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Composting Toilet Guidelines and Other Initiatives

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Composting Toilet Guidelines and Other Initiatives MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Composting Toilet Guidelines and other Initiatives Rupert Benzon Ministry of Health Health Protection Branch Composting Toilet Initiative • Concerns raised by stakeholders that option needed for ‘low flow’ systems • Approval to move forward with composting initiative granted by Ministry of Health in late 2014 • Composting Toilets to be an option for onsite (filing with Health Authority) 1 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Outcomes of Composting Toilet and greywater system Guidelines • Enhanced understanding of composting toilets as an onsite alternative • Designs and installations suitable to site specific conditions • System designs which protect public health and the environment • Developments based on reduced water consumption footprint • ‘Outcome‐based’ – criteria for compost material and grey water quality. • Support of composting toilet applications through health authority filing process Other Initiatives • Review of Maintenance Bylaws as Tools for Onsite Management – Review what is being done across Canada – Develop principles or common elements – Goal to promote local government’s authority and potential role in maintenance • ‘Ground Water at Risk of Pathogens’ document – Provides a framework for determining risk to drinking water supplies and disinfection requirements – Document and consultation process available at: www.health.gov.bc.ca/protect/dwconsult.html 2 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Recap of Accomplishments • Version 3 Standard Practice Manual • Training on SPM V3 Thank you! Rupert Benzon Land Use Manager [email protected] (250) 952‐2128 Michele Gee Drinking Water/Wastewater Engineer [email protected] (250) 952‐1476 Mike Zemanek Director –Healthy Community Environments [email protected] (250) 952‐2372 3 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Composting toilet and greywater practice WCOWMA Workshop 2015 Introductions Ian Ralston ROWP Eng.L Ed Hoeppner ROWP 4 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Context and draft process Manual of Composting Toilet and Greywater Practice (MCTGP) Early draft ASTTBC for Ministry of Health Ian Ralston, TRAX Timeline Consultation 9 Technical group Gord and Ann Baird Geoff Hill Ed Hoeppner Michael Payne Mike Seymour 10 5 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Purpose of the Manual Standards and guidelines Filing approach For: Non water borne waste management Greywater systems Seasonal diversion systems Source separation systems 11 Manual approach Based on SPM, does not repeat SPM Split to standards and guidelines Separate rationale Performance objectives Appendices 12 6 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Basis for standards Same approach as SPM Outcome (performance objectives) Rationale Where practical, builds on SPM standards Allow opportunity for innovation 13 Filing under the SSR Composting toilet systems On site burial of composting toilet residual organic matter Greywater systems Seasonal diversion systems for greywater sub surface irrigation 14 7 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Under the OMRR Land application Possibly with simplified process 15 BC Building Code WC required by BCBC for Part 9 bldgs. Composting toilet as equivalent Generic wording for alternative solution Manual and rationale as support Approval rests with AHJ (local authority) 16 8 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 MCTGP SOURCE SEPARATED WASTE SYSTEMS Typical sanitary drainage and sewerage systems Water closets for human waste Plumbing fixtures Combined sanitary drainage system To onsite sewerage system No intentional recycling of resources 18 9 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Ecosan 19 Source separation Water closets for human waste Blackwater Plumbing fixtures Greywater Separate sanitary drainage system To onsite separate sewerage systems Intentional recycling of some resources 20 10 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Composting toilets Composting toilets for human wastes Plumbing fixtures Greywater Greywater onsite sewerage system 21 Composting toilet option Non water borne system: Collection Conveyance Treatment (composting) Discharge 22 11 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Other separation options for human waste Water borne sanitary drainage with: Separation of feces and TP by filter Or by centrifugal action (Aquatron) Ultra low flush toilets Vacuum toilets and collection 23 Source separation options Urine Brownwater Types of greywater: Very Light Greywater Laundry Greywater Light Greywater Dark Greywater Seasonal greywater diversion 24 12 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 MCTGP PURPOSES Why use a composting toilet? Constraints for conventional system Water conservation Reduced volume for solid waste removal Recycling of organic matter and nutrients Life style choice 26 13 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Why use a greywater system? Smaller sewerage system Irrigation to use water and nutrients Water conservation in summer Flexible seasonal options Life style choice 27 Why use source separation? Treatment and discharge designed for specific waste or wastewater type Reuse of nutrients from urine Reuse of water for irrigation 28 14 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 MCTGP COMPOSTING TOILETS Primary purposes Safely collect and contain human waste Manage odors and prevent vector or human access during storage Manage leachate and safely discharge leachate or diverted Provide for safe and practical management of residual organic matter. 30 15 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Secondary objectives (e.g.) Volume or mass reduction Stabilization for transport Stabilization and sanitizing for: On site burial On site land application 31 A composting toilet system Toilet pedestal Collection and conveyance system Composting processor 32 16 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Pedestal and inputs 33 Collection or conveyance Direct to processor To bucket or bin To dedicated bin processor Ultra low flush, or foam toilets Water borne with filtration or Aquatron Diversion of urine (improves process) 34 17 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Aquatron separator 35 Compost filter 36 18 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Types of composting processor Batch Continuous 37 Composting 38 19 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Batch bins Milkwood 39 Batch bins Milkwood 40 20 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Aquatron batch carousel 41 Inclined floor continuous processor Clivus Multrum 42 21 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Foam flush toilet Water and soap 0.18 L water per flush No water trap (vent fan used) 43 Continuous mouldering decomposition process Clivus Multrum44 22 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 The composting process Aerobic Moist Warm May use worms or BSF larvae Often with additives E.g. bulking agents 45 Stabilization and sanitizing Stability Maturity Pathogen removal 46 23 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Stages (typical batch) Collection and addition Mesophilic phase Thermophilic phase Mesophilic cooling phase Curing phase 47 Stages of composting 48 24 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Other potential phases Pre-treatment Microaerobic fermentation Pasteurization Drying toilet collection Continuous mouldering process May be followed by batch process Incineration 49 Residual organic matter Off site discharge On site discharge Burial Land application 50 25 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 On site discharge Process standards Documentation of process Testing of residual organic matter Burial standards (under SSR) Land application, professional, OMRR 51 52 26 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Batch sanitizing step Process standards Documentation of process Testing of residual organic matter Burial standards (under SSR) Land application, professional, OMRR 53 54 27 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Batch curing or sanitizing steps 55 Outcome based standards With documentation and testing 56 28 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 MCTGP ON SITE BURIAL OF RESIDUAL ORGANIC MATTER Process standards Incineration Curing Stabilizes Long term curing = sanitizing Specific sanitizing steps Still required stability (curing) May reduce required curing time 58 29 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Batch sanitizing steps Thermophilic step Pasteurization pH adjustment Urea addition 59 Process monitoring Documented monitoring Review by AP 60 30 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Material testing Stability and maturity testing Quality standards By AP or under AP supervision 61 Burial, follows SPM standards Site and soil evaluation Vertical Separation and other standards per gravity standards Cover standard and no disturbance Loading rates Based on SPM Adjusted by factor 62 31 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 MCTGP GREYWATER SYSTEMS Source separated wastewater Urine Composting toilet leachate Blackwater and brownwater Water separated from blackwater Greywater 64 32 MCTGP Draft Workshop, WCOWMA conference 2015 Urine Low pathogen content Most of the nitrogen High phosphorous A person’s urine will fertilize approx. 80% of crop intake 65 Composting toilet leachate High strength (BOD close to sewage) Pathogens similar to septic tank effluent High NH3 and salts Low volumes Some composting
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