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Abortion in the Early Medieval West, C.500-900
„Alienated from the womb‟: abortion in the early medieval West, c.500-900 Zubin Mistry University College, London PhD Thesis 2011 1 I, Zubin Mistry, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signed: 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is primarily a cultural history of abortion in the early medieval West. It is a historical study of perceptions, rather than the practice, of abortion. The span covered ranges from the sixth century, when certain localised ecclesiastical initiatives in the form of councils and sermons addressed abortion, through to the ninth century, when some of these initiatives were integrated into pastoral texts produced in altogether different locales. The thesis uses a range of predominantly ecclesiastical texts – canonical collections, penitentials, sermons, hagiography, scriptural commentaries, but also law- codes – to bring to light the multiple ways in which abortion was construed, experienced and responded to as a moral and social problem. Although there is a concerted focus upon the ecclesiastical tradition on abortion, a focus which ultimately questions how such a tradition ought to be understood, the thesis also explores the broader cultural significance of abortion. Early medieval churchmen, rulers, and jurists saw multiple things in abortion and there were multiple perspectives upon abortion. The thesis illuminates the manifold and, occasionally, surprising ways in which abortion was perceived in relation to gender, sexuality, politics, theology and the church. The history of early medieval abortion has been largely underwritten. Moreover, it has been inadequately historicised. -
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe
The Heirs of Alcuin: Education and Clerical Advancement in Ninth-Century Carolingian Europe Darren Elliot Barber Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds Institute for Medieval Studies December 2019 ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is his own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. iii Acknowledgements I wish to thank my supervisors, Julia Barrow and William Flynn, for their sincere encouragement and dedication to this project. Heeding their advice early on made this research even more focused, interesting, and enjoyable than I had hoped it would be. The faculty and staff of the Institute for Medieval Studies and the Brotherton Library have been very supportive, and I am grateful to Melanie Brunner and Jonathan Jarrett for their good advice during my semesters of teaching while writing this thesis. I also wish to thank the Reading Room staff of the British Library at Boston Spa for their friendly and professional service. Finally, I would like to thank Jonathan Jarrett and Charles West for conducting such a gracious viva examination for the thesis, and Professor Stephen Alford for kindly hosting the examination. iv Abstract During the Carolingian renewal, Alcuin of York (c. 740–804) played a major role in promoting education for children who would later join the clergy, and encouraging advanced learning among mature clerics. -
Introduction. Making the Past in Late and Post-Carolingian Historiography
Introduction. Making the Past in Late and Post-Carolingian Historiography Maximilian Diesenberger* This article focuses on how different pasts were constructed in the late and post-Carolin- gian world. In order to create a past, authors active around the year 900 chose different strategies: they made use of specific text formats in order to distance themselves from the past; they drew on alternative sources and a new vocabulary. They changed the scale of their observation and took new liberties with their narratives, as they were not as firmly bound to inherited narratives as their predecessors had been. This had an effect on their authorial posture within their texts. Through their specific use of the past, these authors not only at- tempted to provide an image of a new reality – they went beyond this. By breaking off the present from the past, or emphasising certain aspects of the past while »forgetting« others, they were making an important contribution to the re-formation of their world. Keywords: Carolingians; historiography; annals; social memory; empire; kingdoms »The past was a very real presence in early medieval societies. It might provide a legitimating template for the current order of things, explaining how things were meant to be thus, or an image of an ideal order, a Golden age against which the present could be judged. Within a social group, shared beliefs about the past were a source of identity: the image of a common past informed a ›Wir-Gefühl‹ (a sense of ›us-ness‹), and the defining characteristics of that past identified those who were and were not part of ›us‹ in the present.«1 This is how Matthew Innes introduced the volume The Uses of the Past in the Early Middle Ages (Hen and Innes) in 2000. -
