DOCSLIB.ORG

ENSR. 2007, Impingement Mortality and Entrainment Characterization Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ENSR. 2007, Impingement Mortality and Entrainment Characterization Study Attachment 38 to GNRO-2012/00039 Attachment 38 to GNRO-2012/00039 ENSR. 2007. Impingement Mortality and Entrainment Characterization Study (IMECS), Entergy -Waterford 3. December 2007. Impingement Mortality and Entrainment Characterization Study (IMECS) Entergy - Waterford 3 ENSR Corporation December 2007 Document No.: 00970-027-300 ENSR Prepared for: Entergy Operations, Inc. Impingement Mortality and Entrainment Characterization Study (IMECS) Entergy - Louisiana -A' • ;"- "x I'•', •' .. ' "" / Prepared By: Kurtis Schlicht Reviewed By: Robert D. Carpenter ENSR Corporation December 2007 Document No.: 00970-027-300 ENSR ,"v ENSR I A\1:.4F!! V Contents Executive Sum m ary .......................................................................................................................................... vi 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Statement bf IMECS Goals ...................................................................................... ...... 1-1 1.1.1 Strategy Relative to the 2nd Circuit Court Decision and EPA Suspension of the Rule.. 1-1 1.1.2 Requirements from the Suspended Rule ......................................................................... 1-1 1.1.3 Strategy to Address the Rule's Requirements .................................................................. 1-2 1.1.4 Support Issues Specific to Compliance Alternative .......................................................... 1-2 1.2 Review of Facility and COS ............................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 Document Organization .................................................................................................................. 1-4 2.0 Habitat Review .......................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1 Plant Locations ................................................................................................................................ 2-2 2.2 Habitat Summary ............................................................................................................................. 2-3 2.2.1 W aterford 3 ........................................................................................................................ 2-3 2.2.2 W aterford 1 & 2 .................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.3 W illow Glen .............................................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.4 Baxter W ilson ..................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.2.5 Ninem ile ............................................................................................................................. 2-6 2.2.6 Little Gypsy ........................................................................................................................ 2-6 2.2.7 Gerald Andrus .................................................................................................................... 2-7 2 .2 .8 R itch ie ................................................................................................................................ 2 -7 3.0 Review of Data .......................................................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1.1 The existing LMR data are sufficient to characterize the aquatic community, impingement mortality (IM) rates and seasonality of impingement ................................ 3-1 3.1.2 Life Stage and Taxonomy Data for all Species in the LM R ............................................. 3-4 3.1.3 Fish and Other Aquatic Species Distribution ................................................................ 3-4 3.1.4 Abundance of Species Most Com monly Impinged .......................................................... 3-4 3.1.5 Impingement rates at Waterford 3 are estimated to be low and IM will have no long lasting consequences to the populations of impinged fish ....................................... 3-5 3.2 General Trends Relevant to Plant, Compliance Strategy .............................................................. 3-5 3.2.1 Overall Trends ................................................................................................................... 3-5 3.2.2 Timing and M ethods .......................................................................................................... 3-7 3.2.3 Rates of IM......................................................................................................................... 3-7 3.3 Characterization of Susceptible Species and Life Stages ............................................................. 3-7 3.3.1 Overview of LMR Fisheries ............................................................................................... 3-7 3.3.2 Spatial Differences in the LMR Fisheries .......................................................................... 3-9 Repot No. 00970-027-300 ji Deoem-rder 2007 ENSR r 3.3.3 Dom inant Species Im pinged in the LM R ........................................................................ 3-15 3.3.4 Threatened and Endangered Species ............................................................................ 