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Engineering Astride the Border Legget, R NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Engineering astride the border Legget, R. F. This publication could be one of several versions: author’s original, accepted manuscript or the publisher’s version. / La version de cette publication peut être l’une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l’auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l’éditeur. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: Engineering Journal, 43, 5, pp. 79-81, 1960-07-01 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=eac77ec2-9673-45b4-9360-105293f01514 https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=eac77ec2-9673-45b4-9360-105293f01514 Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. Si vous n’arrivez pas à les repérer, communiquez avec nous à [email protected]. a-\. Ser TE]. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL N2r-t2 CANADA no. I'02 DIVISION oF BUILDING RESEARCH e.2 I Eif;m ENCINEERINCASTRIDE THE BORDER by R. F. LEGGET Al,JALYTf;D B1JILDTNGRESEARCII - LIBRARY. ^uGs 1960 IIATIONAL RESEARCII{OUilCTL REPRINTED FROM THE ENGTNEERING JOURNAL, VOL, 43, NO. 5, MAY 1960, P.79-8I Technical Paper No. 102 of the Division of Building Research Price l0 Cents Ottarva, july 1960 NRC 5733 .4 if 3 L t)8, fl41 This publication is being distributed by the Division of Building Research of the National Research Council as a contribution towards better building in Canada. It should not be reproduced in whole or in part, without permission of the original publisher'. The Division would be glad to be of assistance in obtaining such permission. Publications of the Division of Building Research may be obtained by mailing the appropliate lemittance, (a Bank, Express, or Post Office Money Order or a cheque made payable at par in Ottawa, to the Receiver General of Canada, credit National Resealch Council) to the National Research Coun- cil, Ottawa. Stamps are not accepttrble. A coupon system has been introduced to make payments for publications relatively simple. Coupons ale available in denominations of 5, 25, and 50 cents, and may be obtained by making a remittance trs indicated above. These coupons may be used for t'he purchase of trll National Research Council publications including specifications of the Canadian Government Specifications Boald. ililul|rur|[uu[|uiluuuuililrlctsTt/ tctsT E]t|0l]t|EtRl].|0ASTRTDE T1|EBORDER R. F. LeggetT M.E.I.c., Director,Ditsision of Building Research, n*ational Research C ouncil, Ottawa. From a talk given by the author at the Cleveland Convention of the American Society of Civil Engineers, May, 1959. IS doubtful if any of the popular A few months ago, standing on the top of the great earth dyke which flanks TT power I speakers about the Seaway has the Canadian part of the immense new house at Barnhart Island on the St. Lawrence, the writer had by his side a close friend, a distinguished scientist and reminded his audiencd, when talking engineer from a distant land. The Director of the St. Lawrence Proiect for the about the frontier, that one of the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario, standing there in the warm sunlight great early American border forts was of that lovely summer day, told how this vast construction project had been carried found to have been built in Canadian out by two countries, working independently but side by side, without the slightest difficulty or real argument from the very start of the actual work. The foreign guest territory when surveys were checked. was amazed. "How can such things be?" he asked. "How can two great countries To be reminded of such an early such as yours co-operate so closely? And if you can do it, why cannot other countries piece of construction reallg asftide do the same? What is the secret?" These questions are worth considering, but into the border may, however, pr.ovids a without launching the usual eulogy about the more than five thousand miles of undefended frontier. good starting point for a realistic look at the inter-relations of American and Canadian civil engineering, with many consequences, not the least of Lake St. Francis, and as a joint special reference to works that are which was that the Province of Que- project with the United States in the near the long border. bec, without the power that could be international section from there to developed by a dam at the Lachine Lake Ontario, all costs being shared. The St. Lawrence Seaway will Rapids, one of the seaway works, In this joint project the lift from assuredly stimulate greatly the com- had to go elsewhere for much needed the tail-water level at Barnhart is merce on the vast international water- power. Work was therefore started made by two locks on the U.S. side. ways provided by the Great Lakes. instead on the Bersimis project in At Iroquois, the lock to pass the Built with all the accustomed speed northeastern which will even- Resulator Dam is in Canada. Later of modern construction, the Seaway Quebec, tually develop 2 million hp. thele may be locks at both places in and associated power works constitute For many reasons, therefole, Cana- both countries when the traffic so a monumental project of civil en- dian patience was sorely tried, with requires. gineering. When they were officially the result that in 1951 the Prime In 1952, however, it was said in dedicated, there may have been some Minister suggested to the President some American engineering circles, who remembered that it was almost of the United States that if the Inter- statements even appearing in print, exactly 27 years since (on 18, July national Commission would that Canada could not possibly carry 1932) a solemn treaty was signed Joint agree to the generation of power out the Seaway project on her own,, covering the prosecution of this great jointly by New York and Ontario in that her suggestion of doing so was undertaking. Unfortunately, the treaty the international section of the St. just a political move, that she was failed to win the nec€ssary two-thirds Lawrence, Canada would herself just bluffiirg. That assertion, coming majority of the votes of the U.S. carry out all the associatd seaway from fellow engineers, was not easy Senate and so it proved to be abor- work. The Commission did so agree, to take. Those who made this asser- tive. Canada had-to wait. Even the on 29 October 1952, and Ontario tion had, apparently, never been to imperative ,of war failed to win a and New York went ahead with the the eastern end of Lake Erie to see simple majority of senatorial votes power works at Barnhart, now com- how ships both large and small man- for the executive agreement prepared pleted and in operation. Before Can- age to get to Lake Ontario, 326 feet to authorize the start of construction could get started on the Seaway below. This is done by way of the in 1941. ada construction, however,,other factors Welland Canal, one of the great These things are not said in any had emerged which eventually led canals of the world, which conveys way critically. They are statements of to the international agreement under the largest of upper lake freighters historical fact that show that the which the job has been successfully up and down the Niagara esca{p- answers to the simple questions cited carried through to completion-as a ment in just seven locks. It is en- at the outset are not clear-cut. The Canadian project on the Canadian tirely a Canadian aclrievement, iust clelay in the start of construction had part of the river from Montreal to as wel'e the five plccedlng, smaller Welland Canals-in conception, de- know that just the other sid,e of the the actual constructi'on of civil en- sign, construction and cost. Officially hills at which she was looking was gineering projects lies the much more opened on 6 August 1932, more than the world's largest aluminum plant, difficult task of co-operation in the a quarter of a century ago, the "new" at Arvida, then being expanded at planning of these international ven- Welland Canal cost $13f ,900,000. breakneck speed, and that to serve it tures. For boundary water problems, Replacement today is estimated to with vital power there was even then this is done by the International cost $350,000,000. being oompleted possibly the greatest Joint Commission, with equal mern- The sceptics could just as readily of all Canadian construction achieve- bership from both countries, and have gone to the western end of ments, the building of tJle Shipshaw urrder joint chairmanship. Another Lake Erie and into the St. Clair power plant.
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