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City of Lethbridge Ecological Inventory and Environmental Land Use Best Practices Policy Report

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City of Lethbridge Ecological Inventory and Environmental Land Use Best Practices Policy Report ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 CITY OF LETHBRIDGE ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT Prepared by: O2 Planning + Design Inc. (O2) Finalized October 6, 2016 Prepared for: City of Lethbridge i ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 CONTENTS CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................................................II LIST OF FIGURES............................................................................................................................... IV LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ IV 1. OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES .......................................................................... 1 1.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 STUDY AREA DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 1 2. IDENTIFICATION OF ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY FEATURES....................................................... 5 2.1 ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY FEATURES ...................................................................................... 5 2.2 WATERSHEDS AND AQUATIC RESOURCES ............................................................................. 5 2.3 LAND COVER AND LANDFORMS ............................................................................................. 11 2.4 WILDLIFE CONNECTIVITY ........................................................................................................ 15 2.5 CRITICAL HABITAT FOR SPECIES OF CONCERN ................................................................... 16 3. IDENTIFICATION OF PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL AREAS (PEA) ..................................................... 22 3.1 GIS-BASED SITE IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................... 22 3.2 FIELD-BASED SITE OBSERVATIONS ........................................................................................ 26 3.3 PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL AREAS – STEEP SLOPES, TOPLANDS, AND RIPARIAN AREAS ...... 26 3.4 PRIORITY ECOLOGICAL AREAS – ISOLATED WETLANDS AND WETLAND COMPLEXES ...... 76 4. REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES AND RECOMMENDED BEST PRACTICES IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS ................................................................................................................................ 85 4.1 FEDERAL POLICIES .................................................................................................................. 85 ii ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 4.2 PROVINCIAL POLICIES ............................................................................................................. 85 4.3 REGIONAL AND MUNICIPAL BEST PRACTICES ...................................................................... 86 5. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES FOR THE CITY OF LETHBRIDGE ..................................................................................................................................... 92 APPENDIX A: DATA TABLES ............................................................................................................. 96 APPENDIX B: GIS METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................ 103 5.2 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM) PROCESSING ................................................................ 103 5.3 LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................. 103 5.4 WATERSHED DELINEATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................. 107 5.5 IDENTIFICATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF WATERBODIES ................................................ 110 APPENDIX C: FIELD WAYPOINT LOCATIONS ................................................................................ 116 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................. 121 iii ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. City of Lethbridge and Surroundings……………….. ......................................................... 2 Figure 2. Depiction of the catchment naturalization methodology. ................................................... 6 Figure 3. Primary Class of the Land Cover layer………….. ............................................................. 8 Figure 4. Watershed Natural Land Cover Percentage…………………………………………….…….9 Figure 5. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Riparian Floodplain. ............................................ 10 Figure 6. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Tree Canopy Cover. ............................................ 13 Figure 7. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Contiguous Natural Patch Size. .......................... 14 Figure 8. Ecologcal Inventory Natural Feature: Steep Slopes ....................................................... 17 Figure 9. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Important Connectivity Areas. ............................. 18 Figure 10. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Species of Concern. .......................................... 20 Figure 11. Ecological Inventory Natural Feature: Cottonwood Habitat........................................... 21 Figure 12. Weighted Multicriteria Environmental Significance Analysis Results ............................ 25 Figure 13. Priority Ecological Areas of the City of Lethbridge. ....................................................... 27 Figure 14. Priority Ecological Area: Site 1 Pavan Park………………… ......................................... 29 Figure 15. Priority Ecological Area: Site 2 Alexander Wilderness Park Toplands and Slopes. ...... 33 Figure 16. Priority Ecological Area: Site 3 Alexander Wilderness Park Riparian Area. .................. 35 Figure 17. Priority Ecological Area: Site 4 Northwest Slopes. ........................................................ 38 Figure 18. Priority Ecological Area: Site 5 Northwest Riparian Area. ............................................. 41 Figure 19. Priority Ecological Area: Site 6 Bridgeview RV Resort Riparian Area. .......................... 43 Figure 20. Priority Ecological Area: Site 7 Elizabeth Hall Wetlands. .............................................. 46 Figure 21. Priority Ecological Area: Site 8 Helen Schuler and Indian Battle Park Riparian Area. .. 48 Figure 22. Priority Ecological Area: Site 9 Bull Trail Park North and South Riparian Area. ............ 53 Figure 23. Priority Ecological Area: Site 10 University Slopes. ...................................................... 55 Figure 24. Priority Ecological Area: Site 11 East Slopes Riparian Islands and Areas. ................... 60 Figure 25. Priority Ecological Area: Site 12 Six Mile Coulee. ......................................................... 62 Figure 26. Priority Ecological Area: Site 13 Six Mile Coulee Eastern Handle. ............................... 65 Figure 27. Priority Ecological Area: Site 14 Popson Park Slopes. ................................................. 68 Figure 28. Priority Ecolgoical Area: Site 15 Cottonwood Park Slopes. .......................................... 70 Figure 29. Priority Ecological Area: Site 16 Cottonwood Park Riparian Area. ............................... 73 Figure 30. Priority Ecological Area: Site 17 Cottonwood Island. .................................................... 75 Figure 31. Priority Ecological Areas: Significant Wetlands. ............................................................ 77 iv ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 Figure 32. An example of stream order classification based on the modified Horton (1945) method by Strahler (1957). Citation: Endreny 2003. .......................................................................... 108 Figure 33. An example of stream order classification based on the modified Horton (1945) method by Strahler (1957). Citation: ESRI 2016 ................................................................................ 109 Figure 34. Thresholding the inverted normalized digital surface model to a value that omits low lying vegetation, undergrowth, and building roofs as much as possible (Rahman and Gorte 2008)..................................................................................................................................... 112 Figure 35. Wetland Permanency Decision Tree 115 v ECOLOGICAL INVENTORY AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAND USE BEST PRACTICES POLICY REPORT 2016-10-06 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Natural Patch Size Classification .......................................................... 12 Table 2. PEA Criteria and Associated Landscape Values ................................... 22 Table 3. Summary Attributes of Priority Ecological Areas .................................. 23 Table 4. Ecological Ranking Criteria and Scoring ............................................... 96 Table 5. Land Cover Classes and Description .................................................... 97 Table 6. Land Cover Classes and Friction Values ............................................
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