3-19 3.3.5 Other Considerations that Might Drive Additional Concerns .......................................... 3-21 3.4 M ethods of Extrapolation from Historical Data ............................................................................. 3-21 3.4.1 Review of Data Relevance .............................................................................................. 3-21 3.4.2 Method of Extrapolation ................................................................................................... 3-24 3.4.3 Discussion of Uncertainty ................................................................................................ 3-24 4,0 Data Interpretation ................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Current Im pingem ent Study Performed at the Waterford 1&2 Plant ............................................. 4-1 4.2 Overview of Relevant Studies ......................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Taxonom ic Identifications ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.2.2 Characterization of Life Stages ......................................................................................... 4-2 4.2.3 Documentations of Current IM and E Rates ..................................................................... 4-5 4.3 Definition of Perform ance Basis ..................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.1 Target Species ................................................................................................................... 4-6 4.3.2 Num bers vs. Biomass ........................................................................................................ 4-7 4.4 Estimation of Current Performance Relative to the Calculation Baseline ................................... 4-11 4.4.1 Review of CWIS Structure and O peration ...................................................................... 4-11 4.4.2 Im pingem ent M ortality ..................................................................................................... 4- 11 5.0 Sum mary and Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 5-1 6.0 References ................................................................................................................................................ 6-1 List of Appendices Appendix A Literature Review Appendix B Detailed Rare, Threatened and Endangered Species Information Appendix C Comparative Analysis of Impingement Mortality Studies Report Report No. 00970-027-300 iii December 2007 ENSR .. List of Tables Table 1. Description of Aquatic Habitats in the Lower Mississippi River Table 2. Summary of Historical Impingement Studies at Entergy's Power Plants Table 3. Summary of Species Dominating Historic Impingement Table 4. Length, Weight, Survival, and Swimming Speed Characterisbcs for Species Commonly Impinged at Entergy's Power Plants Table 5. Potential for Threatened and Endangered Species to Inhabit the Waters in Vicinity of Entergy's Power Plants Located on the Lower Mississippi River Table 6 Combined Lists of Species Impinged at Waterford 1 & 2, Willow Glen, and Baxter Wilson Table 7 Results of Ambient Fisheries Assessment of Grand Gulf and Waterford 3 Plants Table 8 Mean Sizes of Fish Impinged at Power Plants Located on the Lower Mississippi River Table 9 Density and Abundance Estimates for Rivers Across the World List of Figures Figure 1. Location Map for Entergy Plants Located on the Lower Mississippi River Figure 2. Aquatic Habitat Map for Waterford 3 Figure 3. Aquatic Habitat Map for Waterford 1 & 2 Figure 4. Aquatic Habitat Map for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Luth Wfu 0248D 10922.Pdf
    SCALE-DEPENDENT VARIATION IN MOLECULAR AND ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS OF INFECTION FOR ENDOHELMINTHS FROM CENTRARCHID FISHES BY KYLE E. LUTH A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY GRADAUTE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Biology May 2016 Winston-Salem, North Carolina Approved By: Gerald W. Esch, Ph.D., Advisor Michael V. K. Sukhdeo, Ph.D., Chair T. Michael Anderson, Ph.D. Herman E. Eure, Ph.D. Erik C. Johnson, Ph.D. Clifford W. Zeyl, Ph.D. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my PI, Dr. Gerald Esch, for all of the insight, all of the discussions, all of the critiques (not criticisms) of my works, and for the rides to campus when the North Carolina weather decided to drop rain on my stubborn head. The numerous lively debates, exchanges of ideas, voicing of opinions (whether solicited or not), and unerring support, even in the face of my somewhat atypical balance of service work and dissertation work, will not soon be forgotten. I would also like to acknowledge and thank the former Master, and now Doctor, Michael Zimmermann; friend, lab mate, and collecting trip shotgun rider extraordinaire. Although his need of SPF 100 sunscreen often put our collecting trips over budget, I could not have asked for a more enjoyable, easy-going, and hard-working person to spend nearly 2 months and 25,000 miles of fishing filled days and raccoon, gnat, and entrail-filled nights. You are a welcome camping guest any time, especially if you do as good of a job attracting scorpions and ants to yourself (and away from me) as you did on our trips.
