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FAO Sheets Fishing Area 51

14b. Body not uniformly coloured

22a. Light or dark oblique lines, but no longitu- dinal lines or spots on body

23a. Oblique lines run downward and for- ward (Fig.22) ...... P. paulayi

Plectorhinchus paulayi Fig.22 23b. Oblique lines run downward and back- ward

19 or 20 24a. rays 19 or 20; body rays grey to black with 4 narrow white crossbars (Fig.23) ...... P. playfairi

24b. Dorsal fin rays 15 or 16; body with alternate dark and orange- reddish crossbars or stripes (Fig.16) ...... P. plagiodesmus

22b. Body with spots and/or longitudinal stripes playfairi Fig.23

25a. Body with distinct spots 15 or 16 rays

26a. Soft dorsal fin rays 15 or 16; colour greyish brown, with large round black spots on posterior two thirds of body (Fig.24) ...... ….. P. pictus

26b. Soft dorsal fin rays 17 to 22 Plectorhinchus pictus Fig.24 - 8 -

FAO Sheets HAEMULIDAE Fishing Area 51

27a. Gillrakers on lower limb of first arch 22 to 24; body with numerous dark brown to black spots about as large as pupil (Fig.25) ...... …. P. picus (adult)

27b. Gillrakers on lower limb of first arch 20 or less

28a. Body with orange, gold, or rust coloured spots; head with narrow,

undulating yellow to rust coloured lines (Fig.26) ...... ….... P. flavomaculatus Plectorhinchus picus Fig.25 (adult)

28b. Body silvery, with many black spots smaller than pupil; fins yellowish, with black spots (Fig.27) ...... …...... P. gaterinus (adult)

25b. Colour pattern including large blotches, longi- tudinal stripes and/or small spots

29a. Body with large blotches Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus Fig.26

30a. Gillrakers on lower limb of first arch 25 to 31 (Fig.28). P. chaetodonoides (juvenile)

30b. Gillrakers on lower limb of first arch less than 25

Plectorhinchus gaterinus Fig.27 (adult)

Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Fig.28 (juvenile) - 9 -

FAO Sheets HAEMULIDAE Fishing Area 51

31a. Thirteen dorsal fin spines; light areas with darker spots which elongate and change into dark horizontal stripes; pectoral fin black or with black blotches (Fig.29) ...... P. orientalis (juvenile)

31b. Twelve dorsal fin spines; light areas with or without dark spots; black areas break up into dark spots; pectoral fin pale (Fig.30) ………………………………………….. P. picus (juvenile)

Plectorhinchus orientalis Fig.29 29b. No large blotches on body (juvenile)

32a. Regular dark or light horizontal stripes along body

33a.Stripes horizontal on body and across snout (Fig.31) ...... P. orientalis (adult) Plectorhinchus picus Fig.30 (juvenile) 33b. Stripes on body horizontal but bending downward and converging on snout

34a. Three light bands, the upper and the middle bent down- ward on head (Fig.32) ..... P. albovittatus

34b. Four or more horizontal Plectorhinchus orientalis Fig.31 bands on body (adult)

Plectorhinchus albovittatus Fig.32 - 10 -

FAO Sheets HAEMULIDAE Fishing Area 51

35a. Pelvic fin longer than pectoral fin (Fig.33) ...... ……... P. gaterinus (juvenile)

35b. Pelvic fin shorter than pectoral fin

36a. Dorsal fin with 22 soft rays (Fig.34) ... P. lineatus

36b. Dorsal fin with 20 soft rays Plectorhinchus gaterinus Fig.33 (Fig.35) ...... P. gaterinoides (juvenile)

32b. Yellow stripes along body or on head only

37a. Head with yellow stripes; body uniform or spotted with gold or orange (Fig.36) ...... P. flavomaculatus (adult) adult

37b. Head and body with grayish longitudinal stripes (Fig.37) .... P. polytaenia juvenile

Plectorhinchus lineatus Fig.34

Plectorhinchus gaterinoides Fig.35

Plectorhinchus polytaenia Fig.37

Plectorninchus flavomaculatus (adult) Fig.36

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FAO Sheets HAEMULIDAE Fishing Area 51

LIST OF OCCURRING IN THE AREA:

Code numbers are given for these species for which Identification Sheets are included

Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1795) HEAM Diag 1 (=POMAD Plect 1, Areas 57/71) Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell, 1835) Plectorhinchus ceylonensis (Smith, 1956) HAEM Plect 4 Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepede, 1800 HAEM Plect 5 Plectorhinchus chubbi (Regan, 1919) HAEM Plect 6 Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Ehrenberg, 1830) HAEM Plect 7 Plectorhinchus gaterinus (Forsskål, 1775) HAEM Plect 8 Plectorhinchus gibbosus (Lacepede,1802) HAEM Plect 9 Plectorhinchus griseus (Cuvier, 1830) HAEM Plect 10 Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Plectorhinchus obscurus (Günther, 1871) Plectorhinchus orientalis (Bloch, 1793) HAEM Plect 11 Plectorhinchus paulayi Steindachner,1895 HAEM Plect 12 Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese, 1935) HAEM Plect 13 Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier, 1830) HAEM Plect 14 Plectorhinchus plagiodesmus Fowler, 1935 HAEM Plect 15 Plectorhinchus playfairi (Pellegrin, 1914) HAEM Plect 16 Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker, 1852) HAEM Plect 17 Plectorhinchus schotaf (Forsskål, 1775) HAEM Plect 18 Plectorhinchus sordidus (Klunzinger, 1870) HAEM Plect 19 Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål; 1775) HAEM Pomad 9 Pomadasys argyreus (Valenciennes, 1833) HAEM Pomad 10 Pomadasys auritus (Cuvier, 1838) Pomadasys commersonni (Lacepede, 1802) HAEM Pomad 11 Pomadasys furcatus (Schneider, 1801) HAEM Pomad 12 (= Rhonciscus furcatus Schneider, 1801) Pomadasys kaakan (Cuvier, 1936) HAEM Pomad 13 (= POMAD Pomad 1, Areas 57/71) Pomadasys maculatum (Bloch, 1797) HAEM Pomad 2 (= POMAD Pomad 2, Areas 57/71) Pomadasys multimaculatum (Playfair, 1866) HAEM Pomad 14 Pomadasys olivaceum (Day, 1875) HAEM Pomad 15 Pomadasys striatus (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908) Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775) HAEM Pomad 16 (= Rhonciscus stridens, Forsskål, 1775)

Prepared by R.J. McKay, Queensland Museum, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, Australia HAEM PLATE I 1983 FAO Sheets Fishing Area 51

Plectorhinchus albovittatus 207 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Sri Lanka Palau Is.

Plectorhinchus chubbi 298 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus fangi 285 mm S.L. Sri Lanka Similan Is., Thailand

Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus 164 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus gaterinus 134 mm S.L. Kenya Mafia Is., Tanzania

Plectorhinchus gibbosus 277 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus obscurus 345 mm S.L. Seychelles Maldive Is. Photographs by J.E. Randall, B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA HAEM PLATE II 1983 FAO Sheets Fishing Area 51

Plectorhinchus orientalis 216 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus picus 540 mm S.L. Sri Lanka Lord Howe Is.

Plectorhinchus pictus (Tortonese) 182 mm S.L. Diagramma pictum (= Plectorhinchus pictus Thunberg) 504 mm S.L. - Red Sea

Plectorhinchus playfairi 372 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus polytaenia 223 mm S.L. Natal Sumilon Is., Philippines

Plectorhinchus schotaf 255 mm S.L. Plectorhinchus sordidus 237 mm S.L. Red Sea Gulf of Oman click for next page Photographs by J.E. Randall, B. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA