Necessary Background for Studies in the Taxonomy of Onopordum In
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BIGHEAD KNAPWEED (Centaurea Macrocephala Puschk.)
PNW386 BIGHEAD KNAPWEED (Centaurea macrocephala Puschk.) Bighead knapweed is native to woody crown, each topped by a the mountain grasslands of 3-inch flower head. When Caucasia (specifically Armenia competing with other plants, and Romania) and also to bighead knapweed is generally subalpine meadows in Turkey. only 2 to 3 feet tall with one or European growers cultivate it as two stalks bearing flower heads an ornamental flower and sell it about 1.5 inches in diameter. in the fresh flower markets. Broadly lance-shaped leaves have Although not as popular as sharp-pointed tips, shallowly cornflower (bachelor's button) or toothed edges and rough mountain bluet, it is also surfaces. Blades of the stalked available in the United States in basal and rosette leaves may be flower seed catalogs and 10 inches long and 3 inches wide; nurseries under various common blade and stalk together may names, including Lemon fluff exceed 15 inches. Stem leaves and Globe Centaury. gradually change from having Occasionally, it appears in dried simple stalks to winged stalks to flower arrangements. stalkless as they become smaller Weed specialists in Washington going up the stem. The smallest found bighead knapweed in the Under frroorable conditions, bighead leaves are clustered on the early 1980s escaping from knapweed grows 4 to 5 feet tall. (Each swollen stem at the base of the abandoned gardens in Pend stripe on the stake is 4 inches.) flower head. Oreille and Whitman counties, and added it to the Class A noxious weed list. Since then, Okanogan County, Washington, and Quesnel, British Columbia have reported it. -
Thistles of Colorado
Thistles of Colorado About This Guide Identification and Management Guide Many individuals, organizations and agencies from throughout the state (acknowledgements on inside back cover) contributed ideas, content, photos, plant descriptions, management information and printing support toward the completion of this guide. Mountain thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) growing above timberline Casey Cisneros, Tim D’Amato and the Larimer County Department of Natural Resources Weed District collected, compiled and edited information, content and photos for this guide. Produced by the We welcome your comments, corrections, suggestions, and high Larimer County quality photos. If you would like to contribute to future editions, please contact the Larimer County Weed District at 970-498- Weed District 5769 or email [email protected] or [email protected]. Front cover photo of Cirsium eatonii var. hesperium by Janis Huggins Partners in Land Stewardship 2nd Edition 1 2 Table of Contents Introduction 4 Introduction Native Thistles (Pages 6-20) Barneyby’s Thistle (Cirsium barnebyi) 6 Cainville Thistle (Cirsium clacareum) 6 Native thistles are dispersed broadly Eaton’s Thistle (Cirsium eatonii) 8 across many Colorado ecosystems. Individual species occupy niches from Elk or Meadow Thistle (Cirsium scariosum) 8 3,500 feet to above timberline. These Flodman’s Thistle (Cirsium flodmanii) 10 plants are valuable to pollinators, seed Fringed or Fish Lake Thistle (Cirsium 10 feeders, browsing wildlife and to the centaureae or C. clavatum var. beauty and diversity of our native plant americanum) communities. Some non-native species Mountain Thistle (Cirsium scopulorum) 12 have become an invasive threat to New Mexico Thistle (Cirsium 12 agriculture and natural areas. For this reason, native and non-native thistles neomexicanum) alike are often pulled, mowed, clipped or Ousterhout’s or Aspen Thistle (Cirsium 14 sprayed indiscriminately. -
Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L
United States Department of Agriculture Wildland Fire in Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Ecosystems General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-42- volume 6 Fire and Nonnative Invasive Plants September 2008 Zouhar, Kristin; Smith, Jane Kapler; Sutherland, Steve; Brooks, Matthew L. 2008. Wildland fire in ecosystems: fire and nonnative invasive plants. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-42-vol. 6. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 355 p. Abstract—This state-of-knowledge review of information on relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants can assist fire managers and other land managers concerned with prevention, detection, and eradi- cation or control of nonnative invasive plants. The 16 chapters in this volume synthesize ecological and botanical principles regarding relationships between wildland fire and nonnative invasive plants, identify the nonnative invasive species currently of greatest concern in major bioregions of the United States, and describe emerging fire-invasive issues in each bioregion and throughout the nation. This volume can help increase understanding of plant invasions and fire and can be used in fire management and ecosystem-based management planning. The volume’s first part summarizes fundamental concepts regarding fire effects on invasions by nonnative plants, effects of plant invasions on fuels and fire regimes, and use of fire to control plant invasions. The second part identifies the nonnative invasive species of greatest concern and synthesizes information on the three topics covered in part one for nonnative inva- sives in seven major bioregions of the United States: Northeast, Southeast, Central, Interior West, Southwest Coastal, Northwest Coastal (including Alaska), and Hawaiian Islands. -