The Carolingian Age in the Carpathian Basin 2 Béla Miklós Szőke the Carolingian Age in the Carpathian Basin
THE CAROLINGIAN AGE IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN 2 Béla Miklós Szőke THE CAROLINGIAN AGE IN THE CARPATHIAN BASIN PERMANENT EXHIBITION OF THE HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM HUNGARIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM ■ BUDAPEST ■ 2014 EXHIBITION CATALOGUE CURATORS OF THE EXHIBITION Annamária Bárány EDITORS Katalin Gergely László Révész Ágnes Ritoók Béla Miklós Szőke István Vörös PHOTOGRAPHY András Dabasi Judit Kardos CONTRIBUTOR Katalin Gergely ILLUSTRATIONS Balázs Holl Main partner institution (in the preparation and exhibition Béla Nagy of the Carolingian period) RESEARCH CENTER FOR Narmer Architecture Studio HUMANITIES, HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF Sándor Ősi SCIENCES, INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY Zsolt Vieman LENDERS Balatoni Múzeum, Keszthely TRANSLATED BY Judit Pokoly Göcseji Múzeum, Zalaegerszeg Lara Strong Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest Christopher Sullivan Rippl-Rónai Múzeum, Kaposvár Soproni Múzeum BOOK LAY OUT Dóra Kurucz Thúry György Múzeum, Nagykanizsa PRINTED BY Dürer Nyomda Kft. MODELS Narmer Architecture Studio PUBLISHED BY Hungarian National Museum, Budapest, ANIMATION Narmer Architecture Studio László Csorba Történelmi Animációs Egyesület BOWS AND BOW RACKS Pál Szabó ISBN 978 615 5209 17 8 Interactive Exhibits Kft. ARCHITECTURAL AND GRAPHICAL DESIGN Narmer Architecture Studio © Authors, 2014 © Hungarian National Museum, 2014 CONSTRUCTION Vektor Kft. Beige-Bau Kft. GRAPHICS Drava Dekor Kft. CONSERVATION Department of Conservation of the Hungarian National Museum HAS Institute of Archaeology, Conservation Lab THE EXHIBITION AND THE CATALOGUE WERE SPONSORED -
The Bishop in the Latin West 600–1100
This is a repository copy of The bishop in the Latin West 600–1100. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/94465/ Version: Accepted Version Proceedings Paper: Barrow, J (2018) The bishop in the Latin West 600–1100. In: Höfert, A, Mesley, M and Tolino, S, (eds.) Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World. The Gender of Authority. Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Bishops and Ruling Eunuchs, 400-1800, 28-30 Aug 2013, Zurich, Switzerland. Routledge , pp. 43-64. ISBN 9781472453402 © 2018 the Author. This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in Celibate and Childless Men in Power: Ruling Eunuchs and Bishops in the Pre-Modern World on 15 August 2017, available online: http://www.routledge.com/9781472453402. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. -
Rural Settlement, Lifestyles and Social Change in the Later First Millennium AD: Anglo-Saxon Flixborough in Its Wider Context Ii
4 RURAL SETTLEMENT, LIFESTYLES RURAL SETTLEMENT AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE LATER FIRST MILLENNIUM AD Anglo-Saxon Flixborough in its Wider Context RURAL SETTLEMENT, Between 1989 and 1991, excavations adjacent to the abandoned medieval settlement of North Conesby, in the parish of Flixborough, North Lincolnshire, unearthed remains of an Anglo-Saxon settlement LIFESTYLES AND SOCIAL associated with one of the largest collections of artefacts and animal bones yet found on such a site. The Anglo-Saxon settlement was situated on a belt of windblown sand, overlooking the floodplain of the River Trent, eight kilometres south of the Humber estuary. Analysis has demonstrated that the excavated CHANGE part of the settlement was occupied, or used for settlement-related activity, throughout what have been termed the ‘Mid’ and ‘Late’ Anglo-Saxon periods. In an unprecedented occupation sequence from an , LIFESTYLES AND SOCIAL CHANGE Anglo-Saxon rural settlement, six main periods of occupation have been identified, with additional sub- phases, dating from the seventh to the early eleventh centuries; with a further period of activity, between IN THE LATER FIRST MILLENNIUM AD the twelfth and fifteenth centuries AD. Anglo-Saxon Flixborough in its Wider Context The publication of the remains of the Anglo-Saxon settlement is achieved in four volumes, and will be supported by an extensive archive on the Archaeological Data Service (ADS) for the United Kingdom. The excavation, post-excavation analysis and publication phases of the project have been funded principally by English Heritage, and the project has been run through the Humberside Archaeology Unit and its successor, the Humber Archaeology Partnership. -