    [Show full text]
  • Variation of the Spotted Sunfish, Lepomis Punctatus Complex
    Variation of the Spotted Sunfish, Lepomis punctatus Complex (Centrarehidae): Meristies, Morphometries, Pigmentation and Species Limits BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY The scientific publication of the Alabama Museum of Natural History. Richard L. Mayden, Editor, John C. Hall, Managing Editor. BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY is published by the Alabama Museum of Natural History, a unit of The University of Alabama. The BULLETIN succeeds its predecessor, the MUSEUM PAPERS, which was terminated in 1961 upon the transfer of the Museum to the University from its parent organization, the Geological Survey of Alabama. The BULLETIN is devoted primarily to scholarship and research concerning the natural history of Alabama and the midsouth. It appears irregularly in consecutively numbered issues. Communication concerning manuscripts, style, and editorial policy should be addressed to: Editor, BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, The University of Alabama, Box 870340, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0340; Telephone (205) 348-7550. Prospective authors should examine the Notice to Authors inside the back cover. Orders and requests for general information should be addressed to Managing Editor, BULLETIN ALABAMA MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, at the above address. Numbers may be purchased individually; standing orders are accepted. Remittances should accompany orders for individual numbers and be payable to The University of Alabama. The BULLETIN will invoice standing orders. Library exchanges may be handled through: Exchange Librarian, The University of Alabama, Box 870266, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0340. When citing this publication, authors are requested to use the following abbreviation: Bull. Alabama Mus. Nat. Hist. ISSN: 0196-1039 Copyright 1991 by The Alabama Museum of Natural History Price this number: $6.00 })Il{ -w-~ '{(iI1 .....~" _--.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet Analysis and Community Characteristics of Lepomis (Sunfish) Species Congregating Near Natural Spring Vents of the Rainbow R
    Diet analysis and community characteristics of Lepomis (sunfish) species congregating near natural spring vents of the Rainbow River, Florida by Michael S. Sears A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Geography College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida St. Petersburg Major Professor: James Gore, Ph.D. Randy Edwards, Ph.D. Melanie Riedinger-Whitmore, Ph.D. Date of Approval: November 1, 2010 Keywords: natural spring vents, Lepomis , stomach content, spring-fed river, diversity, electroshocking, stomach pump Copyright © 2010, Michael S. Sears Table of Contents List of Tables ............................................................................................................ ii List of Figures ......................................................................................................... iii Abstract ................................................................................................................... iv Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 Materials & Methods ............................................................................................ 12 Study Site .................................................................................................... 12 Sampling Methods ....................................................................................... 17 Electroshocking Sampling Methods
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist of Texas Fresh-Water Fishes By
    A Checklist of I Texas Fresh-Water Fishes By CLARK HUBBS Department of Zoology The University of Texas DIVISION OF INLAND FISHERIES TEXAS GAME AND FISH COMMISSION Austin, Texas Marion Toole, Director IF Series - No. 3 Revised Dec. 1958 FOREWORD A checklist of Texas fresh-water fishes by CLARK HUBBS This checklist is modified from that of Hubbs (1957a). A number of changes have been made in nomenclature. Notropis roseus and N. deliciosus have been changed to N. texanus and N. strarnineus, re­ spectively, following Suttkus (1958). Etheostorna whipplei and E. m·tesiae have been changed to E. radiosum following a re-examina­ tion of available material. Two species have been added, Garnbusia senilis, following Hubbs (1958), and Eucinoslornus argenteus, a marine species collected in a .coastal stream near Brownsville. Two species which had not been described in the previous checklist are given their names, Gambusia geiseri, following Hubbs and Springer (1957), and G. helerochir, following Hubbs (1957b). The primary difference between the checklists is the addition of information on the distribution of fishes within the state to this list. The general concepts follow those given in a previous report (Hubbs, 1957c), but emphasize the ranges of the individual species rather than the distributional patterns. The range designations follow the common names of all species. The numbers refer to the modified game areas shovvn on the map. If the fish inhabits only a part of the area, it is so designated by preceding the number with letters (N. for north, etc.) indicating· the pai·t of the area inhabited by the species.
    [Show full text]
  • FERC Project No. 13102-003
    FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HYDROPOWER LICENSE Demopolis Lock and Dam Hydroelectric Project FERC Project No. 13102-003 Alabama Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Office of Energy Projects Division of Hydropower Licensing 888 First Street, NE Washington, D.C. 20426 July 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ iv LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................ viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................ x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xii 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Application .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of Action and Need For Power ........................................................ 1 1.2.1 Purpose of Action ............................................................................ 1 1.2.2 Need for Power ................................................................................ 2 1.3 Statutory and Regulatory Requirements ....................................................... 4 1.3.1 Federal Power Act ........................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Clean Water Act .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ecomorphology of Centrarchid Fishes D