(Compositae): Onopordum Carduiforme Boiss
ITLIS REN NIVERSITY OURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 7(1) (2017) 12–15 B E U J Available online at www.dergipark.ulakbim.gov.tr/beuscitech/ Journal of Science and Technology E-ISSN 2146-7706 First Turkish record of a species from family asteraceae (compositae): Onopordum carduiforme boiss. Süleyman Mesut PINAR a,* , Hüseyin EROĞLU b a Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van School of Health, 65080, Tuşba-Van, Turkey b Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, 65080, Tuşba-Van, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: In this study Onopordum carduiforme (Asteraceae) is recorded for the first time from South Received 30 March 2017 Anatolia region (Hatay) of Turkey. The diagnostic characters of Onopordum carduiforme are given. Received in revised form 01 June 2017 Besides to description of the new record, photograph of the general habitus in nature is provided. Accepted 12 June 2017 Geographical distribution is mapped, and also IUCN threat category of the species at the regional scale is proposed as VU. Keywords: New record Onopordum Taxonomy Turkey © 2017. Turkish Journal Park Academic. All rights reserved. 2. Materials and methods 1. Introduction The specimens of O. carduiformis were collected by the authors The genus Onopordum L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae) is in April 2014, in the course of field trips to South Anatolia at represented by approximately 60 taxa, mostly growing mainly Hatay province. Initially, they seemed to be close to O. in Northern hemisphere (Susanna and García-Jacas, 2007). boissierianum. These specimens were compared with the According to the latest checklist for Onopordum (The Plant List, related taxonomic sources (Eig, 1942; Tamamschyan, 1963; 2013), this genus comprises 46 taxa distributed worldwide. -
Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan XXIII. a New Species from Hachiôji, Tokyo Prefecture, Central Japan
Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 38(1), pp. 1–10, February 22, 2012 Taxonomic Studies of Cirsium (Asteraceae) in Japan XXIII. A New Species from Hachiôji, Tokyo Prefecture, Central Japan Yuichi Kadota Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Amakubo 4–1–1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305–0005, Japan E-mail: [email protected] (Received 14 November 2011; accepted 28 December 2011) Abstract A new species, Cirsium tamastoloniferum Kadota is described from a small marshy land in Hachiôji, Tokyo Pref., central Honshu, Japan, as a member of subsect. Reflexae (the Cirsium kagamontanum group), sect. Onotrophe of the genus Cirsium. Cirsium tamastoloniferum is similar to C. tenuipedunculatum Kadota described from Yamanashi Pref., Chubu District, central Honshu, in having hardly glutinous involucres and paniculate inflorescence with small, numerous heads, however, the former is distinguished from the latter by gynodioecy, subterranean stolons, ovate to broadly ovate cauline leaves with ascending lobes and inner and involucral phyllaries with short- recurved apices in hermaphrodite plants or with short-ascending apices in female plants. Cirsium tamastoloniferum is a dweller of marshy lands exceptionally in the Cirsium kagamontanum group and occurs in Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefs., Kanto District, central Honshu, Japan. Kew words : Cirsium tamastoloniferum, Cirsium tenuipedunculatum, Japan, new species, wet- land. This is part of a revisional work on Japanese Hideshige Uchino, Nagaike Park Nature Center, Cirsium (Asteraceae) (Kadota, 1989–2011; Hachiôji. This thistle seemed to be included in Kadota and Nagase, 1988). In this paper a new the Cirsium kagamontanum group because it had species of subsect. Reflexae (Kitam.) Kadota of paniculate compound inflorescences with small, sect. -
Flora Mediterranea 26
FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M. -
Alien Plants in Central European River Ports