Carroll 219..246
The bishoprics of Saxony in the ®rst century after Christianization C HRISTOPHER C ARROLL The eighth and ninth centuries witnessed the foundation of many new bishoprics in the territories on the fringes of the Carolingian Empire. Saxony was one such region. This article seeks to understand the political status of these new bishoprics during the ®rst century of their existence, from their foundation to the end of Carolingian rule in east Francia (805±911). The religious history of the Saxon province, and the Carolingians' lack of interest in this region after its forcible conversion, had a signi®cant effect on the status of its bishop- rics during the ninth and early tenth centuries. This study assesses the evidence for both the land-holdings of this new episcopal church and the activities of its bishops, and concludes by arguing for the distinc- tive position of the Saxon bishoprics within the Frankish and east Frankish churches of this period. Although a great deal has been written on certain aspects of the Frankish Church and its history, the distinctive status and nature of its individual parts has not hitherto been fully appreciated. Most scholars of this period would probably agree, for example, that the east Frankish church was in many ways different from the churches of west Francia and Lotharingia, but one could not cite any existing literature which documented and explained many of these differences. There is also the question of how the Carolingian Empire was amassed and whether this effected such diversity. The present article seeks to examine this idea of diversity within the Carolingian Empire and Church with reference to the bishops of Saxony; a region which has been described as `the least developed part of the Frankish Empire'.1 Unfortunately, there is a dearth of reliable evidence for this period of Saxon ecclesiastical history ± a fact which colours much of the existing scholarship. -
Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: the Carolingians and Saxony, C
Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: The Carolingians and Saxony, c. 751–842 by Christopher Thomas Landon A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto © Copyright by Christopher Thomas Landon 2017 Conquest and Colonization in the Early Middle Ages: The Carolingians and Saxony, c. 751–842 Christopher Thomas Landon Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Medieval Studies University of Toronto 2017 Abstract This thesis reconsiders longstanding questions regarding the economic and ideological forces that drove Frankish expansion into Saxony in the late eighth and early ninth centuries, Frankish strategies of rule in the newly conquered region, and the effects of conquest and cultural disposession on the Saxons themselves. Specifically, the dissertation seeks to present a new interpretation of this critical historical episode as a process of colonization. After an introduction that briefly outlines various conceptions and definitions of colonization and how these apply to the early medieval period, chapter one provides an overview of the main Latin and Old Saxon sources regarding Saxony and the Saxons in the Carolingian period from the coronation of Pippin III to the suppression of the Saxon Stellinga uprising in 842. The chapter emphasizes the tendentious nature of these sources and the ways in which they reflect the perspective of the colonizer while obscuring the experiences of the colonized. Chapter two looks at the ideological justifications for the conquest advanced in the Frankish primary sources, arguing that the Franks’ forcible Christianization of the Saxons was driven in part by the Carolingian dynasty’s increasingly close ties with the papacy and by ancient imperial prerogatives regarding the extension of the faith. -
Rimbert's Vita Anskarii and Scandinavian Mission in the Ninth Century
Jnl of Ecclesiastical History, Vol. 55, No. 2, April 2004. f 2004 Cambridge University Press 235 DOI: 10.1017/S0022046904009935 Printed in the United Kingdom Rimbert’s Vita Anskarii and Scandinavian Mission in the Ninth Century by JAMES T. PALMER The idea of converting Scandinavia to Christianity had been enthusiastically pursued by the Emperor Louis the Pious and Archbishop Ebbo of Rheims in the 820s. Optimism such as theirs was, however, not to last, and little progress was made between the death of Archbishop Rimbert of Hamburg-Bremen in 888 and the conversion of Harald Bluetooth a century later. This article examines how Rimbert wrote a saint’s Life about Anskar, his predecessor and ‘apostle of the north’, in an attempt to arrest the waning support for the mission. It considers how