    Cooke Jayshree c13 V1-12/10/2008 11:37pm P.70 Chapter 3 Ecomorphology of centrarchid fishes D. C. Collar and P. C. Wainwright 3.1 Introduction From the ecologist’s perspective, centrarchid fishes are widely recognized as a model system for investigating the role of phenotypic variation in shaping ecological patterns. To the ichthyologist, this group is considered among the most morphologically and ecologically diverse of North America’s freshwater ichthyofauna. This chapter is intended to bring these perspectives together, highlighting the contributions of studies linking resource use patterns to morphology in order to make sense of the ecological, functional, and morphological diversity exhibited within the Centrarchidae. We review literature on feeding and on locomotion. Historically, the diversity represented within this radiation helped inspire the development of ecomorphology, a research perspective that investigates hypothesized associations between organismal design and ecology. Working independently, Werner (1974, 1977) and Keast (1978, 1985; Keast and Webb 1967) were among the first to point out a general associa- tion between head and body form and resource use in centrarchid species. Using bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus), and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to represent the range of ecologi- cal and morphological diversity in centrarchids, Werner and coworkers developed the first mechanistic insights into the implications of variation in body and head morphology. The diversity of form and feeding habits represented by bluegill, largemouth bass, black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus), and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris) motivated Keast’s proposal that different suites of morphological features confer varying prey capture and habitat use capabil- ities on these species and that these differences underlie the capacity for these species to coexist in sympatry.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepomis Spp. Technical Note Prepared by IUCN for the European Commission
    Information on measures and related costs in relation to species considered for inclusion on the Union list This technical note has been drafted by a team of experts under the supervision of IUCN within the framework of the contract No 07.0202/2016/739524/SER/ENV.D.2 “Technical and Scientific support in relation to the Implementation of Regulation 1143/2014 on Invasive Alien Species”. The information and views set out in this note do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. The Commission does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this note. Neither the Commission nor any person acting on the Commission’s behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. This document shall be cited as: Zogaris, S.2017. Information on measures and related costs in relation to species considered for inclusion on the Union list: Lepomis spp. Technical note prepared by IUCN for the European Commission. This technical note provides information on the effectiveness of measures, alongside the required effort and resources, used to prevent the introduction, and to undertake early detection, rapid eradication, and management for the invasive alien species under review. Each table represents a separate measure. Date of completion: 04/12/2017 Comments which could support improvement of this document are welcome. Please send your comments by e-mail to [email protected] Species (scientific name) Genus: Lepomis (Rafinesque,
    [Show full text]
  • Relative Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Lepomid Sunfishes in the Peace River
    University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2011 Relative Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Lepomid Sunfishes in the eaceP River Justin Henry Heller University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the American Studies Commons, Aquaculture and Fisheries Commons, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Natural Resources Management and Policy Commons Scholar Commons Citation Heller, Justin Henry, "Relative Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Lepomid Sunfishes in the Peace River" (2011). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3147 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Relative Abundance and Spatial Distribution of Lepomid Sunfishes in the Peace River by Justin H. Heller A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science Department of Geography, Environment and Planning College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Joni Downs, Ph.D. Kamal Alsharif, Ph.D. Philip Reeder, Ph.D. Date of Approval March 24, 2011 Keywords: Bluegill, Redear, Spotted Sunfish, Lepomis, Peace River Copyright © 2011, Justin H. Heller i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members Dr. Downs, Dr. Alsharif and Dr. Reeder for all your comments and suggestions for improving this manuscript. Special thanks to my advisor Dr. Downs for your help with the statistical analysis and for all your words of encouragement over the past year.
    [Show full text]
  • The Functioning AFS Network Bill Fisher Reflects As His Year As President of AFS Comes to an End