A peer-reviewed open-access journal NeoBiota 45: 93–115 (2019) Alien plants in Central European river ports 93 doi: 10.3897/neobiota.45.33866 RESEARCH ARTICLE NeoBiota http://neobiota.pensoft.net Advancing research on alien species and biological invasions Alien plants in Central European river ports Vladimír Jehlík1, Jiří Dostálek2, Tomáš Frantík3 1 V Lesíčku 1, 150 00 Praha 5 – Smíchov, Czech Republic 2 Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic 3 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Corresponding author: Jiří Dostálek ([email protected]) Academic editor: Ingo Kowarik | Received 14 February 2019 | Accepted 27 March 2019 | Published 7 May 2019 Citation: Jehlík V, Dostálek J, Frantík T (2019) Alien plants in Central European river ports. NeoBiota 45: 93–115. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.45.33866 Abstract River ports represent a special type of urbanized area. They are considered to be an important driver of biological invasion and biotic homogenization on a global scale, but it remains unclear how and to what degree they serve as a pool of alien species. Data for 54 river ports (16 German, 20 Czech, 7 Hungarian, 3 Slovak, and 8 Austrian ports) on two important Central European waterways (the Elbe-Vltava and Dan- ube waterways) were collected over 40 years. In total, 1056 plant species were found. Of these, 433 were alien, representing 41% of the total number of species found in all the studied Elbe, Vltava, and Danube ports. During comparison of floristic data from literary sources significant differences in the percentage of alien species in ports (50%) and cities (38%) were found. -
Bighead Knapweed
WRITTEN FINDINGS OF THE WASHINGTON STATE NOXIOUS WEED CONTROL BOARD (Updated NOVEMBER 1998) Scientific Name: Centaurea macrocephala Puschk. ex Willd. Common Name: Bighead knapweed Family: Asteraceae (Compositae) Legal Status: Class A Description and Variation: Bighead knapweed, Centaurea macrocephala, is a member of the thistle tribe (Cynareae) in the sunflower family. This perennial species is the tallest knapweed growing in the Pacific Northwest, ranging from 2 feet to 5 feet tall, depending on the habitat. The plant stems are upright and unbranched, terminating in a single flower head. The leaves are broadly lance shaped with toothed edges and pointed tips, and they have a rough surface. Basal, or rosette, leaves are stalked, and they can reach 15 inches long and 3 inches wide. The leaves and leaf stalks are progressively smaller upward on the plant stem, with the top leaves being stalkless. The solitary flower heads are globe shaped, and 1 inch to 3 inches in diameter. The bracts beneath the flower head have thin, papery, fringed margins. The lower bracts show evidence of spines. The flowers are yellow. The seeds are medium brown and ridged, with a ring of light- colored bristles. C. macrocephala has a taprooted woody crown. Economic Importance: Detrimental: C. macrocephala has escaped cultivation to establish in an abandoned homestead in Pend Orielle, County, WA. Beneficial: Sold as a garden ornamental and in seed packets, C. macrocephala is also found in dried flower arrangements. This species is sold under a variety of common names - including Lemon Fluff and Globe Centaury. Habitat: In its native habitat, C. macrocephala is found in high elevation grassy fields and subalpine meadows. -
Investigation of Lignans in the Achene Fruits of Species Belonging to the Asteraceae Family
INVESTIGATION OF LIGNANS IN THE ACHENE FRUITS OF SPECIES BELONGING TO THE ASTERACEAE FAMILY PhD thesis Anna Sólyomváry Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Semmelweis University Supervisor: Dr. Boldizsár Imre, Ph.D., senior lecturer Official reviewers: Dr. Csupor Dezső, Ph.D., senior lecturer Dr. Völgyi Gergely Ph.D., associate professor Head of the Final Examination Committee: Dr. Török Tamás, professor emeritus Members of the Final Examination Committee: Dr. Papp Nóra, Ph.D., senior lecturer Dr. Ludányi Krisztina, Ph.D, associate professor Budapest, 2015 1. Introduction During my PhD work, lignan (Li), neolignan (Neli) and sesquineolignan (SeNeLi) plant secondary metabolites – which are made up of phenilpropane units – were studied chemically (by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods) and pharmacologically (in vitro inhibition of tumor cell proliferations). The species which were investigated are belonging to the thistle – Cynareae (Carduae) tribe of the the Asteraceae family and their composition was no or little-known. We selected the thistle tribe since recent results revealed the accumulation of these type of metabolic products in akin species, especially in the fruit. In our investigations we chose species that are native in Hungary (Cirsium brachycephalum, C. eriophorum - woolly thistle, C. vulgare - spear thistle, Serratula tinctoria - saw-wort) or cultivated (Cnicus benedictus - blessed thistle, Leuzea carthamoides), thus the plant raw materials were relatively readily available. Beside the structure characterization of two new natural compounds (the NeLi prebalanophonin and SeNeLi prepicrasmalignan) we also identified new sources of 13 known component (Li-s of the dibenzylbutyrolactone (DBBL) group: arctiin, arctigenin, carthamoside, carthamogenin, matairesinol, tracheloside and trachelogenin; the SeNeLi lappaol and isolappaol A and C, picrasmalignan; and the NeLi balanophonin). -
The Phytophagous Insect Fauna of Scotch Thistle, Onopordum Acanthium L., in Southeastern Washington and Northwestern Idaho
Proceedings of the X International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds 233 4-14 July 1999, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Neal R. Spencer [ed.]. pp. 233-239 (2000) The Phytophagous Insect Fauna of Scotch Thistle, Onopordum acanthium L., in Southeastern Washington and Northwestern Idaho J. D. WATTS1 and G. L. PIPER Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6382, USA Abstract Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium L. (Asteraceae: Cardueae), a plant of Eurasian origin, has become an increasingly serious pasture, rangeland, wasteland, and roadside weed in the western United States. Prior to the implementation of a biological control agent acquisition and release program, a domestic survey was carried out at 16 sites in five southeastern Washington and northwestern Idaho counties between 1995-96 to ascertain the plant’s existing entomofauna. Thirty phytophagous insect species in six orders and 17 families were found to be associated with the thistle. Hemiptera, Homoptera, and Coleoptera were the dominant ectophagous taxa, encompassing 50, 20, and 17% of all species found, respectively. The family Miridae contained 60% of the hemipteran fauna. Onopordum herbivores were polyphagous ectophages, and none of them reduced popula- tions of or caused appreciable damage to the plant. The only insect that consistently fed and reproduced on O. acanthium was the aphid Brachycaudus cardui (L.). A notable gap in resource use was the absence of endophages, particularly those attacking the capitula, stems, and roots. Consequently, the importation of a complex of nonindigenous, niche- specific natural enemies may prove to be a highly rewarding undertaking. Key Words: Onopordum, Scotch thistle, weed, biological control, entomofauna Scotch thistle, Onopordum acanthium L. -
Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Com Positae)
t I:iiW 12.5 I:iiW 1.0 W ~ 1.0 W ~ wW .2 J wW l. W 1- W II:"" W "II ""II.i W ft ~ :: ~ ........ 1.1 ....... j 11111.1 I II f .I I ,'"'' 1.25 ""11.4 111111.6 ""'1.25 111111.4 11111 /.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART I NATIONAL BlIREAU Of STANDARDS-1963-A NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A I~~SECTS AND FUNGI ;\SSOCIATED WITH (~ARDUUS THISTLES (COMPOSITAE) r.-::;;;:;· UNITED STATES TECHNICAL PREPARED BY • DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND G AGRICULTURE NUMBER 1616 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION ABSTRACT Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and fungi associated with Carduus thistles (Com positae). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 1616, 100 pp. Six Eurasian species of Carduus thistles (Compositae: Cynareael are troublesome weeds in North America. They are attacked by about 340 species of phytophagous insects, including 71 that are oligophagous on Cynareae. Of these Eurasian insects, 39 were ex tensively tested for host specificity, and 5 of them were sufficiently damf..ghg and stenophagous to warrant their release as biological control agents in North America. They include four beetles: Altica carduorum Guerin-Meneville, repeatedly released but not estab lished; Ceutorhynchus litura (F.), established in Canada and Montana on Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.; Rhinocyllus conicus (Froelich), widely established in the United States and Canada and beginning to reduce Carduus nutans L. populations; Trichosirocalus horridus ~Panzer), established on Carduus nutans in Virginia; and the fly Urophora stylata (F.), established on Cirsium in Canada. -
Biological Control of Carduus Thistles Along Roadsides in Northeastern States
Transportation Research Record 805 l Biological Control of Carduus Thistles Along Roadsides in Northeastern States SUZANNE W.T. BATRA The host·specific European seed-destroying weevil, Rhinocyllus conicus, Bull thistle (Cirsium vulgare) is the predominant has been released at 72 sites in Maryland and Pennsylvania for the bio· thistle in the coastal eastern region (zones l and logical control of Carduus thistles in crown vetch. Established popula· 2) on the red clay or sandy soils; Carduus thistles tions along roadsides are spreading into adjacent thistle-infested pastures. occupy the same ecological niche in zone 3 (lime Another host-specific European beetle, Trichosirocalus horridus, which stone soils), and Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) attacks rosettes, will be released along roadsides in 1981. becomes predominant in western Maryland · as well as in other areas north and west of the Great valley. The distribution of c. acanthoides and c. nutans The northeastern region includes West Virginia, is positively correlated with the. location of fer Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware, New tile soils developed over limestone in three con Jersey, and the six New England States. Carduus tiguous counties, Franklin (Pennsylvania) and Fred species occurring in this region are c. acanthoides erick and Washington (Maryland). In Franklin County (plumeless thistle), C. crispus (curled or welted (_1), this valley soil, referred to as the Hagers thistle), and c. nutans and c. thoermeri (nodding or town-Duffield association, occupies 32 percent