysis using phenomenological hermeneutics, have been validated by the respondents. The themes have been ordered into two groups corresponding to first and last (or permanent) dwellings’ migration experiences. Keywords Italo-Australian Immigration, Housing, History Faggion, 2015a, 2015b, 2016; Furlan & L.Faggion, 2016). 1. Migration Experiences and First In order to understand the shortage of food it has been Dwellings necessary to investigate the diverse situation between Italian cities and the countryside during and after WWII, and also The discourses about migration experiences lived by the difference between the countryside in the North and migrants from the Veneto region provided insights, which South of Italy. Firstly, as observed by Harper and Faccioli have been structured into nine main themes: (1) the (2009), during and after WWII, the scarcity of food was conditions in the native region prior to departure; (2) the perceived more in the Italian cities than in the countryside. In influence of respondents’ circumstances on their migration the former the cost of living had multiplied nearly twenty decision; (3/4/5) the manner in which they migrated - firstly three times between 1938 and 1945 and basic foodstuffs men, then followed by wives - and their particular plan; (6) were in very short supply (Ginsborg, 1990). Moreover, a the accommodation where respondents, as single men, system of ration cards was used to procure food, however resided; and (7/8/9) the accommodations where respondents, those depending only on these cards could die of starvation. as newlywed couples, resided. Figure 1 summarises the This condition persisted also after the end of WWII, during themes and the major arguments discussed in this section. the reconstruction period (Harper & Faccioli, 2009). In the Situation in the Veneto region: “There was food but no countryside instead, in same cases, during and after WWII, work” peasant families lived on the food produced on their farms, and staved off starvation (Harper & Faccioli, 2009). The During the first interviews, while describing the situation was considered better in the northern regions of circumstances in their native region prior to departure, Italy than in the southern ones. In order to understand this respondents frequently used the term ‘miseria’ (destitution claim, it has been necessary to explore and explain the two or misery) and ‘povertà’ (poverty). From their accounts, it diverse agrarian structures that have existed in the north and emerged that at the time of departure from Italy, occurred in the south of Italy since the medieval period. In the between 1954 and 1964, there was an extreme scarcity of northern regions there was in force an agricultural system work, apart from random work on the farms belonging to the called mezzadria (sharecropping), whereas in the southern extended family (Furlan, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c; Furlan & there was the latifondismo (latifundism system). In the latter, nearly all land was held in latifondi estates owned by * Corresponding author: individuals or institutions where the land was worked almost [email protected] (Raffaello Furlan) Published online at http://journal.sapub.org/arts entirely by day labourers. Thus, the peasants, landless Copyright © 2016 Scientific & Academic Publishing. All Rights Reserved labourers living in towns adjoining the estates, had to 2 Laura Faggion et al.: Post-WWII Italian Migration from Veneto (Italy) to Australia and Transnational Houses in Queensland congregate in the village squares to compete for work daily. which were witnessing a strong industrial development These labourers had neither stake in the land they worked, (Muscara, 1988, 1991; Pellegrini & Zerbi, 1983); and (2) nor plots for their small gardens, or common lands in which also external, namely towards neighbouring European to graze a few animals. Conversely, in the rural northern countries and, more distantly, towards Canada, North regions of Italy where the mezzadria system was diffused, America, South America (Brazil, Argentina) and Australia the situation was much different. Here, peasants lived on (Baldassar, 2005; Castles, 1992). As expressed by farming estates (fattorie), which were divided into peasant interviewees, Australia corresponded with their choice of farms (poderi), each one with its own land, cottage and stable. migration. However the question was: why Australia