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Kyoto City Landscape Policy

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Kyoto City Landscape Policy Kyoto City Landscape Policy Forming Timeless and Radiant Kyoto Landscapes (September 2007~) Kyoto City 1 Kyoto City Location and Population Kyoto City is located west of central Japan, with a metropolitan population of 1.47 million people. Population : 1,470,000 Area : 828ｋ㎡ ■ Kyoto City location map (widescale) ■ Kyoto City location map Ulaanbaatar ● Kyoto City Nagoya Beijing Seoul City Shanghai Kyoto New Delhi Guangzhou ● Kobe City Taipei Hong Kong ●Osaka City Bangkok Manila Singapore Jakarta 2 Kyoto City Terrain Kitayama The Kyoto City terrain is a basin enclosed to the east, west and north by mountains (Higashiyama, Nishiyama, Kitayama), with two rivers to the north and south. Higashiyama Nishiyama Katsura River Kamo River Kyoto Station ● Kitayama Higashiyama Kyoto Station 3 Kyoto, Historical City Spanning approximately 1000 years as site of the Imperial Dignity, Kyoto is home to the Imperial Palace and many other historical edifices. Kitayama Higashiyama Kyoto Imperial Palace 4 Kyoto's Beautiful Landscapes Kyoto features a multitude of exquisite landscapes interweaving historical buildings with abundance scenes of nature. Sagano (pasture) Nijo Castle (World Heritage Site) Yoshida Residence Kyo-machiya (Kyoto traditional townhouse) Kamo River and Kitayama Kiyomizudera Temple (World Heritage Site) 5 Timeline of Measures to Preserve Kyoto's Landscapes Various measures were established in Kyoto City to protect these landscapes 1930 Scenic Landscape Districts designated (3,400ha → 17,938ha at present) Mid 1950's to 1960's Narabigaoka development issue → Ancient Capitals Preservation Law in 1966 1964 Kyoto Tower issue 1967 Special preservation areas designated under the Ancient Capital Cities Preservation Law (117ha →2,861ha at present) 1972 City Ordinances on Urban Landscape established (nation's first) ・Aesthetic Landscape Districts ・ Large Scale Construction Restriction Zones ・Special Preservation and Improvement Districts (Gion Shimbashi, Sanneizaka) → 1975 Cultural Property Preservation Act revised (newly Preservation Districts for Groups of Historical Buildings) 1973 City Mostly under Height Zone (Center area up to 45m in height) 1991- 92 Report by Committee for Kyoto Town Development on Land Use and Landscape Measures ・Fundamental Concept for Northern Preservation, City Center Revitalization and Southern Creation → 1993 New Kyoto Fundamental Plans (Northern Preservation, Southern Creation, City Center Revitalization) 1995 City Ordinances on the Betterment of Urban Landscape established 1996 Landscape Restriction Districts expanded, Outdoor Advertisement Measures reinforced, Building Height Control reinforced (Aesthetic Landscape Districts 932ha→1,804ha→1,956ha) 2003 3-Point Set Rule for Commercial-Residential Coexisted Districts Introduced (City Center Building Height Control Districts reinforced, Special Use Districts designated, Aesthetic Landscape Districts Expanded) 6 Loss of Kyoto’ssBeautiful Landscape Despite these efforts, beautiful landscapes have been lost. The following societal changes are said to account for this. ChangeChange in in values values and and lifestyles lifestyles EconomyEconomy and and efficiency efficiency drivendriven motivations motivations Loss of Kyo-machiya and other historical Loss of Kyo-machiya and other historical buildings buildings ConstructionConstruction projects projects maladapted maladapted to to surroundingsurrounding cityscape cityscape Loss of scenery and borrowed landscapes Loss of scenery and borrowed landscapes Machiya houses and high-rise buildings Degradation of landscapes due to outdoor Degradation of landscapes due to outdoor advertisements advertisements East bank of Kamo River as seen from west bank (Ponto-cho) Outdoor Apartment buildings near World Heritage Site Buildings visible behind a historical park Advertisements Kamigamo Shrine (Shosei Garden) 117 Fundamental Concept of Kyoto City Landscape Policy To meet these challenges, 5 basic policies framed investigations into regulations and guidelines that suit the region's characteristics, leading to the implementation of the New Landscape Policy in September 2007. Features of Kyoto 5 basic policies Landscape ① ①LandscapingLandscaping that that naturally naturally conforms to scenery in the Kyoto 50 to 100 years conforms to scenery in the Kyoto 50 to 100 years basinbasin later:later:Landscaping Landscaping that that New willwill remain remain relevant relevant as as a a ② Landscaping that coordinates historical city in the ② Landscaping that coordinates landscaping historical city in the harmonyharmony between between succession succession future future ofof traditiona traditional lculture culture and and policies that creationcreation of of new new suit the BuildingsBuildings may may be be ③ region's private property, but ③LandscapingLandscaping comprised comprised of of private property, but multitudinous spaces that landscapelandscape is is public public multitudinous spaces that characteristics bespeakbespeak the the features features of of Kyoto Kyoto assetsassets ④ Landscaping that generates It is each and every one ④ Landscaping that generates It is each and every one thethe city city pulse pulse ofof ours ours duty duty and and responsibility to inherit ⑤ responsibility to inherit ⑤LandscapingLandscaping through through Kyoto'sKyoto's magnificent magnificent partnerships among the landscapes for future partnerships among the landscapes for future government,government, residents residents and and generationsgenerations enterprisesenterprises 8 Landscape Policies Suited to Regional Characteristics (by region) Fine-grained policies suited to regional characteristics. １ Mountainous and piedmont area ５ Historical urban area ① World Heritage Areas (generally within ② Historical buildings and scenic sites Kitaoji St., Higashioji areas St., Kujo St. and ③ Residential areas (residential areas / areas along community roads) Nishioji St.) ① Historical urban cente district ２ Residential areas bordering ② Commercial-residential mountainous area coexisted district ③ Southern historical urban ① Historical assets areas area ② Residential areas (residential areas / ④ Waterfront and green area areas along community roads) ⑤ Historical heritage area ③ Areas along main roads ⑥ Areas along main roads ④ Waterfronts ⑦ Western and southern ⑤ Commercial areas urban areas ⑧ Commercial areas ３ Western region ① Industrial areas ② Residential areas ４ Southern region ① Highly integrated area ６ Eastern region ② Industrial area ① Residential areas ③ Residential areas ② Commercial areas ④ Commercial areas 9 Framework of Kyoto City Landscape Policy The landscape policy comprise 5 main elements and ChangesChanges in in City City Planning Planning the support systems. To implement these measures Building Height Control Districts / in Kyoto City, a broad range of city planning and Building Height Control Districts / ScenicScenic Districts Districts / /Scenic Scenic Landscape Landscape ordinances were changed in 2007. The 5 main Districts elements and the support systems are below. Districts EstablishedEstablished and and Revised Revised City City OrdinancesOrdinances 1 Building Height ＜＜EstablishedEstablished＞＞ ・ ・CityCity Ordinances Ordinances on on the the Preservation Preservation of of 2 The design of VistadVistad Views Views 3 Surrounding ・ ・AnAn ordinance ordinance requiring requiring special special permits permits Scenery and buildings, etc. for building exceeding height controls Vistaed view for building exceeding height controls ＜＜RevisionRevision＞＞ ・ ・CityCity Ordinances Ordinances on on the the Betterment Betterment of of UrbanUrban Landscapes Landscapes The Landscape Policy ・ ・CityCity Ordinances Ordinances on on the the Scenic Scenic 5 Main Elements and the LandscapeLandscape Districts Districts ・ ・OrdinancesOrdinances on on advertisements advertisements Support System ・ ・CityCity Ordinances Ordinances on on the the Preservation Preservation of of NaturalNatural Scenery Scenery DerivativeDerivative and and Supporting Supporting 4 Outdoor 5 Historical MeasuresMeasures Streets Advertisements Support system ProjectsProjects that that improve improve historicalhistorical cityscapes cityscapes 10 Building Height (Building Height Control Districts) The height of buildings is an important element that forms city landscape and environment. To this end, maximum heights have been lowered over a wide range while segmenting height controls according to the areas characteristics. ⇒ Maximum heights have been lowered for Building Height Control Districts in ① Historical City Areas, 1 Building ② Residential Areas in Mountain Foothills, and Height ③ Industrial Areas ※ Heights lowered in 30% of urbanization areas (approximately 15,000ha) ⇒ (Formerly) 10m, 15m, 20m, 31m, 45m FrameworkFramework basis basis (Currently) 10m, 12m, 15m, 20m, 25m, 31m forfor height height over over the the entireentire city city ① ①Fine-grainedFine-grained regulationsregulations suiting suiting BasedBased a a set set height height for for characteristics of buildings in the city characteristics of buildings in the city eacheach area area centercenter where where business is centered. business is centered. ②②Attention to From the center, Attention to From the center, differencedifference in in height height maximummaximum heights heights are are withwith adjacent adjacent areas areas graduallygradually lowered lowered ③ towardtoward the the foothills foothills of of ③ConsiderationConsideration for for thethe three three mountain mountain bothboth land land use use
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