Waste to Energy
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Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies
Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies A Resource for Hospital Administrators, Facility Managers, Health Care Professionals, Environmental Advocates, and Community Members August 2001 Health Care Without Harm 1755 S Street, N.W. Unit 6B Washington, DC 20009 Phone: 202.234.0091 www.noharm.org Health Care Without Harm 1755 S Street, N.W. Suite 6B Washington, DC 20009 Phone: 202.234.0091 www.noharm.org Printed with soy-based inks on Rolland Evolution, a 100% processed chlorine-free paper. Non-Incineration Medical Waste Treatment Technologies A Resource for Hospital Administrators, Facility Managers, Health Care Professionals, Environmental Advocates, and Community Members August 2001 Health Care Without Harm www.noharm.org Preface THE FOUR LAWS OF ECOLOGY . Meanwhile, many hospital staff, such as Hollie Shaner, RN of Fletcher-Allen Health Care in Burlington, Ver- 1. Everything is connected to everything else, mont, were appalled by the sheer volumes of waste and 2. Everything must go somewhere, the lack of reduction and recycling efforts. These indi- viduals became champions within their facilities or 3. Nature knows best, systems to change the way that waste was being managed. 4. There is no such thing as a free lunch. Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle, 1971 In the spring of 1996, more than 600 people – most of them community activists – gathered in Baton Rouge, Up to now, there has been no single resource that pro- Louisiana to attend the Third Citizens Conference on vided a good frame of reference, objectively portrayed, of Dioxin and Other Hormone-Disrupting Chemicals. The non-incineration technologies for the treatment of health largest workshop at the conference was by far the one care wastes. -
Hazardous Waste Minimization Guide
Waste Minimization Guide Environmental Health & Safety 4202 E. Fowler Ave. OPM 100 Tampa, FL 33620 (813) 974-4036 h ttp://www.usf.edu/ehs/ June 1, 2020 Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 2 Methods for Waste Minimization ............................................................................................................. 2 Source Reduction .................................................................................................................................. 2 Environmentally Sound Recycling (ESR) .................................................................................................... 4 Treatment ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Managing Waste Efficiently ...................................................................................................................... 4 Flammable Liquids and Solids ............................................................................................................... 5 Halogenated Solvents ........................................................................................................................... 5 Solvent Contaminated Towels and Rags ............................................................................................... 6 Paint related Wastes ............................................................................................................................ -
Medical Waste Treatment Technologies
Medical Waste Treatment Technologies Ruth Stringer International Science and Policy Coordinator Health Care Without Harm Dhaka January 2011 Who is Health Care Without Harm? An International network focussing on two fundamental rights: • Right to healthcare • Right to a healthy environment Health Care Without Harm • Issues • Offices in – Medical waste –USA –Mercury – Europe – PVC – Latin America – Climate and health – South East Asia – Food • Key partners in – Green buildings –South Africa – Pharmaceuticals – India –Nurses – Tanzania – Safer materials –Mexico • Members in 53 countries Global mercury phase-out • HCWH and WHO partnering to eliminate mercury from healthcare • Part of UN Environment Programme's Mercury Products Partnership. • www.mercuryfreehealthcare.org • HCWH and WHO are principal cooperating agencies • 8-country project to reduce impacts from medical waste – esp dioxins and mercury • Model hospitals in Argentina, India, Latvia, Lebanon, the Philippines, Senegal and Vietnam • Technology development in Tanzania Incineration No longer a preferred treatment technology in many places Meeting modern emission standards costs millions of dollars Ash must be treated as hazardous waste Small incinerators are highly polluting Maintenance costs can be high, breakdowns common Decline in Medical Waste Incinerators in the U.S. 8,000 6,200 6,000 5,000 4,000 2,400 2,000 Incinerators 115 83 57 #of Medical Waste Waste Medical #of 0 1988 1994 1997 2003 2006 2008 Year SOURCES: 1988: “Hospital Waste Combustion Study-Data Gathering Phase,” USEPA, December 1998; 1994: “Medical Waste Incinerators-Background Information for Proposed Standards and Guidelines: Industry Profile Report for New and Existing Facilities,” USEPA, July 1994; 1997: 40 CFR 60 in the Federal Register, Vol. -
Waste Technologies: Waste to Energy Facilities
WASTE TECHNOLOGIES: WASTE TO ENERGY FACILITIES A Report for the Strategic Waste Infrastructure Planning (SWIP) Working Group Complied by WSP Environmental Ltd for the Government of Western Australia, Department of Environment and Conservation May 2013 Quality Management Issue/revision Issue 1 Revision 1 Revision 2 Revision 3 Remarks Date May 2013 Prepared by Kevin Whiting, Steven Wood and Mick Fanning Signature Checked by Matthew Venn Signature Authorised by Kevin Whiting Signature Project number 00038022 Report number File reference Project number: 00038022 Dated: May 2013 2 Revised: Waste Technologies: Waste to Energy Facilities A Report for the Strategic Waste Infrastructure Planning (SWIP) Working Group, commissioned by the Government of Western Australia, Department of Environment and Conservation. May 2013 Client Waste Management Branch Department of Environment and Conservation Level 4 The Atrium, 168 St George’s Terrace, PERTH, WA 6000 Locked Bag 104 Bentley DC WA 6983 Consultants Kevin Whiting Head of Energy-from-Waste & Biomass Tel: +44 207 7314 4647 [email protected] Mick Fanning Associate Consultant Tel: +44 207 7314 5883 [email protected] Steven Wood Principal Consultant Tel: +44 121 3524768 [email protected] Registered Address WSP Environmental Limited 01152332 WSP House, 70 Chancery Lane, London, WC2A 1AF 3 Table of Contents 1 Introduction .................................................................................. 6 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................ -
Five Principles of Waste Product Redesign Under the Upcycling Concept
International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2015) Five Principles of Waste Product Redesign under the Upcycling Concept Jiang XU1 & Ping GU1 1School of Design, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China KEYWORD: Upcycling; Redesign principle; Green design; Industrial design; Product design ABSTRACT: It explores and constructs the principles of waste product redesign which are based on the concept of upcycling. It clarifies the basic concept of upcycling, briefly describes its current development, deeply discusses its value and significance, combines with the idea of upcycling which behinds regeneration design principle from the concept of “4R” of green design, and takes real-life case as example to analyze the principles of waste product redesign. It puts forward five principles of waste product redesign: value enhancement, make the most use of waste, durable and environmental protection, cost control and populace's aesthetic. INTRODUCTION Recently, environmental problems was becoming worse and worse, while as a developing country, China is facing dual pressures that economical development and environmental protection. However, large numbers of goods become waste every day all over the world, but the traditional recycling ways, such as melting down and restructuring, not only produce much CO2, but also those restruc- tured parts or products cannot mention in the same breath with raw ones. As a result, the western countries started to center their attention to the concept of “upcycling” of green design, which can transfer the old and waste things into more valuable products to vigorously develop the green econ- omy. Nevertheless, this new concept hasn’t been well known and the old notion of traditionally inef- ficient reuse still predominant in China, so it should be beneficial for our social development to con- struct the principles of waste products’ redesign which are based on the concept of upcycling. -
Redesign. Rethink. Reduce. Reuse. Go Beyond Recycling
REDESIGN. RETHINK. REDUCE. REUSE. GO BEYOND RECYCLING. WHAT IS ZERO WASTE? the entire lifecycle of products used within a facility. With TRUE, your facility can demonstrate to the world what you’re doing to minimize Zero waste is a philosophy that encourages the redesign of resource your waste output. life cycles so that all products are reused; a process that is very similar to the way that resources are reused in nature. Although recycling is HOW DOES CERTIFICATION WORK? the first step in the journey, achieving zero waste goes far beyond. By focusing on the larger picture, facilities and organizations can reap The TRUE Zero Waste certification program is an Assessor-based financial benefits while becoming more resource efficient. program that rates how well facilities perform in minimizing their non-hazardous, solid wastes and maximizing their efficient in the use According to the EPA, the average American generates 4.4 pounds of of resources. A TRUE project’s goal is to divert 90 percent or greater trash each day, and according to the World Bank, global solid waste overall diversion from the landfill, incineration (waste-to-energy) and generation is on pace to increase 70 percent by 2025. For every can of the environment for solid, non-hazardous wastes for the most recent garbage at the curb, for instance, there are 87 cans worth of materials 12 months. that come from extraction industries that manufacture natural resources into finished products—like timber, agricultural, mining and Certification is available for any physical facility and their operations, petroleum. This means that while recycling is important, it doesn’t including facilities owned by: companies, property managers, address the real problem. -
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (The 3Rs) and Resource Efficiency As the Basis for Sustainable Waste Management