or why Peasants produced crops, half of which were distributed to respondents decided to migrate to Australia rather than other the landowner. They also had access to small plots on which countries? This will be discussed in the following section. they could grow their own subsistence crop. With this system, Figure 2 summarises the Veneto’s migrants’ destinations. the peasant families of northern Italy were relatively secure Family background and network of information: as they had access to a variety of food from their own “We knew where to go” cultivation and livestock, as well as sharing the crops they grew for the landlord (Harper & Faccioli, 2009). These When asked why they chose to migrate to Australia varying aspects help to explain the reasons why peasants instead of other countries, respondents discussed past from the north of Italy could endure more in hard times such migration’s experiences within their families. Through the as a bad harvest or war. However informants also spoke presence of family members scattered around the world, the about the bleak situation of jobs in their homeland. Outside family background could guarantee the informants a of their farms, there was great paucity of work, a worldwide network of information about the state of the circumstance that led to very low circulation of cash which, labour markets. This, in turn, gave the respondents a high in turn, created a stagnant economic situation. This is degree of mobility to go precisely where job opportunities confirmed by Padovani (1984) who asserts that the post were available. This discourse on the information network of WWII reconstruction was extremely slow and was located the family was consistent among informants. Besides mainly in the urban areas of the Italian peninsula, whereas, in explaining the network of information they were exposed to, opposition, the rural areas were quite neglected. Their only respondents highlighted the particular idea they held about way out of this static situation, according to the informants, Australia. From the perspective of the informants, Australia was to try to find work outside their hometowns. was perceived as a land with abundant jobs opportunities, Respondents’ memories of that period unveil the intrinsic and/or a ‘paradise’ in terms of work. Thus, despite its link between the economic situation, expressed as lack of remoteness from Italy, interviewees chose Australia rather work in their hometowns and the choice to migrate, aiming at than other countries. The dates of their departures from the finding relief from the economic plight gripping their native Italian ports as well as the name of the ships that brought region. As clarified by historical researchers, in the post them to the New Country are still clearly engraved in their WWII years, the migratory movements of the Italian memories: 16th April 1952 on board the ship Genoa, 27th inhabitants were internal: (1) from the countryside to the city March 1956 on board Oceania, 18 of September 1957 on and, especially, from Veneto towards the industrial triangle Sydney … with vertex in the western cities of Turin, Milan and Genoa, SECTION THEMES AND MAJOR POINTS 1. Situation in the Veneto region “There was food but no job” - City vs. countryside - North vs. south countryside - Non-existence of jobs, besides farming Experience of 2. Family background and network information: We knew where to go= Australia migration and 3. First men alone … - No assisted passage but sponsored entries = jobs - Chain migration 4. The plan: Work in Australia, then return home 5. … then, the wives No assisted passage 6. Accommodation of men alone = temporary solutions first dwellings 8. First house - rent = waste of economic capital 7. Accommodation of (=temporary - sponsorship newlyweds accommodation) 9. Second house - family hygiene - Investment for the job. Figure 1. Experience of Migration and first dwellings:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Veneto Main Cities and Key Economic Sectors
    VENETO MAIN CITIES AND KEY ECONOMIC SECTORS OVERVIEW – Veneto Region Area: 18.345,35 km2 Corporate taxes: Provinces: Padova, Rovigo, Vicenza, 0-15.000 € 23% Verona, Treviso, Venezia, Belluno 15.001-28.000 € 27% Municipalities: 94 28.001-55.000 € 38% 55.001-75.000 € 41% Population: 4.907.529 75.001 € > … € 43% Capital of the region: Venice Additional regional GDP: Taxable income < 45.000 € 0,9% Language: Italian Taxable icome > 300.000 € 0,9 % GDP (2017): 162,5 billion Euro + 3% solidarity contribution GDP per capita (2017): 33.122 Euro GDP annual growth (2017): +2.3% Source: statistica.regione.veneto.it OVERVIEW – Venetian provinces and main cities of Veneto Region Padova: 936 274 inhabitants Venezia Today magazine…. “The image of the productive and entrepreneurial Northeast also owes much to Verona: 921 557 inhabitants Treviso. In just a few years an area with an almost agricultural economy, a sector Treviso: 885 972 inhabitants still very flourishing and specialized (as confirmed by the vineyards of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, with the renowned Prosecco Superiore DOCG and Vicenza: 865 082 inhabitants radicchio Treviso), has become one of the engines of the Italian economy, in Venezia: 854 275 inhabitants particular in the mechanical sectors, metalworking, textiles, food and clothing, in which it has been able to establish itself worldwide with some prestigious brands Rovigo: 238 558 inhabitants such as Benetton. The main industrial districts concern furniture, stainless steel products, footwear and sportswear.” Belluno: 205
    [Show full text]
  • Summer Lobster Specials
    APPETIZERS SIGNATURE ENTRÉES All dinners include Insalata Mista. Add Other salads - 6 CHICKEN ORZO SOUP Cup 4, Bowl 6 SURF, TURF, AND PASTA 35 lobster tail with lemon basil sauce, prime bistro steak over grilled zucchini PAN FRIED FRESH MOZZARELLA 11 with salsa verde, and bucatini bolognese JUMBO SHRIMP COCKTAIL (4) 13 served with house made cocktail sauce 1/2 Dozen Dozen FILET MIGNON 39 19, 36 hand cut 8 oz. filet over whipped Yukon gold potatoes and grilled asparagus, P.L.T. & MOZZARELLA 17 crimini mushrooms, charred onions, gorgonzola dolce, and marsala demi a tower of fresh prosciutto, lobster meat, tomato, fresh mozzarella, basil and balsamic reduction BRAISED SHORT RIBS 35 over gnocchi tossed with toasted walnuts, shiitake mushrooms, FRIED CALAMARI 13 and arugula in a light, gorgonzola cream sauce marinara sauce BERKSHIRE PORK CHOP 32 BOLOGNESE ARANCINI 11 one pound grilled, bone-in Berkshire pork chop glazed with fried risotto balls with bolognese stuffing apricot preserves, served over a smoked Gouda and bacon risotto cake with crispy fried Brussels sprouts WARM OCTOPUS SALAD 15 grilled octopus, wilted baby arugula, fingerling coins, grape tomatoes and capers over a smoked tomato coulis BERKSHIRE PORK OSSO BUCO 29 braised for hours until fall off the bone tender, CRISPY PORK MEATBALLS 11 served with sautéed mushrooms, sweet peas, and Parmesan polenta, agrodolce apricot glaze finished with a rich pork reduction sauce MUSSELS IN SMOKY TOMATO BROTH 13 PORCHETTA 29 Pork Belly is brined for 24 house and seasoned with tuscan berbs and
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Italian Literature Should Follow and Should Precede Other and Parallel Histories
    I. i III 2.3 CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY C U rar,y Ubrary PQ4038 G°2l"l 8t8a iterature 1lwBiiMiiiiiiiifiiliiii ! 3 1924 oim 030 978 245 Date Due M#£ (£i* The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030978245 Short Histories of the Literatures of the World: IV. Edited by Edmund Gosse Short Histories of the Literatures of the World Edited by EDMUND GOSSE Large Crown 8vOj cloth, 6s. each Volume ANCIENT GREEK LITERATURE By Prof. Gilbert Murray, M.A. FRENCH LITERATURE By Prof. Edward Dowden, D.C.L., LL.D. MODERN ENGLISH LITERATURE By the Editor ITALIAN LITERATURE By Richard Garnett, C.B., LL.D. SPANISH LITERATURE By J. Fitzmaurice-Kelly [Shortly JAPANESE LITERATURE By William George Aston, C.M.G. [Shortly MODERN SCANDINAVIAN LITERATURE By George Brandes SANSKRIT LITERATURE By Prof. A. A. Macdonell. HUNGARIAN LITERATURE By Dr. Zoltan Beothy AMERICAN LITERATURE By Professor Moses Coit Tyler GERMAN LITERATURE By Dr. C. H. Herford LATIN LITERATURE By Dr. A. W. Verrall Other volumes will follow LONDON: WILLIAM HEINEMANN \AU rights reserved] A .History of ITALIAN LITERATURE RICHARD GARNETT, C.B., LL.D. Xon&on WILLIAM HEINEMANN MDCCCXCVIII v y. 1 1- fc V- < V ml' 1 , x.?*a»/? Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson &* Co. At the Ballantyne Press *. # / ' ri PREFACE "I think," says Jowett, writing to John Addington Symonds (August 4, 1890), "that you are happy in having unlocked so much of Italian literature, certainly the greatest in the world after Greek, Latin, English.
