! ! ! !
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Implementation guidelines for the second generation system for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications;
Part I (DVB-S2)
! Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
DVB Document A171-1
March 2015
3
Contents Intellectual Property Rights ...... 5 Foreword...... 5 1 Scope ...... 6 2 References ...... 6 3 Symbols and abbreviations ...... 8 3.1 Symbols ...... 8 3.2 Abbreviations ...... 9 4 General description of the technical characteristics of the DVB-S2 system ...... 11 4.1 Commercial requirements ...... 12 4.1.1 Commercial Requirements for Broadcast Services ...... 12 4.1.2 Commercial Requirements for Non-Broadcast Services ...... 13 4.1.3 Common Commercial Requirements ...... 14 4.2 Application scenarios ...... 14 4.3 System architecture ...... 15 4.3.1 The system block diagram ...... 18 4.3.2 Reference performance ...... 19 4.4 Adaptive Coding and Modulation ...... 30 4.4.1 ACM: the principles ...... 30 4.4.2 Functional description of the DVB-S2 subsystem for ACM ...... 34 4.4.3 DVB-S2 performance in ACM mode ...... 39 4.5 System configurations...... 40 5 Broadcast applications ...... 40 5.1 SDTV broadcasting...... 41 5.2 SDTV and HDTV broadcasting with differentiated channel protection ...... 41 6 Interactive applications ...... 42 6.1 IP Unicast Services ...... 42 6.1.1 Single Generic Stream and ACM command ...... 43 6.1.2 Multiple (Generic or Transport) Streams ...... 45 6.1.3 Encapsulation efficiency of ACM modes ...... 46 6.1.4 Scheduling issues ...... 49 6.2 Independent frames structure for Packetized streams with VCM/ACM ...... 51 6.2.1 Independent framing issues (applicable to MPEG-TS) ...... 51 6.2.2 Example slicing process ...... 52 6.2.3 Specific cases ...... 52 7 Contribution services, data content distribution/trunking and other professional applications...... 53 7.1 Distribution of multiple MPEG multiplexes to Digital Terrestrial TV Transmitters ...... 53 7.2 DSNG and other professional applications ...... 53 7.2.1 DSNG bit rates and symbol rates ...... 54 7.2.2 Phase noise recommendation ...... 54 7.2.3 Receiver filter mask ...... 54 7.2.4 DSNG carrier spacing ...... 54 7.2.5 Link budget examples for DSNG ...... 56 7.2.6 DSNG transmitting station identification ...... 62 7.2.7 DSNG Services using ACM ...... 62 8 Transmission on wideband satellite transponders using time-slicing ...... 64 A.1 Structure of Parity Check Matrices of Standardized LDPC Codes ...... 67 A.2 Description of Standardized LDPC Codes ...... 68 A.3 Performance Results ...... 69 B.1 Structured PLS code for Frame Synchronization ...... 72 B.2 Pilot Structure ...... 74
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C.1 Modulator with Pre-Distortion ...... 76 C.2 Clock Recovery ...... 77 C.3 Physical Layer Frame Synchronization ...... 78 C.3.1 An algorithm for Frame Synchronization...... 78 C.3.2 An Alternative Frame Synchronization Algorithm ...... 79 C.4 Carrier Frequency Recovery ...... 82 C.1 Automatic Gain Control ...... 84 C.2 Carrier Phase Recovery ...... 84 C.6.1 Pilot-Aided Linear Interpolation ...... 84 C.6.2 Fine Phase Recovery for High Order Modulations ...... 86 C.3 Performance Results ...... 86 D.1 System Sizing Issues ...... 89 D.2 Methodology Description ...... 89 D.3 Study Case Results ...... 90 E.1 Channel estimator ...... 97 E.2 Physical Layer Selector ...... 99 E.2.1 Shifted Threshold ...... 100 E.2.2 Hysteresis ...... 101 E.3 Performance results ...... 101 F.1 Type 1 receiver ...... 108 F.2 Type 2 receiver ...... 108 G.1 PL-Header for time slicing ...... 110 G.2 Simple time slice setups ...... 110 G.2.1 Time Slice Sequence ...... 110 G.2.2 Simple Scheduling Assumptions: ...... 111 G.2.3 Examples of TimeSliceCylces...... 111 G.3 Calculation of symbol rate of a simple time slice setups ...... 111 G.3.1 Examples of calculation of symbol rate (simple time-slicing setups) ...... 112 History ...... 115
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Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
The work of the JTC was based on the studies carried out by the European DVB Project under the auspices of the Ad Hoc Group on DVB-S2 of the DVB Technical Module. This joint group of industry, operators and broadcasters provided the necessary information on all relevant technical matters (see clause 2).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva.