    VOL 37 NO 8 FisheriesAmerican Fisheries Society • www.fisheries.org AUG 2012 Translocating Adult Pacific Lamprey Standardized Monitoring of Fish Populations Demographic Diversity in Natural Resource Science Professions Tilapia in South India Annual Report Inside 03632415(2012)37(8) Specializing in RFID products, expert customer service & biological consulting to the fisheries, wildlife & conservation communities for over 20 years. BIOMARK MULTIPLEXING TRANSCEIVER SYSTEM (IS1001-MTS) Biomark’s Multiplexing Transceiver System FS1001M “MUX” IS1001 “ACN” IS1001-MC (IS1001-MTS) is our newest stationary Input Voltage 24V DC 24V DC range 18–30V DC 24V DC range 18–30V DC reader; providing decoding of ISO Antenna Current 7.0 Ap-p 10.0 Ap-p 10.0 Ap-p 11784/11785 compliant FDX-B & HDX PIT tags. The MTS provides improved Auto-tuning 12 capacitors, 10 capacitors, 10 capacitors, electronically switched electronically switched electronically switched performance, with respect to detection range and number of antennas, over Tags Read 134.2 FDX-B 134.2 FDX-B & HDX 134.2 FDX-B & HDX the current FS1001M stationary reader. Virtual Test Tag Yes, digitally adjustable Yes, digitally adjustable Yes, digitally adjustable The MTS consists of a Master Controller Data Storage 1 x 128 KB: 5350 tags; 2 x 128 KB: 8900 tags; 2 x 128 KB: 15,600 tags; (IS1001-MC) and up to 12 IS1001 reader 146 status reports 151 status reports 151 status reports boards. The IS1001-MC acts as the Antenna Connections 6, multiplexed 1 12, multiplexed/synchronized command and control center for the Communication 1: RS232, DB-9 2 standard USB (Mini-B), 2 standard USB (Mini-B), system, directing each reader when to Ports CAN Bus.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Fishes of Caddo and Bossier Parishes, Louisiana
    BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF LIFE SCIENCES NUMBER 3 CHECKLIST OF THE FISHES OF CADDO AND BOSSIER PARISHES, LOUISIANA LAURENCE M. HARDY AND WILLIAM H. LEGRANDE SHREVEPORT LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY IN SHREVEPORT 1979 Numbers of the BULLETIN OF THE MUSEUM OF LIFE SCIENCES are published at irregular intervals. Articles concerning any aspect of the natural history, systematics, or ecology of the flora and fauna of the southeastern United States are acceptable. Laurence M. Hardy, Editor Communications concerning manuscripts, the purchase or exchange of any number of the BULLETIN, or any editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Museum of Life Sciences, Louisiana State University in Shreveport, 8515 Youree Drive, Shreveport, Louisiana 71115. Date of publication: October 1, 1979 Price for this issue 50¢ This public document was published at a cost of 47 cents per copy by Louisiana State Uni- versity in Shreveport to inform citizens of Louisiana under authority of the Louisiana State Constitution. This material was printed in accordance with the standards for printing by state agencies pursuant to R.S. 43:31. Printing of this material was purchased in accordance with the provisions of Title 43 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes. BULLETIN of the MUSEUM OF LIFE SCIENCES Number 3, Pages 1-12 October 1. 1979 CHECKLIST OF THE FISHES OF CADDO AND BOSSIER PARISHES, LOUISIANA LAURENCE M. HARDY Museum of Life Sciences Louisiana State University in Shreveport 8515 Youree Drive Shreveport, Louisiana 71115 WILLIAM H. LEGRANDE Department of Biology University of Wisconsin/Stevens Point Stevens Point, Wisconsin 54481 Copyright @ 1979 by Louisiana State University in Shreveport 1979 HARDY AND LEGRANDE: CHECKLIST OF FISHES 3 INTRODUCTION SOURCES OF INFORMATION Species are included in this list on the basis Bossier Parish or on published records in the of museum specimens (examined by one or both scientific literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Native and Nonnative Freshwater Fish Interactions in a Stressful Dry Down Environment Vanessa Trujillo Florida International University, [email protected]
    Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 3-27-2017 Jewels for Dollars: Native and Nonnative Freshwater Fish Interactions in a Stressful Dry Down Environment Vanessa Trujillo Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC001758 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Behavior and Ethology Commons, and the Integrative Biology Commons Recommended Citation Trujillo, Vanessa, "Jewels for Dollars: Native and Nonnative Freshwater Fish Interactions in a Stressful Dry Down Environment" (2017). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3212. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3212 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida JEWELS FOR DOLLARS: NATIVE AND NONNATIVE FRESHWATER FISH INTERACTIONS IN A STRESSFUL DRY DOWN ENVIRONMENT A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in BIOLOGY by Vanessa Trujillo 2017 To: Dean Michael R. Heithaus College of Arts, Sciences and Education This dissertation, written by Vanessa Trujillo, and entitled Jewels for Dollars: Native and Nonnative Freshwater Fish Interactions in a Stressful Dry Down Environment, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. M. Danielle McDonald John C. Withey Robert Lickliter Jennifer S.
    [Show full text]
  • Alabama Charles Lydeard University of Alabama
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aquila Digital Community Gulf of Mexico Science Volume 17 Article 9 Number 2 Number 2 1999 Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama Charles Lydeard University of Alabama Jeffrey T. Garner Alabama Game and Fish Division Paul Hartfield U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey DOI: 10.18785/goms.1702.09 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Lydeard, C., J. T. Garner, P. Hartfield and J. D. Williams. 1999. Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama. Gulf of Mexico Science 17 (2). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol17/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lydeard et al.: Freshwater Mussels in the Gulf Region: Alabama SHORT PAPERS AND NOTES 125 focus on gaming a better understanding of been introduced into the waters of North Amer­ overall mussel genetics as well as examine the ica. All of these species compete with native problems or benefits of mixing gene pools that mussels for food and space. The Asiatic clam is have been isolated for less than a century. An­ well established in the southeastern United other potential problem that should be inves­ States. Though the Asiatic clam can reach den­ tigated is flooding populations with specimens sities of several hundred per square meter, na­ propagated from too few individuals.
    [Show full text]