TELEVISION PRODUCTION I
Program Overview:
The TV Production classes at Grosse Pointe North and South High Schools provide a studio setting for those students with a serious interest in pursuing a career in communications. The studio is equipped with up to date equipment, enabling students to become familiar with all aspects of broadcasting and the ability to create programs of community-wide interest.
Course Description:
Television Production I introduces students to the fundamental, technical, and creative aspects of television production, operation of equipment, camera and sound techniques, basic scriptwriting, graphics, and a variety of programming possibilities.
Through reading, watching, and analyzing film and television programs students will gain a critical awareness and knowledge of the television medium. Students will learn to write scripts through a series of steps designed to yield a shooting script that is production oriented and appropriate for a project, either assigned or created by the student. Students will collaborate to effectively communicate their message. They will function as a team to set program goals, creatively produce a TV product by applying their knowledge of current TV technology.
This course is designed with a focus on studio production which creates the foundation for future participation on GPTV News. It will provide students with opportunities to experience the total television production process. Further, it is important for students to learn by doing, inquiring, and discovering.
Course Requirements:
The text, other materials given, and the television laboratory equipment will provide the major structure for this course. Students will be evaluated on the following:
1. Completion of assigned worksheets 2. Quizzes on the worksheets and lectures 3. Completion and execution of assigned television productions 4. Participation in class and studio activities 5. Written or practical exams 6. Independent projects as assigned
Requirements for the course:
1. 3 Ring Binder (Lecture Packet Provided) 2. Pen, paper, pencils, etc.
Contact Information: Email: [email protected] Web Page: South Website / Departments / TV Production TV Production Materials: Located under your START MENU or My Document Folder
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ELECTRONIC MEDIA/RADIO-TELEVISION/BROADCASTING National Communications Association: Pathways to Careers in Communications
The field of broadcasting is going through a period of rapid change. One of the trends is the combination of radio and television with computers and interactivity. Even the title of the field is shifting from the present emphasis on broadcasting to electronic media, according to Louisa A. Nielsen of the Broadcast Education Association.
It is further anticipated that there will be a major job shift in the field from radio and television positions to non-broadcast video. Non-broadcast video includes the activities of corporations, health care centers, and educational organizations in producing newsletters, training materials, videos, commercials, and educational materials. Careers will encompass not only performance, but technical skills, including video graphics. Students will need to be thoroughly trained in the use of media.
Often considered to be a glamour industry because of the attention given to electronic broadcasters— network newscasters and talk show hosts—the radio-television field actually has more jobs off-camera and off-microphone than on-air. Many of these technical, sales, and administrative positions pay as well or better than those held by performers.
Those interested in on-air performance should be aware that many of the jobs are in small or rural communities at local stations and in independent production facilities, rather than with the networks. It is fairly common for performers to find their first job at one of the small broadcasting or production sites. Initial pay is often low or even unpaid as volunteer work or internships. Even at that, competition for jobs is often high.
Undergraduate and graduate enrollments in electronic media are increasing. Electronic media/radio- television/broadcasting programs can be found in departments with such diverse names as Communications, Mass Media, Mass Communication, and Radio-Television-Film.
Careers in electronic media/radio-television/broadcasting include: broadcasting station manager, director of broadcasting, film/tape librarian, community relations director, unit manager, film editor, news director, news writer, transmitter engineer, technical director, advertising sales coordinator, traffic/ continuity specialist, media buyer, market researcher, actor, announcer, disc jockey, news anchor, public relations manager, comedy writer, casting director, producer, business manager, researcher, account executive, floor manager, and talk show host.
Communication subjects that can enhance a career in electronic media/ radio- television/broadcasting include: oral communication, public speaking, print communication, interpersonal communication, introduction to mass communication, media research, studio and field production and direction for television/radio/film, script writing, editing, persuasion, nonverbal communication, media performance, oral interpretation, public relations, listening, media theory, media criticism, advertising, media law, communication ethics, campaigns, interviewing, and acting.
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UNIQUE FEATURES OF TELEVISION PRODUCTION
FUNDRAISER FOR THE PROGRAM: VIDEO YEARBOOK AND GRADUATION DVD Each school year, the Television Production class is funded by the proceeds generated producing the video yearbook and videotaping the Graduation Ceremony at the end of the school year. Throughout the school year, all television classes will be asked to help shoot events with a camcorder for either extra credit or class credit. Both DVDs are still available to be ordered by downloading the form from the TV Production website.
EDUCATIONAL ACCESS CHANNEL 20 / 902 Located outside the TV Studio of South High School is the GP Educational Access Channel 20 broadcast center. The purpose of digital channel is to allow the community to be informed and entertained through the replay of school events. Quality projects produced in all Television Production Classes will be aired in the evening during a designated scheduled time. The channel also broadcasts school events from the other buildings, school board meetings, and high school sporting events. A program guide will be consistently running on the graphic pages between programming. The station will be eventually video streamed on the district’s web page.
VIDEO CLUB The purpose of the club is to compile a group of dedicated students with the desire to experience different aspects of television and produce the video yearbook. Meetings are scheduled on a weekly basis. Each meeting consisted of a brief overview of the status of the production of the video yearbook and future agenda items a major goal is to coordinate a greater variety of activities, placing the members in actual work environments of television professionals.
REMOTE PRODUCTIONS The television production program produces several remote productions used for Channel 20 programming, such as sports & performance events. Students are the director to a cameraperson during the taping. Students earn extra credit for television production classes.
CHANNEL 18 Channel 18 is the designated in-house channel for South’s Video Announcements. This daily broadcast is recorded and edited in the TV studio of the TV Lab. Advance level students are the production crew and creative producers for the broadcast. GPTV NEWS is aired during the 4-minute designated time just prior to 3rd hour. It will also be broadcasted other student produced programming throughout the day.
AWARDS & CONTESTS Students throughout the years have won many awards for their accomplishments in Video and Television Production. The student film festivals are a perfect opportunity to showcase quality production work for others to view. Each year students have submitted entries to Detroit Area Film & Television (DAFT) Film Festival, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) PSA Contest, the Michigan Interscholastic Press Association (MIPA) Monthly Contest, and HBO for Kids film program.
GPTV Video On-Demand GPTV Video On-Demand is an online video site similar to Hulu or Comcast that allows students, the GP community and the world to view our student work. The site can only be accessed through Grosse Pointe Public Schools’ website. The videos are opened to be viewed in school and are formatted to be played back on many portable devices. This new addition to the class was launched in October 2010.
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Rules for TV Production
Students are responsible for class work and class equipment
RESPONSIBILITY All students are responsible for proper conduct and language, choice of content for projects, and professionalism during a production.
All students are expected to be punctual and ready to work! EXPECTATIONS
Students will hand in assignments on time! STUDIOUS Students will not practice plagiarism or cheating
Conduct or qualities that characterize a courteous, conscientious, in business- like manner. Students should treat the studio like it was the real PROFESSIONALISM world
Students should expect to be treated as they treat others EXAMPLE
Students will be civil and realize mistakes can happen. COURTESY
The ability to work in groups and assume different roles within that group by helping other students in need, participating in group activities and being an TEAMWORK active participant within the group
OTHER POLICIES: NO FOOD OR DRINK in the Control Room, Studio or Editing Room Water is allowed in the Classroom Only!
THE DIGITAL MEDIA LAB IS A NO TEXTING ZONE!
Each class is responsible for the clean up of the studio prior to end of the hour.
If any of the equipment fails, please alert Mr. Geresy immediately! If equipment is broken due to misuse or horsing around, the students involved are responsible for the financial replacement of the item damaged.
STUDENTS WILL NOT BE ALLOWED TO LEAVE CAMPUS FOR SHOOTING DURING CLASS. WALKING ACROSS THE STREET IS LEAVING SCHOOL GROUNDS
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Extra Credit Opportunities
Taping of a school event for Video Yearbook, GPTV News, and Sports Coverage
Shoot a scenic background
Editing for a TV Production related project outside of class for show or teacher
Active Video Club member
What is shooting a scenic background? Our Broadcaster Pix video switcher has a clip store built into the system. This allows us to have pre-loaded video clips available for use. A scenic background is video that is taken by students that can be used for credit rolls and openers. Subjects include:
Lake St. Clair: Daylight, Sunset, Morning, Winter, Fall, Close Up of Waves against shore, the Pier GP Sites: Lake Shore Drive, The Hill, The Village, Parks, War Memorial, Events, Yacht Club Michigan: Sites, monuments, lakes, rivers, seasons, festivals, museums, and industries Nature: Clouds, fish tanks, trees, rain, animals South High School: Events, Tower (Morning, sunset, evening), Hallways, Track and Fields, classrooms
Requirements: 5 Minutes of Non-Stop footage on a Tripod with no talking. Try different angles of the same subject. .5 Point per quality scenic background shot
Each event is based on the complexity of the event and the time devoted to setting up and videotaping the event. Most events range between 2 and 5 points toward your grade. All extra credit must be logged and signed by Mr. Geresy to count toward your quarter grade.
NAME: ______
SEMESTER/QUARTER: ______
Date Activity Points Initials
______
______
______
______
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Each student is responsible for: Compiling notes from lectures and study questions Production treatments, storyboards, and scripts Journal topics when assigned Quizzes and Tests
Students are required to bring a three-ring binder or folder for the class, which contains: Notebook papers and course packet.
The portfolio will be checked periodically during the semester. The journals will have separate due dates based on when assigned. They will be graded and given back to be placed in the binder. The grade will then be added into the binder grade.
Anticipated Point Breakdown for First Quarter:
Project scripts, notes, treatments and storyboards: Estimated: 20 %
Worksheets: Estimated: 25 %
Participation: Estimated: 5 %
Test and Quizzes: Estimated: 50 %
Anticipated Point Breakdown for Second Quarter:
Project scripts, notes, treatments and storyboards: Estimated: 70 %
Blog and Quizzes: Estimated: 20 %
Participation and Group Involvement: Estimated: 10 %
Participation & Tardiness: Participation is also a percentage of the overall quarter & semester grades. Participation includes working on projects, contributing to the planning with group, and being evolved with discussions in class. Another factor is tardiness. Due to a revision to the attendance policy, the tardy discipline rules have become the teacher’s responsibility. Tardiness is not tolerated. Excessive tardiness will be addressed on a case by case basis.
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Television Production I Projects
MEDIA LITERACY EXERCISES: The purpose of these assignments is to allow the examination and observation of the media. Rundowns, scripts, worksheets and viewing will be the foundation of reading the media.
INTERVIEW PROJECT: The purpose of the Interview Project is to introduce how the studio crew positions such as: the studio camera operator, audio engineer, director, the technical director and talent collaborate on a production shoot. The class will be divided into three groups. The requirements include: Filling out a crew list, scripting voiceover and questions, and finding music. The same production will be taped three times; however, the crew will rotate through all the major positions. The final component of the project will bring an interviewee to officially videotape during your class period for Channel 20.
RADIO COMMERCIAL PROJECT: This project is to allow students to learn the basics of mixing voice over and music, while writing a script for a radio commercial for Channel 18, Channel 20, an upcoming event, or PSA. Included will be sound effects created live while the commercial is being read. The final commercial will be broadcasted over Channel 18 & 20’s graphic bulletin board.
GPTV NEWS SEGMENTS: GPTV News is a daily event on Channel 18. To enhance the information and look of the program we are including Weather, Sports, Entertainment, and a “Here’s What I Think” segment. Students from TV Production I will produce those segments to be rolled in during the news broadcast.
TV RESEARCH PROJECT: The purpose of this assignment is to research one area of the broadcast industry to expose the class to the most up-to-date information on television. The assignment will be arranged on a poster board or Power Point and presented to the class. A list of topics will be provided when project is assigned.
DEMONSTRATION PROJECT: The purpose of this project is to create a demonstration project. Students will create a 4 minute scene with dialogue. The video must be shot in the studio using all three cameras. Costumes and appropriate dialogue is a must for this production. Creating a set is essential in producing a convincing scene.
COMMERCIAL PROJECT: The purpose of this project is to introduce the business of commercial advertising. Each student is required to follow television pre-production activities. Once each commercial idea has been presented, students will be divided into groups of four and they will produce on of the ideas.
PRODUCING A SHOW: The purpose of this project is to provide students the opportunity to produce a full show to be aired on Channel 20 - Sample shows include: Storybook Theater, Cooking, Game Show, or theme related talk show. All stages of the show will be planned in pre-production and executed during production. Three shows will be created during this unit.
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Review for Quizzes Business of Television Television Crew Positions Pre-Production/ Writing Nielsen Research Group Executive Producer Forms: Ratings Producer Segment length, Time Shares Director Storyboard Methods of compiling data Anchors AV Storyboard Media Markets Sports Anchor Proposal Rating Periods or Sweeps Weather Anchor Broadcast Networks Technical Director Treatment: Cable Networks Audio Engineer Objective, Target Audience, Content Target Audience Camera Operator Outline Demographics Graphics Designer Shot List Highest and lowest viewing days Floor Manager Budget Counter Programming Teleprompter Sitcom Script Stacking VTR Operator 3 Act, Scenes Hammock Effect Field Reporter Audience Flow Editor Feature Film Script Non-Broadcast Network Writers Scene Heading, Stage Direction, Lighting / Grip Dialogue, Scene Changes What are the major broadcast Set Designer networks? Master Control Sales What are the Detroit areas local Production Assistant affiliates?