this was achieved by placing the text in the context of the clashes between Ebbo and his successor, Hincmar, the predestination debate and the idea that mission was fulfilling apocalyptic prophecies. ‘In the time of Lord Louis [the Pious, d. 840] the emperor, [Archbishop Ebbo of Rheims] travelled to Rome with [Louis’s] consent and by the power of all the congregation of his kingdom’s synod; and there [Ebbo] was given licence to publicly evangelise the northern regions by the venerable pope, Paschal [in 821]. And how much afterwards did the emperor, Louis, encourage this work; and he offered plenty in everything and kindness et caetera … [and now] the church of Christ has been founded amongst the Danes and amongst the Swedes and priests perform their proper office without prohibition’.1 ith these positive words the missionary-archbishop Anskar of Hamburg-Bremen, writing in 864, summarised the achievements of W the first organised missions to Scandinavia. -
Francia. Forschungen Zur Westeuropäischen Geschichte Herausgegeben Vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris (Institut Historique Allemand) Band 45 (2018)
Francia. Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Historischen Institut Paris (Institut historique allemand) Band 45 (2018) DOI: 10.11588/fr.2018.0.70108 Rechtshinweis Bitte beachten Sie, dass das Digitalisat urheberrechtlich geschützt ist. Erlaubt ist aber das Lesen, das Ausdrucken des Textes, das Herunterladen, das Speichern der Daten auf einem eigenen Datenträger soweit die vorgenannten Handlungen ausschließlich zu privaten und nicht- kommerziellen Zwecken erfolgen. Eine darüber hinausgehende unerlaubte Verwendung, Reproduktion oder Weitergabe einzelner Inhalte oder Bilder können sowohl zivil- als auch strafrechtlich verfolgt werden. Erik Goosmann ARISTOCRATIC EXPLOITATION OF ECCLESIASTICAL PROPERTY IN THE NINTH CENTURY The Case of the villa Gendt Introduction Towards the end of the twelfth century the monks of Lorsch composed a property book known as the Codex Laureshamensis1. The compilers occasionally included older charter collections, if they encountered them in the monastery’s archive. One such collection consisted of nineteen records and was added in the form of short notitiae under the collective heading »On Gendt« (De Gannita)2. This small collec- tion had probably originated in the second half of the ninth century and its inclu- sion in the twelfth-century Codex Laureshamensis marked the final step of its evo- lution3. While there is ample reason to suspect that the content, order and form of the documents in this collection had been adapted, and sometimes manipulated, over time, it remains difficult to reconstruct the various stages of its development between its ninth-century inception and its current, twelfth-century state. How- ever, because several of the documents in the collection relate, and occasionally refer, to documents situated elsewhere in the Codex Laureshamensis, it is worthwhile to study the Gendt dossier in its twelfth-century context4. -
The Capitulary of Koblenz, 860 Charles West, June 2020 This
The Capitulary of Koblenz, 860 Charles West, June 2020 This capitulary records a meeting between the Carolingian kings Louis the German, Charles the Bald and Lothar II at Koblenz on the River Rhine in 860. It was convened to draw a line under Louis’s invasion of Charles’s kingdom in 858. A great deal of the text was consciously copied from a capitulary drawn up at the Council of Meerssen in 851, which had been attended by Louis, Charles and Lothar II’s father, Lothar I (I have put these sections in a smaller font). The Latin contains some distinctly non-classical words (forconsiliare, misfacere, alodes, bannire) and is not always strictly grammatical. The complete text is preserved only in early modern editions, but a number of medieval manuscripts have extracts from it, including Vatican Pal. lat. 582 fol. 84v,1 Paris BnF lat. 9654 fol. 79v,2 and Munich SB Clm 3853 fol. 268v. The oath of Louis is independently recorded in the Annals of Fulda, and the oath of Charles in a work by Hincmar of Reims. This is a draft (and somewhat hasty) translation, intended to give those without Latin access to the text, and those with basic Latin some guidance in interpreting it for themselves. If you spot any howlers, please do let me know! Edition: MGH Capitularia vol. II https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_capit_2/index.htm#page/(152)/mode/1up TRANSLATION Declaration of the lord Charles3 You know that some men less fearful of God than was necessary as if with good intention invited our brother Louis in that year [858], that he should come into our kingdom in the way you know; and you know well how God and your faithfulness aided us.