DOCSLIB.ORG

A Revision of the Solanum Elaeagnifolium Clade

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Revision of the Solanum Elaeagnifolium Clade A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 84: 1–104 (2017) A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade... 1 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.84.12695 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae) Sandra Knapp1, Eva Sagona1,2, Anna K.Z. Carbonell3, Franco Chiarini4 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom 2 Orto Botanico Forestale di Abetone, Associazione Ecomuseo della Montagna Pistoese, Palazzo Achilli, Piaz- zetta Achilli n. 7 - 51028 Gavinana, Pistoia (PT), Italy 3 Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, United Kingdom 4 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina Corresponding author: Sandra Knapp ([email protected]) Academic editor: L. Giacomin | Received 13 March 2017 | Accepted 3 July 2017 | Published 7 August 2017 Citation: Knapp S, Sagona E, Carbonell AKZ, Chiarini F (2017) A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade; subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 84: 1–104. https://doi.org/10.3897/ phytokeys.84.12695 Abstract TheSolanum elaeagnifolium clade (Elaeagnifolium clade) contains five species of small, often rhizomatous, shrubs from deserts and dry forests in North and South America. Members of the clade were previously classified in sections Leprophora, Nycterium and Lathyrocarpum, and were not thought to be closely related. The group is sister to the species-rich monophyletic Old World clade of spiny solanums. The species of the group have an amphitropical distribution, with three species in Mexico and the southwestern United States and three species in Argentina. Solanum elaeagnifolium occurs in both North and South America, and is a noxious invasive weed in dry areas worldwide. Members of the group are highly variable morpho- logically, and this variability has led to much synonymy, particularly in the widespread S. elaeagnifolium. We here review the taxonomic history, morphology, relationships and ecology of these species and provide keys for their identification, descriptions, full synonymy (including designations of lectotypes) and no- menclatural notes. Illustrations, distribution maps and preliminary conservation assessments are provided for all species. Resumen El clado Elaeagnifolium contiene cinco especies arbustivas, usualmente rizomatosas, distribuidas en desi- ertos y bosques secos de Norte y Sudamérica. Previamente, los miembros del clado estuvieron agrupados en las secciones Leprophora, Nycterium y Lathyrocarpum porque se pensaba que no estaban estrechamente Copyright Sandra Knapp et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2 Sandra Knapp et al. / PhytoKeys 84: 1–104 (2017) relacionados. El grupo es hermano de los Solanum del Viejo Mundo (Old World clade). Las especies del grupo tienen una distribución anfitropical, con tres especies de México y el Suroeste de Estados Unidos y tres especies en Argentina. Solanum elaeagnifolium se encuentra en Norte y Sudamérica, y es conocida como una nociva hierba invasora en áreas secas de todo el mundo. Los miembros de este grupo son alta- mente variables en su morfología, lo cual ha llevado a la existencia de mucha sinonimia, particularmente en S. elaeagnifolium. Aquí revisamos la historia taxonómica, morfología, relaciones y ecología de estas especies; así mismo, proveemos claves para su identificación, descripción, sinonimia completa (incluyendo las designaciones de lectotipos) y notas nomenclaturales. Además proveemos ilustraciones, mapas y eval- uaciones del estado de conservación de las especies. Keywords amphitropical, conservation status, invasive species, lectotypification, Leptostemonum, New World, pre- liminary conservation status, Solanaceae, spiny solanums, weeds Table of contents Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2 Taxonomy and relationships ..................................................................................... 3 Morphology ....................................................................................................... 5 Biology and natural history .............................................................................. 13 Species concepts ............................................................................................... 18 Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 19 Taxonomic treatment ............................................................................................. 20 The Solanum elaeagnifolium clade ..................................................................... 20 Artificial key to the species of theS. elaeagnifolium clade ............................ 21 Species descriptions .................................................................................... 22 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. ...................................................................... 22 Solanum hindsianum Benth. ....................................................................... 47 Solanum homalospermum Chiarini .............................................................. 54 Solanum houstonii Martyn .......................................................................... 57 Solanum mortonii Hunz. ............................................................................ 72 Names not validly published ............................................................................ 75 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 75 References .............................................................................................................. 76 Appendix 1. Index to numbered collections ............................................................ 85 Introduction Solanum L. is one of the ten most species-rich genera of flowering plants (Frodin 2004) and has approximately 1,400 species occurring on all temperate and tropical continents. The highest diversity of both groups and species is in tropical South America, concentrated in a circle around the Amazon Basin (see Knapp 2002b), A revision of the Solanum elaeagnifolium clade... 3 but significant diversity occurs in various parts of the Old World. Solanum was one of Linneaus’s (1753) larger genera, with 23 species mostly described from European or African collections. The last time Solanum was monographed in its entirety was in De Candolle’s Prodromus (Dunal 1852), which included 901 spe- cies (with an additional 19 recorded as incompletely known by him at the time). Until the 21st century, the taxonomy of Solanum was largely limited to rearrange- ments of infrageneric taxa, species-level treatments of smaller groups within the genus, and floristic works. The large size of Solanum and its poorly understood infrageneric structure has meant that Solanum taxonomy proceeded in a piecemeal fashion until relatively recently and the genus acquired a reputation of being intractable. A project funded by the United States National Science Foundation’s Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) program begun in 2004 sought to accelerate species-level taxonomic work across the genus and resulted in a series of monographic and phylogenetic treatments from both Old and New Worlds (e.g., Tepe and Bohs 2011; Stern et al. 2013; Knapp 2013a; Knapp and Voront- sova 2016; Clark et al. 2015; Wahlert et al. 2014, 2015; Aubriot et al. 2016; Vorontsova and Knapp 2016; Spooner et al. 2016). An electronic monographic treatment of the entire genus, with species and species groups added as they are completed, is available online in the web resource Solanaceae Source (http://www.solanaceaesource.org). This treatment is part of that collaborative effort. Taxonomy and relationships Solanum has been divided into 13 major clades (Bohs 2005; Särkinen et al. 2013), of which the spiny solanums (subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter, or the Leptostemonum clade) is the largest, with some 550 currently accepted species. The Solanum elaeagni- folium species group is part of this large group, and within that, is sister to the mono- phyletic Old World clade (see Vorontsova et al. 2013). Plants collected by William Houstoun on the Caribbean coast of Mexico were cul- tivated by Philip Miller of the Chelsea Physic Garden in London and were described as S. carolinense Mill. (= S. houstonii Martyn; Miller 1768). Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. was described from material grown in the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid collected on voyages made by Spanish explorers in the early 19th century (Cavanilles 1800); S. lepro- sum Ortega was probably described from the same living material (see Knapp 2013b). Dunal (1813) treated both species as members of his section Leprophora Dunal, along with S. sericeum Ruiz & Pav. (now recognised as a member of the Potato clade, Särki- nen et al. 2015), based on their whitish grey pubescence and leaf morphology. A year later, Dunal (1814) described S. tridynamum Dunal (=S. houstonii) based upon the drawings of José Sessé and Mariano Mociño he had seen either at the herbarium in Geneva or in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Add a Tuber to the Pod: on Edible Tuberous Legumes
    LEGUME PERSPECTIVES Add a tuber to the pod: on edible tuberous legumes The journal of the International Legume Society Issue 19 • November 2020 IMPRESSUM ISSN Publishing Director 2340-1559 (electronic issue) Diego Rubiales CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Quarterly publication Córdoba, Spain January, April, July and October [email protected] (additional issues possible) Editor-in-Chief Published by M. Carlota Vaz Patto International Legume Society (ILS) Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Co-published by (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier [email protected] (Universidade Nova de Lisboa), Oeiras, Portugal Technical Editor Office and subscriptions José Ricardo Parreira Salvado CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier International Legume Society (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain Oeiras, Portugal Phone: +34957499215 • Fax: +34957499252 [email protected] [email protected] Legume Perspectives Design Front cover: Aleksandar Mikić Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa) plant at harvest, [email protected] showing pods and tubers. Photo courtesy E.O. Leidi. Assistant Editors Svetlana Vujic Ramakrishnan Nair University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia AVRDC - The World Vegetable Center, Shanhua, Taiwan Vuk Đorđević Ana María Planchuelo-Ravelo Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia National University of Córdoba, CREAN, Córdoba, Argentina Bernadette Julier Diego Rubiales Institut national de la recherche agronomique, Lusignan, France CSIC, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Córdoba, Spain Kevin McPhee Petr Smýkal North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Fred Muehlbauer Olomouc, Czech Republic USDA, ARS, Washington State University, Pullman, USA Frederick L.
    [Show full text]
  • Tlacotalpan, Veracruz
    TLACOTALPAN, VERACRUZ I. DATOS GENERALES DEL PUERTO. A. Nombre del Puerto. (TLACOTALPAN). Inscrito en diciembre de 1998 en la lista de Patrimonio Cultural de la Humanidad por la UNESCO, este municipio se ubica en la rivera del Río Papaloapan. Se le conoce como el lugar de origen de la identidad jarocha comúnmente aceptada. Debido a su clima y a su condición semi-tropical, la arquitectura que ahí se creó fue la respuesta lógica a dichas condicionantes a lo largo de la colonia y época independiente. De las características únicas que hicieron merecedor a Tlacotalpan de este reconocimiento son el trazo urbano y la representación de la fusión de las tradiciones españolas y caribeñas de excepcional importancia y calidad. Otro de los criterios que se reconocieron fue que es un puerto ribereño colonial español situado cerca de la costa del Golfo de México. B. Ubicación y Límites geográficos del puerto. Tlacotlapan significa “tierra partida”. Se encuentra ubicado en el sureste del estado de Veracruz en las coordenadas Lat. 18° 36´47” N, Long. 95° 39´ 23” W, a una altura de 10 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Limita al norte con Alvarado, al este con Lerdo de Tejada, al sur con Isla. Los límites geográficos de Tlacotalpan son: Latitud Longitud 18º 36´ 53.36¨ Norte 095° 40´ 18.46” Oeste 18º 36´ 51.34¨ Norte 095° 38´ 41.77” Oeste C. Tipo de Puerto. (fluvial) Tlacotalpan es un puerto fluvial para embarcaciones pesqueras y embarcaciones menores rodeado e irrigado por el río Papaloapan, además posee en el municipio los ríos tributarios de San Juan y Tesechoacán; cuenta con una extensión de 646.51 km², relativo al 0.89% del territorio total del estado y se localiza a 90 km del puerto de Veracruz, a 110 km de la ciudad de Tuxtepec, a 203 km de la ciudad de Xalapa, capital del estado y a aproximadamente a 500 km de la Ciudad de México.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park
    19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park Author(s): Dorothy Scherer Published by: California Native Plant Society i Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: www.fortross.org Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the source of the content; if you use material from FRC online, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org.” Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association, connects people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. © Fort Ross Conservancy, 19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450, 707-847-3437 .~ ) VASCULAR PLANTS of FORT ROSS STATE HISTORIC PARK SONOMA COUNTY A PLANT COMMUNITIES PROJECT DOROTHY KING YOUNG CHAPTER CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY DOROTHY SCHERER, CHAIRPERSON DECEMBER 30, 1999 ) Vascular Plants of Fort Ross State Historic Park August 18, 2000 Family Botanical Name Common Name Plant Habitat Listed/ Community Comments Ferns & Fern Allies: Azollaceae/Mosquito Fern Azo/la filiculoides Mosquito Fern wp Blechnaceae/Deer Fern Blechnum spicant Deer Fern RV mp,sp Woodwardia fimbriata Giant Chain Fern RV wp Oennstaedtiaceae/Bracken Fern Pleridium aquilinum var. pubescens Bracken, Brake CG,CC,CF mh T Oryopteridaceae/Wood Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Western lady Fern RV sp,wp Dryopteris arguta Coastal Wood Fern OS op,st Dryopteris expansa Spreading Wood Fern RV sp,wp Polystichum munitum Western Sword Fern CF mh,mp Equisetaceae/Horsetail Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail RV ds,mp Equisetum hyemale ssp.affine Common Scouring Rush RV mp,sg Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouring Rush mp,sg Equisetum telmateia ssp.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism, Heritage and Creativity: Divergent Narratives and Cultural Events in Mexican World Heritage Cities
    Tourism, Heritage and Creativity: Divergent Narratives and Cultural Events in Mexican World Heritage Cities Tourismus, Erbe und Kreativität: Divergierende Erzählungen und kulturelle Ereignisse in mexi-kanischen Weltkulturerbe-Städten MARCO HERNÁNDEZ-ESCAMPA, DANIEL BARRERA-FERNÁNDEZ** Faculty of Architecture “5 de Mayo”, Autonomous University of Oaxaca “Benito Juárez” Abstract This work compares two major Mexican events held in World Heritage cities. Gua- najuato is seat to The Festival Internacional Cervantino. This festival represents the essence of a Mexican region that highlights the Hispanic past as part of its identity discourse. Meanwhile, Oaxaca is famous because of the Guelaguetza, an indigenous traditional festival whose roots go back in time for fve centuries. Focused on cultural change and sustainability, tourist perception, identity narrative, and city theming, the analysis included anthropological and urban views and methodologies. Results show high contrasts between the analyzed events, due in part to antagonist (Indigenous vs. Hispanic) identities. Such tension is characteristic not only in Mexico but in most parts of Latin America, where cultural syncretism is still ongoing. Dieser Beitrag vergleicht Großveranstaltungen zweier mexikanischer Städte mit Welt- kulturerbe-Status. Das Festival Internacional Cervantino in Guanajato steht beispiel- haft für eine mexikanische Region, die ihre spanische Vergangenheit als Bestandteil ihres Identitätsdiskurses zelebriert. Oaxaca wiederum ist für das indigene traditionelle Festival Guelaguetza bekannt, dessen Vorläufer 500 Jahre zurückreichen. Mit einem Fokus auf kulturellen Wandel und Nachhaltigkeit, Tourismus, Identitätserzählungen und städtisches Themenmanagement kombiniert die Analyse Perspektiven und Me- thoden aus der Anthropologie und Stadtforschung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen prägnante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Festivals auf, die sich u.a. auf antagonistische Iden- titäten (indigene vs.
    [Show full text]
  • Solanum Elaeagnifolium Cav. R.J
    R.A. Stanton J.W. Heap Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. R.J. Carter H. Wu Name Lower leaves c. 10 × 4 cm, oblong-lanceolate, distinctly sinuate-undulate, upper leaves smaller, Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. is commonly known oblong, entire, venation usually prominent in in Australia as silverleaf nightshade. Solanum is dried specimens, base rounded or cuneate, apex from the Latin solamen, ‘solace’ or ‘comfort’, in acute or obtuse; petiole 0.5–2 cm long, with reference to the narcotic effects of some Solanum or without prickles. Inflorescence a few (1–4)- species. The species name, elaeagnifolium, is flowered raceme at first terminal, soon lateral; Latin for ‘leaves like Elaeagnus’, in reference peduncle 0.5–1 cm long; floral rachis 2–3 cm to olive-like shrubs in the family Elaeagnaceae. long; pedicels 1 cm long at anthesis, reflexed ‘Silverleaf’ refers to the silvery appearance of and lengthened to 2–3 cm long in fruit. Calyx the leaves and ‘nightshade’ is derived from the c. 1 cm long at anthesis; tube 5 mm long, more Anglo-Saxon name for nightshades, ‘nihtscada’ or less 5-ribbed by nerves of 5 subulate lobes, (Parsons and Cuthbertson 1992). Other vernacu- whole enlarging in fruit. Corolla 2–3 cm diam- lar names are meloncillo del campo, tomatillo, eter, rotate-stellate, often reflexed, blue, rarely white horsenettle, bullnettle, silver-leaf horsenet- pale blue, white, deep purple, or pinkish. Anthers tle, tomato weed, sand brier, trompillo, melon- 5–8 mm long, slender, tapered towards apex, cillo, revienta caballo, silver-leaf nettle, purple yellow, conspicuous, erect, not coherent; fila- nightshade, white-weed, western horsenettle, ments 3–4 mm long.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened and Endangered Species Coorespondence
    APPENDIXF THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES CORRESPONDENCE INTRODUCTION Forest Service policy regarding Biological Evaluaitons is summarized in Forest Service Manual (FSM) 2672.4. The intent of the Bilogical Evaluation process is to assess the potential impacts of propsed management activities, and ensure that such activities will not jeopardize the continued existence of: 1. Species listed, or proposed to be listed, as Engangered or Threatened by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and 2. Species designated as sensitive by the Regional Forester. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT Project Area The Sioux Ranger District proposes to update allotment management plans for 11 domestic livestock allotments on National Forest System lands in the North and South Cave Hills and East Short Pine land units. The decision associated with this proposal and analysis wi" determine where livestock can graze, when grazing wi" occur and what specific guidelines will be established to regulate the intensity (timing and duration) of grazing. The analysis area includes about 17,700 National Forest acres. The climate is continental and semi-arid, with large seasonal and daily temperature variations being common. Most of the rainfall during the summer is from thunderstorms; flash flooding can occur form the more severe thunderstorms. Streamflow is erratic with most streams being intermittant in nature. Ecological units include hardwood draws, Ponderosa bench and slope, upland, rolling, and table top grassland, rockland, and rimrocks. Detailed information regarding plant community composition and location is found elsewhere in the environmental analysis for this proposed action. Field surveys have been conducted within or adjacent to the project area by Linda Spencer, Kim Reid, Jeff DiBenedetto, and Tim McGarvey during the 2001 field season (s).
    [Show full text]
  • El PINGUICO NI43-101
    NI 43-101 TECHNICAL REPORT FOR EL PINGUICO PROJECT GUANAJUATO MINING DISTRICT, MEXICO Guanajuato City, Guanajuato State Mexico Nearby Central coordinates 20°58' Latitude N, 101°13' longitude W Prepared for VANGOLD RESOURCES LTD. 1780-400 Burrard Street Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3A6 Report By: Carlos Cham Domínguez, C.P.G. Consulting Geological Engineer Effective Date: February 28, 2017 1 DATE AND SIGNATURE PAGE AUTHOR CERTIFICATION I, Carlos Cham Domínguez, am Certified Professional Geologist and work for FINDORE S.A. DE C.V. located at Marco Antonio 100, col. Villa Magna, San Luis Potosi, S.L.P., Mexico 78210. This certificate applies to the technical report entitled NI 43-101 Technical Report for El Pinguico Project, Guanajuato Mining District, Mexico, with an effective date of February 28, 2017. I am a Certified Professional Geologist in good standing with the American Institute of Professional Geologists (AIPG) with registration number CPG-11760. I graduated with a bachelor degree in Geology from the Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí (Mexico) in 2003. I graduated with a MBA (finance) degree from the Universidad Tec Milenio (Mexico) in 2012 and I have a diploma in Mining and Environment from the University Miguel de Cervantes (Spain) in 2013. I have practiced my profession continuously for 13 years and have been involved in: mineral exploration and mine geology on gold and silver properties in Mexico. As a result of my experience and qualifications, I am a Qualified Person as defined in National Instrument 43-101. I visited the El Pinguico Project between the 2nd and 5th of January, 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Genus Hoffmannseggia (Leguminosae)
    NUMBER 9 SIMPSON AND ULIBARRI: SYNOPSIS OF HOFFMANNSEGGIA 7 A SYNOPSIS OF THE GENUS HOFFMANNSEGGIA (LEGUMINOSAE) Beryl B. Simpson and Emilio A. Ulibarri Integrative Biology and Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712 USA Instituto de Botanica Darwinion, IBODA-CONICET, C.C. 22 (Labarden 200), Bl642HYD San Isidro, Argentina Abstract: The genus Hoffmannseggia Cav., now recognized as a monophyletic group distinct from Caesalpinia and Pomaria, consists of 22 species and is amphitropically distributed between North and South America, with 11 species in arid and semi-arid areas of the southwestern USA and adjacent Mexico, and 12 species in southern South America. Recent publications have provided a revision of Hoffmannseggia for North America, a resolved phylogeny, and an analysis of the biogeography of the genus, but there is to date no treatment of all of the taxa. Here we present a key to the genus and its closest relatives, a key to all of the recognized taxa, typification, distributional data for each species, selected specimens examined for the South American taxa, and notes where appropriate. Keywords: Caesalpinia, Caesalpinieae, Hoffmannseggia, Fabaceae, Leguminosae. Resumen: El genero Hoffmannseggia, actualmente reconocido como un grupo mo­ nofiletico distinto de Caesalpinia y Pomaria dentro de Caesalpinieae, consiste en 22 especies con distribuci6n anfitropical en zonas semi-aridas y aridas de Norte y Su­ damerica. De ellas, 11 especies se encuentran en el sudoeste de U. S. A. y norte de Mexico; las otras 12 en America del Sur, creciendo en las zonas andinas y semide­ serticas del Peru, Bolivia, Chile y Argentina. Recientes publicaciones por uno de los autores (B.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List