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Review for Quizzes Studio Camera and Switcher and Audio Lighting Composition Camera Movements: The Switcher: Main objectives for lighting: (List 3) Pan Who operates the video switcher? Tilt Three-Point Lighting Dolly Program Bus Truck Key Light Preview Bus
Parts of the Camera: Keyer Bus Back Light Who operates the camera? How do you start / end a show? 3 parts of the Camera Fill Light Tripod What are the video sources? Dolly Spot Light What is the Pix Pad? Intercom Lens (Three Functions) Clips Scoop Iris CG Viewfinder Lighting grid Primary colors of light Stills Focusing the camera Dimmer Board Logos Black/White balancing the camera Blackout
Transitions: Composition: Faders Define Composition Cut Rule of Thirds Soft Light effects Dissolve / Mix Wide Shot Medium Shot Wipe Hard Light Effects Bust Shot Wipe Patterns Close up Barn door Extreme Close up Fade: High Angle Gels & Gel Frames Chroma-key Low Angle Eye level DVE Emotional Implications of Lighting
Auto Trans Room around subject: Safety Clamps Lead Room Head Room Director Cues: Nose Room “Ready to Fade IN!” Practical Test: “Ready Camera One!” Camera Operations: Turn on the camera, focusing the camera (Three “Take One!” Steps), and Black/White balancing “Dissolve to One!” the camera Camera Movements: Pan, Tilt, “Wipe to One” Dolly, and Truck “Fade Out” Composition: Wide, Medium, Bust, and Close up
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Review for Quizzes On-Camera Presentations Practical Quiz Audio Appearance: Graphic Page: The Audio Board: Clothing Creating a full page Power Point Who operates the audio mixer? Matching the target audience graphic with picture and name Faders Posture included Main Master High Definition Influence Equalizer Titlemotion Pro: What are the audio sources? Speaking: Create a lower third graphic with VU meter Pace your name and title On the VU meter, how high is your Diction goal? Purpose of Rehearsing Teleprompter: Connecting with your audience Open a script and format colors and Microphones: style using the Intelliprompter Shot Gun Interviewing: program Wireless Lavaliere Preparation Wired Lavaliere Researching Importing Hand Held Open Questions Exporting XLR Cable Closed Questions Camera Composition Workflow: Sending material to the Use of Silence Broadcast Pix Switcher Being a good listener The follow-up Question File Formats: Role of the Interviewer JPEG Role of the Interviewee Movies: AVI, Quicktime and WMV Talk show vs. Documentary
List examples of what not to do!
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Positions for a Television Station
Executive Producer: Oversees the administrative portions of television
Producer: This person keeps track of time, planning, and rundown of the show
Director: This person controls the overall technical and creative look of the program
TV News Anchors: This person reads the feature stories and lead-ins and tags.
Sports Anchor: This person will read and introduce sports related materials
Weather Anchor: This person will create graphics and perform on chroma-key background.
Technical Director: Selects the sources (Cameras & Tapes) that are recorded to tape.
Audio Engineer: Controls microphones, tape audio, music, and overall output level to tape .
Camera Operators: Composes shots based on director’s instruction and shooting scripts.
Graphic Designer: Creates and displays graphics for the specific program.
Floor Manager: Cues and guides the activities in the TV studio.
Teleprompter: Compiles and runs script for the talent.
VTR Operator: Cues and plays commercial breaks and taped reports during a news program.
Field Reporter: An on-camera reporter of story assigned at production meeting
Editor: Assembles video clips, narration, music, graphics into a finished piece for air
Writers: Provides script for the talent to read through the teleprompter
Lighting/Grip: Presets lighting based on mood and requirements of the show
Set Designer: Designs and creates a physical set in the studio space based on the program
Master Control: Includes commercials and makes sure broadcast signal is leaving the station
Sales: Sells advertising airtime to local and national businesses
Production Assistant: Aids the producer and director in a variety of roles from calling guest to props
Jib Operator: Operates the extended tripod platform for sweeping shots
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THE BUSINESS OF TELEVISION
The business of the television industry may resemble entertainment and information, but it is a carefully crafted product with the number one goal of generating revenues.
Well received program = Viewers = Ratings = Money Charged to Advertisers The basic formula that drives the business
Nielsen Rating System: ______
Two methods are used to compile the data: ______or ______
Media Markets? ______
What are Ratings? ______
What are Shares? ______
PROGRAMMING STRATEGIES: There are several factors related to when a program is schedule to be shown during a given season. Target audience and methods of generating revenue vary between networks.
Broadcast Networks: ______
Non-Broadcast Networks: ______
Local Affiliates: ______
Cable Networks: ______
Demographics: ______
Counter Programming: ______
Stacking & Audience Flow: ______
Hammock Effect: ______
Target Audience Matching: ______
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Name: ______
Consumer of the Media: How much are you taking in per week? Keep track of the hours and minutes in each category daily. Results will be analyzed in class
Days Television Radio / CD / iPod Internet DVD / Games
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Total
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TV I - Commercial Chart
Each day when watching television, we are exposed to advertisers trying to sell their products during your favorite shows. Use this chart below to keep track of ONE of your favorite TV show’s commercials breaks. Record the number of commercials, the specific product and length for a half-hour of television. Most commercials are 30 seconds to 1 minute.
Name of Program: ______
Type of Program: ______
Time of Program: ______
Day of Program: ______
Possible Target Audience: ______(Women and Men 18-24, 25-54, 55+, Children 2-11, Teenagers 12-17)
Commercial Name of Product Number of Seconds Break #
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Programming Strategies Choose a day of the week and fill-in the TV Guide line-up below. Once the grid is completed, answers the questions below.
Day of the Week: ______
8 PM 8:30 PM 9 PM 9:30 PM 10 – 11 PM
FOX
NBC
ABC
CBS
CW
What are examples of counter programming?
Is the audience flow evident by any single network? (What target audience?)
Is the hammock effect used by any particular network?
Based on ratings from Nielsen’s, is there one network that is a clear winner? Go to website for help: http://en-us.nielsen.com/content/nielsen/en_us/insights/rankings/television.html
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Worksheet Assignment TV Production I Topic: Understanding Television
This program is from the Discovery Times Channel explaining the technical evolution of television.
What is the role of the director? How many crew members are used? How many cameras?
During the car race, how was the signal broadcasted from the track to the viewer at home?
When was television invented?
What was the first type of television invented and what did it evolve into and why?
Who invented modern day television? When did he realize what he would have to do?
How many frames are there in a second of television?
What are the three colors that create a frame of video?
What is the digital television and why is compression important?
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Worksheet Assignment TV Production I
Topic: Making a Sitcom
This program illustrates the making of the situational comedy from a historical perspective to the modern day television shows.
How many minutes is an average sitcom? How many days do the actors and crew have to prepare for taping? How long is the taping?
What is the role of the writer and how much do they make?
What is the role of the casting director?
What is the purpose of the table read of the script?
What order are sitcoms taped? How many TAKES do the actors perform of each scene and why?
Why was it important to film a sitcom in front of a LIVE studio audience? What do they do to keep the audience fresh?
What is syndication? What are some examples of shows on currently on television?
How long does it take to create a single episode of the Simpson’s? What are some of the production steps?
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1. Who operates the studio camera? ______
2. What are the THREE part of the camera? ______
3. Three Purposes of the Lens? ______
4. Three step for focusing? ______
5. What do the W and T stand for? ______
6. What does the body of the camera do? ______
7. What is the purpose of the viewfinder? ______
8. What is the purpose of the tripod? ______
9. What is the purpose of the dolly? ______
10. What is the intercom used for? ______
Steps for setting up the camera:
STEP 1: ______
STEP 2: ______
STEP 3: ______
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
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Studio Camera Tripod Movements
The director will command the camera operator to make adjustments to the camera to get the desired shot. The objective of the camera operator is to make quick adjustments when off the air to be ready to have your camera placed on LIVE to air or tape. The tripod allows the camera operator to make fluid movements.
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TELEVISION COMPOSITION
Type of Shots Fill-in the definition of each shot below
WIDE SHOT: (WS)
MEDIUM SHOT: (MS)
BUST SHOT: (BS)
CLOSE UP SHOT: (CU)
EXTREME CLOSE UP SHOT: (ECU)
HEAD ROOM: NOSE ROOM: LEAD ROOM:
HIGH ANGLE: LOW ANGLE: EYE LEVEL:
RULE OF THIRDS:
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OPENING: “Quiet on the Set” - Make sure everyone is QUIET!!
“Ready in the Studio” & “Ready in the Control Room”
“Ready to Start Record” - Make sure the VTR Operator is ready to press record on either the AVID editing station or DV Recording deck
“Start Record” - Wait until VTR operator has signaled tape is rolling
WAIT - 10 SECONDS
“Ready to FADE IN from Black with audio in 3, 2, 1” Countdown to insure audio and video fade in at the same time. Make sure the right video source is selected prior to Fading IN! If you are running a video clip make sure Clip Pix Pad has the correct file selected before FADING IN.
“FADE IN” Press the Auto Trans button or use the manual lever
DURING A PRODUCTION: To cut between two video sources: “Ready Camera ONE, TAKE ONE”
To dissolve between two video sources: “Ready to dissolve to CAMERA 2, DISSOLVE to CAMERA 2”
To wipe between two video sources: “Ready to wipe to CAMERA 2 with number - ___, WIPE to CAMERA 2”
During Your Production, Make Sure To Cue the Floor Manager How Much Time Is Left In the Segment,
Starting At 2 Minutes, 1 Minute, 30 Seconds, 15 Seconds, And Wrap It Up!!!
CLOSING: Tell your Floor Manager to wrap up the talent!! (Floor Manager signals to the talent)
“Ready to FADE to Black, in 3, 2, 1”
“FADE TO BLACK”
ALLOW TAPE TO CONTINUE RECORDING FOR A MINUTE AND REMIND CREW TO PUT AWAY THEIR EQUIPMENT!!
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Training Guide for Grosse Pointe South TV Production’s Digital Media Lab
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This is an illustration of the potential workflow or methods of exporting projects from the AVID Editing stations to the LACIE drive which will be shared with the switcher and graphic machine. The Broadcast Pix switcher has the ability to work toward an environment of tape-less transfer between stations.
THE VIDEO SWITCHER DISPLAY PANEL:
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THE MULTIVIEW SCREEN The main monitor has the ability to be segmented into multiple screens which display each input and preview and program video. A PixPad is included to cue and include graphics, video clips, logos, and still images. Finally, there are three Key options available allowing the technical director to have multiple elements on the screen. The main screen is used for the main functions of the control room while the graphics operator will have a smaller screen which will allow the user to organize and prepare graphics prior to show time.
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The panel operates differently, but the basic concepts have not changed. There is still a preview and program bus. The user still has the ability to either CUT, DISSOLVE OR WIPE between sources. The major difference is that there are more choices. An option called a DVE (Digital Video Effect) is included which allow the production to contain professional news like video picture in picture displays. Also, the video image can be moved and sized along the screen.
The most significant differences is the keying capabilities. The Broadcast Pix unit allows the user to display broadcast ready graphics over the screen, specialized wipes, and logo designs. The keyer also controls chroma-key which is now available on all cameras.
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Teleprompter Etiquette
The teleprompting operator's responsibility is to scroll the text of the script for the talent to read. The talent paces the teleprompter's speed. During the rehearsal of the script, the teleprompter can be adjusted to match the rate of the talent. If the scrolling text is too fast, it may make the talent appear rushed and nervous. If the scrolling test is too slow, it may make the talent appear as they are having problems reading the script. The script must be positioned in the middle of the screen for the talent to read. The purpose of the teleprompter is for the talent to maintain eye contact with the audience.
Starting the Teleprompter:
1. Load the script in from your Assignment Folder. The script must be saved as a "Plain Text or Rich Text Format" only. Intelliprompter will not recognize Microsoft Word files.
2. Open the Intelliprompter application.
3. Under the File menu, select "Open" and load in your script.
4. Under the Edit menu, choose "Select All"
5. Under the Text Format menu, select "Font Color" and select a color such as white or yellow.
6. Select the icon with the green traffic light. The text will then fill the screen and be sent to the teleprompter along the computer station and the two Teleprompters located in the studio.
7. By using the arrow keys and the space bar, the speed of the prompter can be adjusted according to the speaking pace of the talent. The space bar will pause the text, and by hitting it once again continues scrolling the script.
8. Rehearse the script with your talent prior to recording the production.
9. If the script does not read clearly, make changes prior to recording the production. Work with your producer and talent to make agreeable changes to the script.
10. DO NOT ADD ANYTHING TO THE SCRIPT OUTSIDE OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED. IF THE SCRIPT INFORMATION IS CHANGED, DISCIPLINARY ACTION WILL BE TAKEN.
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 35
Objectives of Lighting
1. To fulfill the technical requirements of the system. Lighting provides a sufficient level of illumination which permits the television camera to operate. It enables it to pick up and reproduce the photographed image.
2. To provide a three dimensional perspective: Television is two dimensional, producing an image with height and width. Depth must be provided through the use of camera angles, performer blocking, set design, and the careful use of lighting. Lighting can enhance the texture, shape, and form of any object.
3. To establish the mood of the scene: Lighting can provide a clue to the viewer of the overall emotion of the scene. Dark shadowy lighting conveys a feeling of mystery, tension, and drama. Bright lighting imparts a feeling of happiness or fantasy.
4. To direct attention to the important elements in the scene: The use of light and shadows can help the director by guiding the viewer’s attention toward the most important area.
5. To fix the time of action: Lighting can imply the time of day in which the scene takes place.
6. To contribute to the overall aesthetic composition of the show: Lighting is designed in coordination with the set to create a more pleasing image.
All six of the objectives listed above are not always needed for every production. Each show has its own requirements, and the lighting design must correlate with the concept of the show. Lighting that is inconsistent with the programs overall idea might be an artistic masterpiece, but in essence a failure.
Lighting Concepts:
Three Point Lighting: A basic photographic lighting model that uses three lights to add dimension and depth to your television picture. It uses three different lights. Key, Fill, and Back Light.
Key Light: The principle source of illumination, it provides the primary light on the subject. The position of the key light is about 30 to 40 degrees off center from the object you are lighting. The distance away from the subject should be so the light shines on a 45 degree angle.
Fill Light: The fill light usually is opposite from the key light. It is not as intense as the key light and is used to fill the shadows create by the key.
Back Light: The back light is located behind the subject and aimed on the shoulders of the subject. It is used to separate the subject from the background.
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 36
Pre-Production Methods:
Treatment: This is used as a proposal for a new program or idea being developed. It details the target audience, program objective, content summary, and anticipated outcome. It is important to have the concept on paper for approval, especially when funding is necessary for the completion to the production.
Write a treatment. “A treatment is a guide to your show’s main components. At the early stages of writing, it’s useful for seeing what you have and what you need. A treatment requires a few things: a logline (your idea in one sentence), a list of characters with brief descriptions, a list of set/settings with brief descriptions, and a list of potential episodes / campaign ideas, starting with the pilot. If you can put all this together, you have a lot of the basics and, though they may change a hundred times between now and your final draft, you can begin to write.” Beth Danesco – How to Write a Sitcom
What is the idea for the project? This statement must provide a short synopsis of the essence of the project. If this statement is unclear, the chance of this project being developed goes exponentially down.
What is your Objective? Every video must have a purpose for being created. The goals could be to motivate, entertain, or inform. Knowing your objective will aid in creating the style and tone of the show
Who is your target audience? The target audience is the primary group of people that a program is made for. Example: ESPN Sport Center’s audience is Males – 18- 35.
Content Summary This is a written narrative of the commercial as it would be playing for the audience. This summary is usually around a paragraph. This summary is an effective method to relay your idea to the product’s company.
What are your Outcomes? The outcome is usually data driven. Based on predicted sales or enthusiasm sales will go up by or this many people will be informed.
The overall treatment is traditional 2-14 pages depending on the project. Feature film treatments could be as long as 60 pages. The treatment is the first impression of the project’s vision. Financial support will potentially be rewarded to a quality presentation.
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 37 Rundown: This is used to create a timed outline of the program. It must equal 30 or 60 minutes if broadcasted on television.
PROGRAM RUNDOWN - NEWS
Event # Talent / Tape Slug / Story / Segment Name Segment Length Overall Time
1 Tape Opening Teaser :45 :45
2 Tape Introduction to Program :30 1:15
3 Talent 1 & 2 Introductions :15 1:30
4 Talent 1 Story #1 1:25 2:55
Program Rules: 60 minute program is actually 44 minutes of content = 16 minutes of commercials 30 minute program is actually 22 minutes of con tent = 8 minutes of commercials
A/V Commercial Script: This audio / video script is used for matching audio segments with the visual side by side. This is ideal with short video productions such as: commercials, industrial programs, and potential documentaries.
Sample A/V Script Format Video Audio
FADE IN:
Images of the TV Production program flash by MUSIC: Light-jazzy music building up to illustrating the history of the program over the hard driving course of 20 years.
The host walks on to the scene from behind the Host: Welcome to the 20th year of the idea of camera Television Production in the Grosse Pointe Schools. This has been an exciting evolution of creativity and technology.
Graphic: TV PRODUCTION I MUSIC: Industrial based sound
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 38 AV Storyboard: This is an illustration through drawings that depict what each shot will look like in the finished product. This is ideal for commercials, short productions, and effect sequence of film. This preparation allows the director to pre-determine the shots needed for the scene and provides a guide for the cinematographer. Set design & lighting can be developed from the storyboard.
Create a three frame shot sequence of a person standing underneath a tree and something falling on their head from above using wide, medium, and close up angles
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 39 Script: The script is the words & actions that the character will be using in a television and film production. It is highly unlikely that actors will just be allowed to use improvisation for the scene. In most industry scripts, a single page represent 1 minute of screen time. The writer does not include directions related to shooting. The director is responsible for working with the actors and crew to execute the script.
Script Example: LOST – Episode 1
EXT: Lost Island - Day
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 40
Being on-camera talent
Professionalism: The basic act of taking ones job seriously a. Posture: The way a talent sits or stands, sends a message to the viewer about how they view their role. If the talent is slumped over then the audience may believe that the talent is either very relaxed or disinterested. Sitting straight and pulling your shoulders back helps to portray a professional demeanor. Place your hands on the table top crossed when you are at a loss of what to do with them.
b. Being Natural: This can only be accomplished by reading over the script or rehearsing prior to air. The script sounds less like reading when the anchor knows the words that are coming next.
c. Maintaining Eye Contact: The audience knows when there is something in the background that is more interesting than them sitting in their desk in class. If the talent sees the anchors eyes roam, they will likely to perceive that the message is not to be taken seriously
d. Dress: Messages come in all kinds of packages. If the package is the anchor in a shirt and tie the perception will be different than a t-shirt. Dress for the role that you desire is a mantra of people trying to further their careers
Rehearsing: The basic act of practicing before the final performance a. Read the Script: The easiest way to avoid stumbling over words and names are to figures out the obstacles during practice.
b. Pronunciation: You are not expected to know every word that is placed in front of you. When you are reading to yourself, you can skim over a word and still figure out the meaning of the sentence based on the context. This is not the same with reading out loud. Make the change or ask the question to make sure you are correctly saying a word.
c. Chemistry: Talk with your fellow anchor. It is not a mistake that the local Detroit stations have some fantastic anchor teams. They have built a working friendship with each other and the viewers at home. If there is something you want to add to create a smoother transition between stories, this will have to be discussed prior to air. The director and producer need to be aware of the events going to occur so they can capture them on camera.
Enthusiasm: The basic act of enjoying what you are doing a. Less is more: Even the professional anchors find time to have fun or eject humor into the broadcast; however, less is more. If this is what you do constantly the audience may not take you as seriously.
b. Energy: It is important that despite the fact that it early in the morning, that there is energy in your words, facial expressions and body language. If you are not feeling energetic then fake it!
c. Be Positive: Despite the fact that there may be mess ups and production issues, be aware that you still need to be positive for the few minutes you’re asked to be on air.
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 41
Research Project POWER POINT OR POSTER PRESENTATION
Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to research one area of the broadcast industry to expose the class to the most up-to-date information on television. The research study is not a full paper, but a compilation of thoughtful information related to your topic with explanations of each piece of evidence. The assignment will be arranged on a poster board or Power Point and presented to the class.
Television Research Topics:
Nielsen Rating System – Process and Sweeps Week Results Genres – Define types of genres and list shows currently running per category Careers in Broadcasting – Survey of the type of careers available through television (Examples: Director, Camera Operator, New Anchor, Producer, Executive Producer, Writers) Employment Statistics – List pay scales, men vs. women, and need for major positions in the field College Programs in U.S. –Investigate one college of your choice focusing on Communications / Advertising Internet & Television – How has the Internet and Television complimented each other? TV vs. Violence – Has television increased violence in America? Local Stations – Survey the local stations. Include bio info, location, phone numbers Digital Television – Standards, ratio, delivery and explanation of how the process works Advertising – How much, who, why, effects, time of day, target audience, and show ratings Lighting Concepts – Illustration and explanation of the process of lighting and instruments used Professional Profile – Biography on a professional working in the industry with pictures Television Timeline – History of television from inception until now (Major Events) The Art of Editing - Investigate how editing helps to create a mood and some techniques Future of Television – Predict with examples where the future of TV will be 50 years from now Composition Techniques – Illustrate examples of unique and create composition using film, TV, or art work. Explain the rationale for each view. Scriptwriting Techniques – Explain the techniques and the proper industry script format. Use example scripts and break them down. Compare TV to film scripts. Video Publishing – Where video and television are being displayed, and through what technology? Types of Video Formats – What are the formats used in video and television? International Video Standards – What are the broadcast standards of other countries? Animation – What are some of the programs and evolution of animation? Audio – How does audio add to the overall television production
Criteria: Power Point requires a minimum of 10 content slides, Title slide and a Reference slide = 12 total Individuals or groups of two can work on this project. Pictures or illustrations must be included. Statistics and Graphs are a must when illustrating trends and figures. Poster board must be standard size with all items typed Title must be included on the Power Point or the board! Research for information must be evident and properly sited. (Website Addresses are acceptable) The presentation must be a minimum of 2 minutes
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 42 Creating a Television Campaign
This worksheet is the initial steps in the Pre-Production Process. Each student is required to: Create a commercial for an agreed product, indicate the objectives of the video, identify the Target Audience, create a short description of events to occur, and describe the outcome of the commercial. Please include music, product shot, and your slogan for the commercial. Also, indicate a fade in and fade out.
Client Information: Imperial Eyewear
Business Plan: Mr. Geresy in his spare time runs the second largest company for the distribution of eye glasses in the mid-west; the only problem is no one knows about his products. He decides to take a gigantic financial risk and have a campaign produced and aired on prime-time television. The company is called: Imperial Eyewear. The line of products include: Regular and designer glasses, old granny glasses, contacts, sun glasses and night-vision glasses.
What is your objective for your video?
Who is your target audience? Why?
Content Summary: Brief description of your video program if you were to press “Play” from you head.
What is the outcome of the Commercial?
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 43 Video (1-4) Audio (Music / Narration / Script) Video (5-8) Audio (Music / Narration / Script)
Project: Date:
2011 – Geresy GROSSE POINTE SOUTH TV PRODUCTION / SEMESTER 2 / 2010_11 44