European Broadcasting Union CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva) Switzerland Tel: +41 22 717 21 11 Fax: +41 22 717 24 81
Founded in September 1993, the DVB Project is a market-led consortium of public and private sector organizations in the television industry. Its aim is to establish the framework for the introduction of MPEG-2 based digital television services. Now comprising over 200 organizations from more than 25 countries around the world, DVB fosters market-led systems, which meet the real needs, and economic circumstances, of the consumer electronics and the broadcast industry.
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1 Scope
The present document is part 1 of a multipart deliverable and gives an overview of the technical and operational issues relevant to the system specified in EN 302 307-1 [2] "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part I (DVB-S2)", including service quality and link availability evaluation for typical DSNG and fixed contribution links, with the purpose to facilitate its interpretation. Correspondingly, part 2 considers technical and operational issues relevant to the system specified in EN 302 307-2 [2] "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part II (DVB-S2X)", but it can be applied also to DVB-S2, when enhanced S2 receivers and channel models are implemented.
2 References
For the purposes of this Technical Report (TR), the following references apply:
[1] ETSI EN 300 421: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for 11/12 GHz satellite services".
[2] ETSI EN 302 307-1: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part I (DVB-S2)".
[3] ISO/IEC 13818 (parts 1 and 2): " Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information".
[4] ETSI EN 301 210: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite".
[5] ETSI TR 101 154: " Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream".
[6] ETSI EN 300 468: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI) in DVB systems".
[7] ETSI EN 301 192: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting".
[8] ETSI EN 300 429: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems".
[9] ETSI TR 101 221: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); User guideline for Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG) and other contribution applications by satellite".
[10] U. Reimers, A. Morello: "DVB-S2, the second generation standard for satellite broadcasting and unicasting", International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[11] R. Gallager: "Low Density Parity Check Codes", IRE Trans. on Info. Theory, January 1962.
[12] M. Eroz, F.-W. Sun and L.-N. Lee: "DVB-S2 Low Density Parity Check Codes with near Shannon Limit Performance", International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[13] E. Casini, R. De Gaudenzi, A. Ginesi: "DVB-S2 modem algorithms design and performance over typical satellite channels", International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[14] F.-W. Sun Y. Jiang and L.-N. Lee: "Frame synchronization and pilot structure for DVB-S2" International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[15] R. Rinaldo, M. Vazquez-Castro, A. Morello: "DVB-S2 ACM modes for IP and MPEG unicast applications", International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[16] S. Cioni, R. De Gaudenzi, and R. Rinaldo, “Channel estimation and physical layer adaptation techniques for satellite networks exploiting adaptive coding and modulation”, Int. Journal of Satellite Commun., John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26, pp. 157-188, Jan./Feb. 2008.
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[17] H. Bischl, H. Brandt, T. de Cola, R. De Gaudenzi, E. Eberlein, N. Girault, E. Alberty, S. Lipp, R. Rinaldo, B. Rislow, J. A. Skard, J. Tousch and G. Ulbricht, “Adaptive coding and modulation for satellite broadband networks: From theory to practice”, Int. Journal of Satellite Commun., John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28, pp. 59-111, Mar./Apr. 2010.
[18] Final Report of ESA Contract No. 19572/06/NL/JA, DVB-S2 Satellite Experiment, EADS Astrium, September 2010.
[19] R. Rinaldo, R. De Gaudenzi: "Capacity analysis and system optimization for the forward link of multi-beam satellite broadband systems exploiting adaptive coding and modulation", International Journal on Satellite Communication Networks, 2004; 22.
[20] U. Reimers (ed.): "Digital Video Broadcasting - The DVB Family of Standards for Digital Television", 2nd ed., 2004, Springer Publishers, New York, ISBN 3-540-43545-X.
[21] M.A. Vazquez-Castro et Al.: "Scheduling issues in ACM DVB-S2 systems: performance assessment through a comprehensive OPNET simulator", under preparation.
[22] C.E. Gilchriest: "Signal to Noise Monitoring" JPL Space Programs Summary, No 37-27, Vol IV, pp 169-176.
[23] D. J. MacKay and R. M. Neal: "Good codes based on very sparse matrices", 5th IMA Conf. 1995, pp.100-111.
[24] D. J. MacKay and R. M. Neal: "Near Shannon limit performance of low density parity check codes", Electronics Lett. Mar. 1997, vol. 33, no.6, pp. 457-458.
[25] T. Richardson and R. Urbanke: "Efficient encoding of low-density parity check codes", IEEE Trans. Info. Theory, vol. 47, pp.638-656, Feb. 2001.
[26] T. Richardson, A. Shokrollahi and R. Urbanke: "Design of capacity approaching irregular low density parity check codes", IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Feb. 2001, vol. 47, pp. 619-637.
[27] U. Mengali and A.N. D'Andrea: "Synchronization Techniques for Digital Receivers", Plenum Press, New York, USA, 1997.
[28] R. De Gaudenzi, A. Guillen i Fabregas, A. Martinez Vicente: "Turbo-coded APSK Modulations for Satellite Broadcasting and Multicasting- Part I: Coded Modulation Design", submitted to IEEE Trans. On Wireless Communications 2004.
[29] R. De Gaudenzi, A. Guillen i Fabregas, A. Martinez Vicente: "Turbo-coded APSK Modulations for Satellite Broadcasting - Part II: End-to-End Performance" submitted to IEEE Trans. On Wireless Communications 2004.
[30] G. Karam and H. Sari: "A Data Pre-distortion Technique with Memory for QAM Radio Systems", IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. COM-39, No. 2, pp 336- 344, February 1991.
[31] R. De Gaudenzi and M. Luise: "Design and Analysis of an All-Digital Demodulator for Trellis Coded 16-QAM Transmission over a Non-linear Satellite Channel", IEEE Trans. on Comm., Vol. 43, No. 2/3/4, February/March/April 1995, part I.
[32] F. M. Gardner: "A BPSK/QPSK timing-error detector for sampled receivers", IEEE Trans. On Communications, vol. COM-34, no. 5, May 1986.
[33] M. Luise and R. Reggiannini: "Carrier Frequency Recovery in All Digital Modems for Burst Mode Transmissions", IEEE Transactions on Communications, COM-43, pp. 1169-1178, Feb./March/Apr. 1995.
[34] M. Oerder and H. Meyr: "Digital Filter and Square Timing Recovery", IEEE Trans. Commun., COM-36, May 1988.
[35] Jack K.Holmes: "Coherent spread spectrum systems", Wiley Interscience, pp 395 to 426.
[36] A. Morello, V. Mignone: "DVB-S2 ready to lift-off", IBC'04 Conference, Amsterdam, 9-13 September, 2004.
[37] D.R. Pauluzzi and N.C. Beaulieu: "A Comparison of SNR Estimation Techniques for the AWGN channel", IEEE Trans. Comm., vol. 48, pp. 1681-1691, Oct. 2000.
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[38] L. Castanet et al.: "Comparison of Various Methods for Combining Propagation Effects and Predicting Loss in Low-Availability Systems in the 20-50 GHz Frequency Range", Int. Journ. on Sat. Comm., Vol. 19, pp. 317-334, 2001.
[39] E. Casini: "DVB-S2 end-to-end performance with linearized and non-linearized TWT amplifiers" ESA document Ref. TEC-ETC/2004.84/EC/ec.
[40] F. J. Williams, N.J.A. Sloane: "The Theory of error correction coding", Elsevier, New York, 1977.
[41] ETSI EN 300 744: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for digital terrestrial television".
[42] ETSI EN 301 790: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel for satellite distribution systems".
[43] ETSI ETS 300 801: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel through Public Switched Telecommunications Network (PSTN)/ Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN)".
[44] ETSI EN 301 195: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Interaction channel through the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM)".
[45] ETSI ES 200 800: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB interaction channel for Cable TV distribution systems (CATV)".
[46] ITU-R Recommendation SNG.770-1: "Uniform operational procedures for satellite news gathering (SNG)".
[47] ETSI TS 102 606: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) Protocol”.
[48] ETSI TS 102 771"Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) implementation guidelines”.
[49] S. Mirta, T. Schierl and T. Wiegand , P.Inigo, C.LeGuern, C.Moreau, L.Guarnieri, J.Tronc, “HD Video Broadcasting using Scalable Video Coding combined with DVB-S2 Variable Coding and Modulation”, In the Proc. of the 2010 5th Advanced Satellite Multimedia Systems Conference and the 11th Signal Processing for Space Communications Workshop, Cagliari, Italy, 13-15 Sept. 2010 , pp. 114-121.
[50] ITU-T Recommendation H.264 (11/2009), Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services | ISO/IEC 14496-10:2008, Information technology – Coding of audio-visual objects (MPEG-4) – Part 10: Ad-vanced video coding, Version 13, November 2009.
[51] H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, and T. Wiegand: “Overview of the Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Special Issue on Scalable Video Coding, Vol. 17, No. 9, pp. 1103-1120, September 2007.
[52] ETSI EN 302 307-2: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications; Part 2 (DVB-S2X)"
3 Symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: