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5. Silvio Pellico View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Silvio Pellicos Le mie prigioni in der zeitgenössischen österreichischen und französischen Rezeption Verfasser Sebastian Siedler angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, im Mai 2010 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 393 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft Betreuer: Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Alfred Noe Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis .................................................................................................... 3 1. Vorwort............................................................................................................... 5 2. Die Theorie der Autobiographie....................................................................... 7 2.1. Definitionen der Autobiographie ................................................................... 8 2.2. Die Memoiren............................................................................................. 18 2.3. Die Autobiographie als historische Quelle.................................................. 22 3. Die politische Situation Italiens (1789-1870) ................................................. 27 3.1. Bis zum Wiener Kongress .......................................................................... 27 3.2. Der Wiener Kongress und die Restauration ............................................... 32 3.3. Der lange Weg zur Einigkeit....................................................................... 34 4. Die Romantik ................................................................................................... 37 4.1. Die Romantik in Italien ............................................................................... 38 4.1.1. Die italienische Erzählprosa der Romantik ............................................. 41 5. Silvio Pellico .................................................................................................... 44 5.1. Das Leben von Silvio Pellico ...................................................................... 44 5.2. Tätigkeit beim Conciliatore ......................................................................... 45 5.3. Überblick über das Werk Silvio Pellicos ..................................................... 48 6. Le mie prigioni................................................................................................. 51 6.1. Inhalt und Aufbau ....................................................................................... 52 6.2. Die Entstehung von Le mie prigioni ............................................................ 54 6.3. Die Rezeption in Italien direkt nach der Veröffentlichung........................... 58 6.3. Stil und Objektiviät...................................................................................... 62 7. Die offizielle österreichische Reaktion.......................................................... 67 7.1. Deutsche Übersetzungen der Prigioni ........................................................ 67 7.2. Exkurs: Die österreichische Zensur in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts......................................................................................................... 68 7.2.1. Die Zusammensetzung des Zensurapparates..................................... 68 7.2.2. Grundsätze der Zensur ....................................................................... 70 7.2.3. Die Zensur italienischer Schriften........................................................ 72 7.3. Die amtliche österreichische Reaktion ....................................................... 74 7.4. Propaganda und Gegenpropaganda.......................................................... 85 7.4.1. Mährisch-Schlesische Widerlegung .................................................... 85 3 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 7.4.2. Weitere Urteile über die Prigioni .......................................................... 88 7.5. Die Reaktion der anderen italienischen Staaten dargestellt am Beispiel der Toskana ................................................................................................................ 93 7.6. Im Gespräch – Metternich über den Spielberg und die prigionieri di stato . 97 7.7. Schlussbemerkung................................................................................... 104 8. Die zeitgenössische französische Rezeption ............................................. 106 8.1. Französische Übersetzungen................................................................... 106 8.1.1. Überblick ........................................................................................... 106 8.1.2. Übersetzungen für die Jugend .......................................................... 110 8.2. Die zeitgenössische Rezeption in Frankreich........................................... 120 8.2.1. Gründe für die starke Rezeption ....................................................... 120 8.2.2. Pietro Maroncelli ............................................................................... 122 8.2.3. Chateaubriand gegen Pellico ............................................................ 128 8.2.4. Alexandre Philippe Andryane – Gefangener am Spielberg ............... 139 8.3. Schlussbemerkung................................................................................... 147 9. Resümee ........................................................................................................ 149 10. Abstract.......................................................................................................... 153 10.1. Deutsche Fassung................................................................................ 153 10.2. English version ..................................................................................... 153 11. Bibliographie ................................................................................................. 155 11.1. Primärliteratur ....................................................................................... 155 11.2. Sekundärliteratur .................................................................................. 156 11.3. Aufsätze................................................................................................ 159 11.4. Websites............................................................................................... 162 12. Erklärungen ................................................................................................... 164 12.1. Eidesstattliche Erklärung ...................................................................... 164 12.2. Erklärung für geschlechtsneutrale Formulierung .................................. 164 13. Lebenslauf ..................................................................................................... 165 4 4 1. Vorwort 1. Vorwort Im kommenden Jahr, 2011, jährt sich zum 150. Mal die italienische Einheit. Doch bis es 1861 zu dieser Einigung kommen konnte, war es ein beschwerlicher Weg. Die italienische Halbinsel erlebte vom Wiener Kongress an immer wieder Erhebungen und Revolutionen, die jedoch jedes Mal niedergeschlagen wurden. Besonders hervorzuheben ist unter all diesen Bestrebungen die Gruppe um die Zeit- schrift Il Conciliatore , deren Mitglieder großteils wegen ihrer Zugehörigkeit zur Car- boneria 1820 verhaftet wurden. Unter ihnen befand sich Silvio Pellico, Dichter und Chefredakteur des Conciliatore . Seine Erinnerungen an seine Haft, die er hauptsäch- lich auf der Festung Spielberg bei Brünn verbüßte, veröffentlichte er 1832 unter dem Titel Le mie prigioni . Das Buch löste eine Welle des Mitgefühls aus, und Pellico wur- de dadurch eine Lichtgestalt des Risorgimento. Andere, vorrangig die österreichische Regierung, fanden an Pellicos Ausführungen weniger Gefallen, denn nicht nur die italienischen Patrioten, sondern Menschen in ganz Europa waren über die Schilde- rungen der Haftbedingungen schockiert. Doch wie sind Pellicos Prigioni zu bewerten? Handelt es sich tatsächlich um eine Anklageschrift gegen Österreich? Es stellt sich klarerweise auch die Frage, wie man mit den Informationen, die man aus einem literarischen Werk bezieht, umgehen soll. Ist eine Unterscheidung zwischen Roman und Autobiographie gerechtfertigt oder steht ohnehin bei beiden der künstlerische Aspekt im Vordergrund? Wie sonst selten in der Literaturgeschichte ist die Frage nach Wahrheit und historischer Korrektheit im Zusammenhang mit Le mie prigioni von oberster Priorität. Man begibt sich auf die Suche nach dem historischen Quellenwert einer Schrift, die eindeutig der Schönen Literatur zugeordnet werden kann, ohne sich zu fragen, ob das eigentlich möglich bzw. zielführend ist. Ist es in irgendeiner Weise relevant, ob ein Autor lügt oder die Wahrheit schreibt? Nicht zuletzt muss man sich fragen, ob es denn diese historische Korrektheit überhaupt geben kann. Und wo ist die Grenze zwischen Wahrheit und Wahrhaftigkeit? Diese Arbeit präsentiert in einem ersten Teil, neben einer theoretischen Einführung in die Autobiographie, den historischen und auch kulturellen Hintergrund vor dem Silvio Pellico Le mie prigioni verfasste. Nach einer Dokumentation über die Entstehung der Prigioni widmet sich der Hauptteil der vorliegenden Arbeit der zeitgenössischen Re- zeption in Österreich und Frankreich. Diese beiden Länder boten sich deshalb an, 5 5 1. Vorwort weil sie eine sehr gegensätzliche Stellung in der italienischen Einigungsbewegung einnahmen. Österreich galt als
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