    [Show full text]
  • Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age
    Differentia: Review of Italian Thought Number 6 Combined Issue 6-7 Spring/Autumn Article 7 1994 From Italophilia to Italophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age John Paul Russo Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/differentia Recommended Citation Russo, John Paul (1994) "From Italophilia to Italophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age," Differentia: Review of Italian Thought: Vol. 6 , Article 7. Available at: https://commons.library.stonybrook.edu/differentia/vol6/iss1/7 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Academic Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Differentia: Review of Italian Thought by an authorized editor of Academic Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. From ltalophilia to ltalophobia: Representations of Italian Americans in the Early Gilded Age John Paul Russo "Never before or since has American writing been so absorbed with the Italian as it is during the Gilded Age," writes Richard Brodhead. 1 The larger part of this American fascination expressed the desire for high culture and gentility, or what Brodhead calls the "aesthetic-touristic" attitude towards Italy; it resulted in a flood of travelogues, guidebooks, antiquarian stud­ ies, historical novels and poems, peaking at the turn of the centu­ ry and declining sharply after World War I. America's golden age of travel writing lasted from 1880 to 1914, and for many Americans the richest treasure of all was Italy. This essay, however, focuses upon Brodhead's other catego­ ry, the Italian immigrant as "alien-intruder": travel writing's gold­ en age corresponded exactly with the period of greatest Italian immigration to the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence from Lombardy and Veneto to Plan COVID-19 Recovery Strategy
    ISSN: 2455-5479 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/acmph MEDICAL GROUP Received: 09 May, 2020 Opinion Accepted: 30 May, 2020 Published: 01 Jun, 2020 *Corresponding author: Silvia Ussai, PharmD MD So close yet so distant: MIHMEP, Saluteglobale.it Associazione di Promozione Sociale, Brescia 25127, Italy, E-mail: evidence from Lombardy https://www.peertechz.com and Veneto to plan COVID-19 recovery strategy Silvia Ussai1*, Marzia Calvi1, Benedetta Armocida2, Beatrice Formenti1, Francesca Palestra1 and Eduardo Missoni1,3 1Saluteglobale.it Associazione di Promozione Sociale, Brescia 25127, Italy 2Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo” - Trieste, Italy 3Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Bocconi University, Milano, Italy To the editor L ombardy, the most prosperous Region in Italy, experienced the country’s highest burden from COVID-19. As Italy is approaching a new phase in the response to the COVID-19 epidemic, the analysis of policy choices and their T o date (25 April 2020), Lombardy reported 715 COVID-19 impact offer a useful learning opportunity. Lombardy and tested cases/ 100,000 population and 132/100,000 population Veneto, two neighbouring Regions with comparable socio- deaths, accounting for 37% and 50% respectively of total cases economic features, implemented different policies in response in Italy. to the epidemic, which resulted in divergent outcomes. Ve neto recorded 354/100,000 pop. SARS-CoV-2 positives, a These facts should be taken into account in developing the number 2-fold lower, and 26/100,000 pop. related deaths [4]. Italian recovery plan and may support the response in other A total of 4.692 COVID-19 cumulative daily cases per countries.
    [Show full text]
  • REFRONTOLO PASSITO Single Vineyard Grapes: Marzemino
    REFRONTOLO PASSITO Single vineyard Grapes: Marzemino The Refrontolo Passito was the favourite of Mozart, that called it "Excellent Marzemino", in his opera "Don Giovanni". In Refrontolo, a UNESCO Wold Heritage site, the production of the Marzemino Passito has a tradition that dates back to 1400. Perfect with chocolate and as a meditation wine. TECHNICAL SHEET NAME OF THE WINE: Refrontolo Passito Colli di Conegliano DOCG. GRAPES: 100 % Marzemino. HISTORICAL NOTES: in Refrontolo the production of this wine has a tradition that dates back to 1400. This wine was drunk by mothers after the birth of their sons, because of its recovering features. The Marzemino Passito from Refrontolo impressed also Mozart, who even mentioned it in his opera Don Giovanni in this way: "that excellent Marzemino". In fact he received this wine from Mr. Da Ponte from Vittorio Veneto (a town near Refrontolo), who was Mozart's copyist. PRODUCTION AREA: Colvendrame estate, which is on the hills between Conegliano and Valdobbiadene, a UNESCO Wold Heritage site. Colvendrame is the name of the hill where this vineyard is; the exposition to the sun and the climate are excellent for grape vine growing. ALTITUDE: 200-350 m. SOIL: with a good balance of all the components. It is rich in tufa which characterises the wine. CLIMATE: mild and windy, with wide changes of temperature between day and night, ideal for the preservation of the aroma and the acidity of the grapes. DENSITY OF THE PLANTATION AND TRAINING SYSTEM: 3.500-5.500 vines per hectare trained with spurred cordon. YEAR OF THE PLANTATION: 1987.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Immigrants and Italy: an Introduction to the Multi-Media Package on Italy
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 067 332 SO 004 339 AUTHOR Witzel, Anne TITLE Italian Immigrants and Italy: An Introduction to the Multi-Media Package on Italy. INSTITUTION Toronto Board of Education (Ontario). Research Dept. PUB DATE May 69 NOTE 16p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC -$ 3.29 DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; *Cultural Background; Elementary Education; *European History; Geography; History; *Immigrants; *Italian Literature; Resource Guides; Secondary Education IDENTIFIERS *Italy ABSTRACT The largest group of non-English speaking immigrants who come to Canada are Italians, the vast majority of whom are from Southern Italy. This paper furnishes information on their cultural background and lists multi-media resources to introduce teachers to Italian society so that educators may better understand their students. Immigrant children are faced with choosing between two conflicting life styles -- the values of Canadian society and family values and customs. When teachers are aware of the problem they can cushion the culture shock for students and guide them througha transitional period. The paper deals with history, geography, and climate, explaining and suggesting some ideas on why Southern Italy differs from Northern and Central Italy. Cultural differencescan be traced not only to the above factors, but also to ethnic roots and the "culture of poverty" -- attitudes of the poor which create a mentality that perpetuates living at a subsistence level. The low status of women as it affects society is discussed, since the family is seen as a society in microcosm. The last portion of the paper presents primary sources, annotated bibliographies, and audio-visual materials. A related document is SO 004 351.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient People of Italy Before the Rise of Rome, Italy Was a Patchwork
    The Ancient People of Italy Before the rise of Rome, Italy was a patchwork of different cultures. Eventually they were all subsumed into Roman culture, but the cultural uniformity of Roman Italy erased what had once been a vast array of different peoples, cultures, languages, and civilizations. All these cultures existed before the Roman conquest of the Italian Peninsula, and unfortunately we know little about any of them before they caught the attention of Greek and Roman historians. Aside from a few inscriptions, most of what we know about the native people of Italy comes from Greek and Roman sources. Still, this information, combined with archaeological and linguistic information, gives us some idea about the peoples that once populated the Italian Peninsula. Italy was not isolated from the outside world, and neighboring people had much impact on its population. There were several foreign invasions of Italy during the period leading up to the Roman conquest that had important effects on the people of Italy. First there was the invasion of Alexander I of Epirus in 334 BC, which was followed by that of Pyrrhus of Epirus in 280 BC. Hannibal of Carthage invaded Italy during the Second Punic War (218–203 BC) with the express purpose of convincing Rome’s allies to abandon her. After the war, Rome rearranged its relations with many of the native people of Italy, much influenced by which peoples had remained loyal and which had supported their Carthaginian enemies. The sides different peoples took in these wars had major impacts on their destinies. In 91 BC, many of the peoples of Italy rebelled against Rome in the Social War.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Kansas!Kansas! by the Kansas State Historical Society
    rki8_italian.qxp 4/22/08 2:51 PM Page 1 YOUR KANSAS STORIES OUR HISTORICAL I-8 HISTORY SOCIETY ReadRead Kansas!Kansas! By the Kansas State Historical Society Italians in Kansas: The Story of Pittsburg The history of southeast Kansas is connected to coal mining. In 1874 the first underground coal mine opened. Many immigrants, including Italians, came to Kansas to work in the mines. Italy is a country in Europe. Why did they leave Italy? Italy had too many people. It was too crowded. The wages were low and the taxes were high. Many Italians wanted better economic opportunities. Most of the Italians who came to the United States were from rural areas. They had limited education. They hoped to find work in the growing industries of America. Men immigrated more often than women. Some planned to come, earn money, and return to Italy. Others sent money home to pay for their families to join them in America. Why did they come to Kansas? Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County. Many coal mines surround the city. In 1878 miners in southeast Kansas went on strike. By refusing to work, they hoped to get the mine owners’ attention. They wanted better pay and better working conditions. The mine owners looked for other workers. Workers from northern Italy were recruited. New workers poured into Kansas to work in the mines. Within fifteen years, 1,200 Italians had moved into the areas around Pittsburg. In another 20 years, that number tripled. What did they find in Kansas? Coal mines attracted most Italians to Kansas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Army's Emergence from Its Italian Origins