CSD-19 Learning Centre “Synergizing Resource Efficiency with Informal Sector towards Sustainable Waste Management” 9 May 2011, New York Co-organized by: UNCRD and UN HABITAT Reduce, Reuse and Recycle (the 3Rs) and Resource Efficiency as the basis for Sustainable Waste Management C. R. C. Mohanty UNCRD 3Rs offer an environmentally friendly alternatives to deal with growing generation of wastes and its related impact on human health, eco nomy and natural ecosystem Natural Resources First : Reduction Input Reduce waste, by-products, etc. Production (Manufacturing, Distribution, etc.) Second : Reuse Third : Material Recycling Use items repeatedly. Recycle items which cannot be reused as raw materials. Consumption Fourth : Thermal Recycling Recover heat from items which have no alternatives but incineration and which cannot Discarding be recycled materially. Treatment (Recycling, Incineration, etc.) Fifth : Proper Disposal Dispose of items which cannot be used by any means. (Source: Adapted from MoE-Japan) Landfill disposal Stages in Product Life Cycle • Extraction of natural resources • Processing of resources • Design of products and selection of inputs • Production of goods and services • Distribution • Consumption • Reuse of wastes from production or consumption • Recycling of wastes from consumption or production • Disposal of residual wastes Source: ADB, IGES, 2008 Resource efficiency refers to amount of resource (materials, energy, and water) consumed in producing a unit of product or services. It involves using smaller amount of physical -
Workplace Recycling
SETTING UP Workplace Recycling 1 Form a Enlist a group of employees interested in recycling and waste prevention to set up and monitor collection systems Recycling Team to ensure ongoing success. This is a great team-building exercise and can positively impact employee morale as well as the environment. 2 Determine Customize your recycling program based on your business. Consider performing a waste audit or take inventory of materials the kinds of materials in your trash & recycling. to recycle Commonly recycled business items: Single-Stream Recycling • Aluminum & tin cans; plastic & glass bottles • Office paper, newspaper, cardboard • Magazines, catalogs, file folders, shredded paper 3 Contact Find out if recycling services are already in place. If not, ask the facility or property manager to set them up. Point your facility out that in today’s environment, employees expect to recycle at work and that recycling can potentially reduce costs. If recycling is currently provided, check with the manager to make sure good recycling education materials or property are available to all employees. This will help employees to recycle right, improve the quality of recyclable materials, manager and increase recycling participation. 4 Coordinate Work station recycling containers – Provide durable work station recycling containers or re-use existing training containers like copy paper boxes. Make recycling available at each work station. with the Click: Get-Started-Recycling-w_glass or Get-Started-Recycling-without-glass to print recycling container labels. Label your trash containers as well: Get-Started-Trash-with-food waste or janitorial crew Get-Started-Trash -no-food waste. and/or staff Central area containers – Evaluate the type and size of containers for common areas like conference rooms, hallways, reception areas, and cafes, based on volume, location, and usage. -
Sector N: Scrap and Waste Recycling
Industrial Stormwater Fact Sheet Series Sector N: Scrap Recycling and Waste Recycling Facilities U.S. EPA Office of Water EPA-833-F-06-029 February 2021 What is the NPDES stormwater program for industrial activity? Activities, such as material handling and storage, equipment maintenance and cleaning, industrial processing or other operations that occur at industrial facilities are often exposed to stormwater. The runoff from these areas may discharge pollutants directly into nearby waterbodies or indirectly via storm sewer systems, thereby degrading water quality. In 1990, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed permitting regulations under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) to control stormwater discharges associated with eleven categories of industrial activity. As a result, NPDES permitting authorities, which may be either EPA or a state environmental agency, issue stormwater permits to control runoff from these industrial facilities. What types of industrial facilities are required to obtain permit coverage? This fact sheet specifically discusses stormwater discharges various industries including scrap recycling and waste recycling facilities as defined by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) Major Group Code 50 (5093). Facilities and products in this group fall under the following categories, all of which require coverage under an industrial stormwater permit: ◆ Scrap and waste recycling facilities (non-source separated, non-liquid recyclable materials) engaged in processing, reclaiming, and wholesale distribution of scrap and waste materials such as ferrous and nonferrous metals, paper, plastic, cardboard, glass, and animal hides. ◆ Waste recycling facilities (liquid recyclable materials) engaged in reclaiming and recycling liquid wastes such as used oil, antifreeze, mineral spirits, and industrial solvents. -
HP Closed-Loop Recycling Advancing a Circular Economy
• Brief HP closed-loop recycling Advancing a circular economy When you choose Original HP Cartridges and recycle through HP Planet Partners1, you’re taking part in a closed loop—where materials are added and reused to make new products, and no cartridges end up in a landfill. Circular economy vs. Linear economy Purchase and use 1 Original HP Ink or Toner New Original HP Cartridges 6 Return used Non-HP are ready to be 1 cartridges shipped 2 cartridges for free hp.com/hprecycle Poor-quality, 2 costly reprints2 HP uses recycled Cartridges 5 plastics3 in new 3 are sorted, cartridges to disassembled, close the loop or shredded Nearly 90% of 3 cartridges end up in landfills4 Other post-consumer 4 plastics are added to ink cartridges Redefining impact and changing lives HP uses recycled plastic bottles collected in Haiti and from other sources in the manufacturing of Original HP Ink Cartridges. This effort helps to create sustainable jobs, brings opportunity to the people in Haiti, and helps prevent plastics from reaching the Caribbean Sea. For more information on HP closed-loop recycling and our efforts in Haiti, see hp.com/go/Rosette. Together, we’re recycling for a better world The results speak for themselves. Here’s the difference HP made in 2018 by using recycled plastic in ink cartridges instead of new plastic: 60% reduction 39% less 30% average in fossil fuel water used5 carbon footprint consumption5 Enough to supply reduction5 Conserved more than 7.9 million Americans Like taking 533 cars off 7 6 for one day 8 705 barrels of oil the road for one year Bringing used products back to life With your help, we’re closing the loop. -
Designing out Waste: a Design Team Guide for Buildings
Uniclass A42: N462 CI/SfB (Ajp) (T6) Designing out Waste: A design team guide for buildings LESS WASTE, SHARPER DESIGN Halving Waste to Landfill “ Clients are making construction waste reduction a priority and design teams must respond. This stimulating guide to designing out construction waste clearly illustrates how design decisions can make a significant and positive difference, not only through reducing environmental impact but also making the most of resources. It’s a promising new opportunity for design teams, which I urge them to take up.” Sunand Prasad, RIBA President 1.0 Introduction 6 Contents 2.0 The case for action 8 2.1 Materials resource efficiency 10 2.2 Drivers for reducing waste 13 3.0 The five principles of Designing out Waste 14 3.1 Design for Reuse and Recovery 18 3.2 Design for Off Site Construction 20 3.3 Design for Materials Optimisation 23 3.4 Design for Waste Efficient Procurement 24 3.5 Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility 27 4.0 Project application of the five Designing out Waste principles 28 4.1 Client brief and designers’ appointments 31 4.2 RIBA Stage A/B: Appraisal and strategic brief 32 4.3 RIBA Stage C: Outline proposal 34 4.4 RIBA Stage D: Detailed proposals 38 4.5 RIBA Stage E: Technical design 40 5.0 Design review process 42 6.0 Suggested waste reduction initiatives 46 6.1 Design for Reuse and Recovery 48 6.2 Design for Off Site Construction 50 6.3 Design for Materials Optimisation 51 6.4 Design for Waste Efficient Procurement 52 6.5 Design for Deconstruction and Flexibility 53 Appendix A - The Construction Commitments: Halving Waste to Landfill 56 Appendix B - Drivers for reducing waste 57 Written by: Davis Langdon LLP ◀ Return to Contents This document provides information on the key principles that designers can use during the design process and how these Section 2.0 principles can be applied to projects to maximise opportunities Case for action – Presents to the construction industry the to Design out Waste. -
Reduce Reuse Recycle Compost
Loyola is committed to waste reduction as part of our sustainability efforts. For more information on how you can help reduce waste on campus, please review this summary of available programs. Reduce • Eliminate Disposables – Get out of the habit of single-use-items. With a set of reusable products (cutlery, mug, water bottle, bag), you can cut down on plastics and save money. • Sustainable Purchasing - Take time to implement thoughtful purchasing practices to conserve resources and save the university money. o Life-Cycle Considerations – Before you bring something to campus, think about the full impact of its use. How much energy or water will it consume? Is there a way to recycle it when it’s not needed? o Third-Party Certified – Considering purchasing equipment or materials that meet reputable certifications. o Change Your Use – Always print double-sided. Avoid purchasing what you don’t need. Eliminate packaging materials where you can. • Green Move-In – Consider what you bring to campus. Don’t bring ‘one-off’ or delicate items that become someone’s problem to dispose of. For more information on Sustainable Purchasing use the ‘Guide to Green Purchasing at Loyola’ or talk to Loyola’s Purchasing Department. Reuse • In Your Department – Many times we have materials that others can use. Set up a re-use center to share office supplies, conference left-overs, or other common materials. • Think Green and Give – At the end of each school year, Loyola student donate tons of clothes and household goods through this program in the Residence Halls. LUC.edu/thinkgreenandgive • Biodiesel Program – Loyola ‘upcycles’ waste vegetable oil into vehicle fuel, biosoap, and other products.