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The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Middle Ages Brill’S Studies in Intellectual History

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The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Middle Ages Brill’S Studies in Intellectual History The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Middle Ages Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History General Editor A. J. Vanderjagt, University of Groningen Editorial Board C. S. Celenza, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore M. Colish, Oberlin College J. I. Israel, Princeton University J. D. North, University of Groningen W. Otten, Utrecht University VOLUME 147 The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Middle Ages Manuscripts and Transmission from the Sixth Century to the Juristic Revival by Charles M. Radding and Antonio Ciaralli LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 On the cover: Cologne, Historisches Archiv, W. 328, f. 31r. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 371.82968'0747'1– ISSN 0920–8607 ISBN-13: 978 90 04 15499 5 ISBN-10: 90 04 15499 X © Copyright 2007 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Armando Petrucci and in memory of Paola Supino Martini CONTENTS Abbreviations .............................................................................. ix List of Illustrations .................................................................... xi Preface ........................................................................................ xiii Chapter One Paleography and History ................................ 1 The Editors ............................................................................ 4 Savigny and Schrader ........................................................ 4 Mommsen and Krüger ...................................................... 10 The Historians ........................................................................ 17 Fitting and Conrat ............................................................ 17 Kantorowicz and After ...................................................... 25 Conclusion: From Paleography to History .......................... 31 Chapter Two The Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Early Middle Ages ............................................................................................ 35 Lombard Italy ........................................................................ 40 Carolingian Europe ................................................................ 47 Manuscripts ........................................................................ 48 Letters, Collections and Treatises .................................... 52 Conclusion .............................................................................. 64 Chapter Three The Period of Rediscovery .......................... 67 The Beginning of a Juristic Revival: 950–1050 .................. 68 Rome and the Beneventan Zone .................................... 69 Ravenna and Pavia ............................................................ 73 Antiqui and Moderni ........................................................ 80 1050–1080 .............................................................................. 84 Manuscripts ........................................................................ 85 Roman Law in Commentaries to the Liber Papiensis ...... 90 1080–1100 .............................................................................. 100 Chapter Four Justinian’s Institutes ........................................ 111 Turin ms. D.III.13 and Its Glosses ...................................... 112 Cologne ms. W 328: Roman Law as a Field of Study .... 118 viii contents Chapter Five Justinian’s Code ................................................ 133 Discovery and Historiography of the Epitome Codicis .......... 135 The Origins of the Epitome Codicis ........................................ 138 The Manuscripts of the Epitome Codicis ................................ 143 Justinian’s Code in the Eleventh Century: Pistoia ms. C 106 ...................................................................... 143 Justinian’s Code in the Eleventh Century: Paris ms. 4516 .......................................................................... 148 Justinian’s Code in the Eleventh Century: Darmstadt ms. 2000 .......................................................................... 150 Other Manuscripts of the Epitome .................................... 152 Nine Books or Twelve? ........................................................ 154 From the Epitome to the Restored Code .............................. 155 Berlin, Staatsbib. ms. lat. fol. 273 .................................... 158 Berlin, Staatsbib. ms. lat. fol. 272 .................................... 162 Montpellier, Bibliothèque Universitaire, Section de Médecine, H 82 ............................................................ 163 Other Early Manuscripts .................................................. 165 Conclusion .............................................................................. 166 Chapter Six Justinian’s Digest ................................................ 169 The Manuscripts, Mommsen, and His Edition .................. 171 The Digest and Legal Learning in the Eleventh Century 178 Creating the Vulgate Archetype .......................................... 185 Conjectural Emendations .................................................. 185 The Authentic Emendations and Their Origin .............. 192 The Digestum Vetus .................................................................. 195 Vaticanus Latinus 1406 .................................................... 195 Paris ms. 4450 .................................................................... 205 The Infortiatum and the Digestum Novum ................................ 207 Conclusion .............................................................................. 208 Conclusion .................................................................................. 211 Appendix .................................................................................... 215 Bibliography ................................................................................ 223 Primary Sources .................................................................... 223 Secondary Sources .................................................................. 224 Plates .......................................................................................... 235 General Index ............................................................................ 271 Index of Manuscripts Cited ...................................................... 275 ABBREVIATIONS BIDR Bulletino dell’Istituto di Diritto Romano MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica Capit. Capitularia regum Francorum Dipl. Diplomata Leges Leges PL Patrologia cursus completa, series Latina, ed. J. P. Migne ZRG Zeitschrift für Rechtsgeschichte ZSS Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte GA Germanistische Abteilung KA Kanonistische Abteilung RA Romanistische Abteilung LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Tables 1. Manuscripts of the Institutiones (Krüger) ............................ 14 2. Nineteenth-century ms. datings (Schrader/Mommsen/ Krüger) .................................................................................. 22 3. Corrected datings of manuscripts known in the nineteenth century .............................................................. 22 4. Manuscripts and fragments of the Corpus Iuris Civilis listed in the Codices Latini Antiquiores .................................. 37 5. Corpus Iuris Civilis manuscripts of the eleventh century .... 86 6. Citations of the Corpus Iuris Civilis in the Walcausina ........ 92 7. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek ms. fol. lat. 273 ............................ 158 8. The Digest in the Expositio to the Liber Papiensis .............. 181 9. The Digest in the Cologne glosses to Justinian’s Institutes ................................................................................ 182 10. The structure of Vaticanus latinus 1406 by fascicles and book .............................................................................. 200 Plates 1. Bamberg, Staatsbibliothek, Ms. Jur. 1, f. 6r. 2. Turin, Biblioteca Nazionale Universitaria, D.III.13, f. 30v. 3. Florence, Biblioteca Laurenziana, s.n., f. 327v. 4. Pistoia, Archivio Capitolare, C 106, f. 1r. 5. Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin—Preußischer Kulturbesitz, ms. fol. 269, f. 183v. 6. Verona, Biblioteca Civica, Institutes fragment. 7. Perugia, Biblioteca Capitolare, ms. 32, f. 44r. 8. Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, O. 55 sup., f. 3r. 9. Vercelli, Biblioteca Capitolare, ms. 32, f. 44r. 10. Montecassino, Biblioteca del Monumento Nazionale, Compactiones XI, Iuridica no. 1. 11. Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, Carte vallicelliane, XII, 3. 12. Pistoia, Biblioteca Capitolare, C. 106, f. 37r. 13. Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, cod. 471, f. 84r. xii list of illustrations 14. Milan, Archivio di Stato, Diplomatico, 654/35, S. Maria Mater Dominici, 1070 Oct. 28. 15. Cologne, Historisches Archiv, W. 328, f. 31r. 16. London, British Library, ms.
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