    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
    [Show full text]
  • Anatomical Study of Seed and Fruit Morphology of an Invasive Weed Buffalobur (Solanum Rostratum Dunal)
    Pak. J. Bot., DOI: 10.30848/PJB2019-1(12) ANATOMICAL STUDY OF SEED AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY OF AN INVASIVE WEED BUFFALOBUR (SOLANUM ROSTRATUM DUNAL) LONG YANG1,2†, HONGJUAN HUANG1†, MUHAMMAD SAEED3, ZHAOFENG HUANG1, CUILAN JIANG1, CHAOXIAN ZHANG1, MUHAMMAD ISHFAQ KHAN3, IMTIAZ KHAN3 AND SHOUHUI WEI1* 1Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing-China 2Plant Protection and Quarantine Station of Tianjin, Tianjin-China 3Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan †The first two authors contributed equally to this work *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Abstract Solanum rostratum Dunal, commonly known as buffalobur, is an invasive species in China. It caused significant damage to natural ecosystem, agricultural production and human health in many countries. Seed and fruit morphology of S. rostratum were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and stereomicroscope. The seed surface of S. rostratum was characterized by palisading hair-like structures which surrounded each depressed cellular reticula. Two types of ultrastructure were firstly observed on the surface of reticula, differing in arrangements of fingerlike projections and the number of tilted holes. A visible cavity was found between endosperm and micropyle region. Knowledge obtained in this study would provide useful information in identification of Solanum species in plant quarantine and understanding its wide adaption to the environments. Key words: Solanaceae, Solanum rostratum, Seed coat, Reticula, Ultrastructure. Introduction microstructure of seed coat and inner structures related to germination and to provide useful guidance for Solanum rostratum Dunal is a member of Solanaceae identification and classification of this species. family and is commonly known as buffalobur, Kansas thistle and Texas thistle (Anon., 2018).
    [Show full text]
  • Buzzing Bees and the Evolution of Sexual Floral Dimorphism in Australian Spiny Solanum
    BUZZING BEES AND THE EVOLUTION OF SEXUAL FLORAL DIMORPHISM IN AUSTRALIAN SPINY SOLANUM ARTHUR SELWYN MARK School of Agriculture Food & Wine The University of Adelaide This thesis is submitted in fulfillment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June2014 1 2 Table of Contents List of Tables........................................................................................................... 6 List of Figures ......................................................................................................... 7 List of Boxes ......................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 11 Declaration ............................................................................................................ 14 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 15 Chapter One - Introduction ................................................................................... 18 Floral structures for animal pollination .......................................................... 18 Specialisation in pollination .................................................................... 19 Specialisation in unisexual species ......................................................... 19 Australian Solanum species and their floral structures .................................. 21 Floral dimorphisms ................................................................................
    [Show full text]