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE ROMAN ARMY’S EMERGENCE FROM ITS ITALIAN ORIGINS Patrick Alan Kent A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2012 Approved by: Richard Talbert Nathan Rosenstein Daniel Gargola Fred Naiden Wayne Lee ABSTRACT PATRICK ALAN KENT: The Roman Army’s Emergence from its Italian Origins (Under the direction of Prof. Richard Talbert) Roman armies in the 4 th century and earlier resembled other Italian armies of the day. By using what limited sources are available concerning early Italian warfare, it is possible to reinterpret the history of the Republic through the changing relationship of the Romans and their Italian allies. An important aspect of early Italian warfare was military cooperation, facilitated by overlapping bonds of formal and informal relationships between communities and individuals. However, there was little in the way of organized allied contingents. Over the 3 rd century and culminating in the Second Punic War, the Romans organized their Italian allies into large conglomerate units that were placed under Roman officers. At the same time, the Romans generally took more direct control of the military resources of their allies as idea of military obligation developed. The integration and subordination of the Italians under increasing Roman domination fundamentally altered their relationships. In the 2 nd century the result was a growing feeling of discontent among the Italians with their position.
    [Show full text]
  • Sicily a Guided Walking Adventure
    ITALY Sicily A Guided Walking Adventure Table of Contents Daily Itinerary ........................................................................... 4 Tour Itinerary Overview .......................................................... 14 Tour Facts at a Glance ........................................................... 16 Traveling To and From Your Tour .......................................... 18 Information & Policies ............................................................ 21 Italy at a Glance ..................................................................... 22 Packing List ........................................................................... 27 800.464.9255 / countrywalkers.com 2 © 2016 Otago, LLC dba Country Walkers Travel Style This small-group Guided Walking Adventure offers an authentic travel experience, one that takes you away from the crowds and deep in to the fabric of local life. On it, you’ll enjoy 24/7 expert guides, premium accommodations, delicious meals, effortless transportation, and local wine or beer with dinner. Rest assured that every trip detail has been anticipated so you’re free to enjoy an adventure that exceeds your expectations. And, with our optional Flight + Tour Combo and Taormina PrePre----tourtour Extension to complement this destination, we take care of all the travel to simplify the journey. Refer to the attached itinerary for more details. Overview Sicily embraces you warmly, like a glass of its own sweet Moscato—its radiance due to a gloriously temperate climate, striking natural beauty,
    [Show full text]
  • Making Italy, Making Italians
    Emilio Gentile. La Grande Italia: The Rise and Fall of the Myth of the Nation in the Twentieth Century. Translated by Suzanne Dingee and Jennifer Pudney. George L. Mosse Series in Modern European Cultural and Intellectual History. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009. Illustrations. xiv + 408 pp. $29.95, paper, ISBN 978-0-299-22814-9. Reviewed by Joshua Arthurs Published on H-Nationalism (October, 2009) Commissioned by Paul Quigley (University of Edinburgh) Scholars of nationalism are fond of quoting nazione nel XX secolo) is a rigorous examination Massimo d'Azeglio's famous dictum--"We have of what the concepts of "nation" and "Italy" have made Italy, now we have to make Italians"--to il‐ meant across the tumultuous transformations of lustrate the constructed nature of national identi‐ the past century. As Gentile notes in the preface, ty. Similarly, the Risorgimento is often presented the Italian-language edition of this work was writ‐ as a prototypical example of nineteenth-century ten against the backdrop of the mid-1990s, a peri‐ state formation. With a few exceptions, however, od in which many Italian commentators were the study of Italian nationalism has remained rel‐ proclaiming la morte della patria ("the death of atively untouched by constructivist theories of the the fatherland"). At the end of the twentieth cen‐ nation, and tends to be approached either via the tury, few residents of the peninsula identified lens of political and social history or through in- with the nation, other than during the World Cup depth studies of such protagonists as Camillo di every four years.
    [Show full text]