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UNBOUND A Review of Legal History and Rare Books Journal of the Legal History and Rare Books Special Interest Section of the American Association of Law Libraries Volume 12 Number 2 Winter/Spring 2021 UNBOUND A Review of Legal History and Rare Books Unbound: A Review of Legal History and Rare Books (previously published as Unbound: An Annual Review of Legal History and Rare Books) is published by the Legal History and Rare Books Special Interest Section of the American Association of Law Libraries. Articles on legal history and rare books are both welcomed and en- couraged. Contributors need not be members of the Legal History and Rare Books Special Interest Section of the American Associa- tion of Law Libraries. Citation should follow any commonly-used citation guide. Cover Illustration: This depiction of an American Bison, en- graved by David Humphreys, was first published in Hughes Ken- tucky Reports (1803). It was adopted as the symbol of the Legal History and Rare Books Special Interest Section in 2007. BOARD OF EDITORS Mark Podvia, Editor-in-Chief Emeritus Faculty, The Pennsylvania State University 502 Watson Drive Maidsville, WV 26541 Phone: (717)226-8317 Email: [email protected] Noelle M. Sinclair, Executive Editor Head of Special Collections The University of Iowa College of Law 328 Boyd Law Building Iowa City, IA 52242 Phone (319)335-9002 [email protected] Kurt X. Metzmeier, Articles Editor Associate Director University of Louisville Law Library Belknap Campus, 2301 S. Third Louisville, KY 40292 Phone (502)852-6082 [email protected] Christine Anne George, Articles Editor Assistant Director for Faculty & Scholarly Services Dr. Lillian & Dr. Rebecca Chutick Law Library Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law 55 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10003 212.790.0219 [email protected] Ryan Greenwood, Book Review Editor University of Minnesota Law School Curator of Rare Books and Special Collections Mondale Hall, 229 19th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55455 Phone (612)625-7323 [email protected] 4 UNBOUND Vol. 12 No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION 5 ARTICLES Gustavus Schmidt and The Louisiana Law Journal Warren M. Billings 6 Pirates on the Hudson: Copyright Broadsides in the pre-Civil War Law Book Trade John D. Gordan, III 19 Alfred’s Domboc: The Anglo-Saxon Foundations of Magna Carta Christopher Collins 70 BOOK REVIEW 88 2021 UNBOUND 5 Dedication: Michael Widener This issue of Unbound is dedicated to Michael Widener who re- cently retired from his position as Rare Book Librarian and a Lec- turer in Legal Research at Yale Law School. Mike had served as the Rare Book Librarian at the Lillian Goldman Law Library since 2006. He previously served as Head of Special Collections at the Tarlton Law Library, University of Texas at Austin. Many of us have fond memories of his Rare Book School class, "Law Books: History & Connoisseurship," a class he began teaching in 2010. We hope that Mike will enjoy his retirement and will remain in touch with his rare book colleagues! 6 UNBOUND Vol. 12 No. 2 Gustavus Schmidt and The Louisiana Law Journal Warren M. Billings* I first ran across the name Gustavus Schmidt in archives of the Supreme Court of Louisiana and in runs of the Louisiana Reports. From details that emerged, it was obvious that Schmidt was a sought-after litigator who fit in with the coterie of attorneys that dominated appellate practice in the Court before the Civil War. But he was more. During a forty-year career he taught law, collected books, wrote them, and created the state’s first legal periodical, which was one of the earliest in the United States.1 Short-lived though it was, The Louisiana Law Journal made lasting contribu- tions to the state’s legal order. It provided a calm, professional al- ternative to news about the bench and bar not to be found in the noisy, highly partisan newspapers of the day. Additionally, Schmidt opened the pages to articles from advocates for law reform. As such they afford insights into the movement for constitutional revision not seen elsewhere. The Louisiana Law Journal and its founder are the subjects of this article. It begins with a short bio- graphical sketch that explains who Schmidt was and sets him in the context of his day. Then it explores the journal’s origin and discusses the nature of legal publishing in mid-nineteenth-century New Orleans. The set piece of the essay is an analysis of the con- tents of the four issues that comprised the journal. ****** * AB, College of William & Mary; AM, University of Pittsburgh; PhD, Northern Illinois University. Distinguished Professor of History Emeritus, University of New Orleans and Bicentennial Historian of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. Thanks are due Georgia Chadwick and Florence M. Jumonville for their assistance. An appreciation is due Michael Widener, Rare Books Librarian at the Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale University. I am also indebted to Carol D. Billings for her close reading and editorial suggestions. 1 Schmidt has no biographer. However, M.H. Hoeflich and Louis de la Vergne, “Gustavus Schmidt: His Life & Library,” Roman Legal Tradition, 1 (2002): 112-22 is the best available sketch. It is based on some of Schmidt’s papers in the Gustavus Schmidt Family Pa- pers at Tulane University. 2021 UNBOUND 7 Much as a magnet, antebellum New Orleans attracted seasoned attorneys and would-be lawyers like so many iron filings. Drawn by the prospect of wealth, place, and power or the chance to escape misfortunes, they hailed from across the nation and abroad. Those graced with superior skill and talent achieved high reputations as leading advocates at the bar and legal thinkers, and they contrib- uted to the making of Louisiana’s courts and its distinctive mixed jurisdiction. A native of Sweden, Gustavus Schmidt (1795–1877) was one of them. Named for Sweden’s celebrated seventeenth-cen- tury warrior king Gustavus II Adolph2, Schmidt was born into a prominent family with links to the Swedish government and its ju- dicial branch. He received a classical education before the smell of blue water drew him to a stint with the Swedish navy in 1811. Four years later he quit and beached up in New York City, but he soon removed to one of the towns (Annapolis?) in Ann Arundel County, Maryland, and tutored its young people for several years. By 1823 he was living in Gloucester County, Virginia, after having been nat- uralized in Baltimore five years earlier.3 Now a U.S. citizen, he re- settled again, this time to study law in Richmond. As was typical then, he apprenticed with an established attorney until he felt suf- ficiently versed in the law of the commonwealth to sit his examina- tion before a panel of Virginia high court judges. He passed with no difficulty and won his license. The name of his mentor is un- certain but it could have been John Wickham, who was a close friend of Chief Justice John Marshall. Schmidt’s cases in the fed- eral circuit court drew him to its presiding judge, Marshall, and he became Marshall’s protégé. That connection proved insufficient to overcome the stiff competition from other young lawyers who strug- gled against him to establish profitable practices. He gave up try- ing in 1829 and decamped for New Orleans.4 2 Gustavus II Adolph (1594–1632) transformed Sweden into a ma- jor power that took a leading part in advancing the Protestant cause during the Thirty Years War. He was a brilliant military strat- egist and a fearless field commander who was killed at the battle of Lützen. 3 Certified transcript of Schmidt’s registration as foreign national and his naturalization, 12 [. .]ber? 1823, John Minor Wisdom Pa- pers, Tulane University. The original transcript was filed in the rec- ords by the clerk of the Gloucester County Court. It no longer exists because it was in the county archives that were transferred to Rich- mond for safekeeping during the Civil War only to be destroyed in the fire of 3 April 1865. The loss prevents any possibility of tracing Schmidt’s activities while he lived in Gloucester. 4 E. Lee Shepherd, “Breaking into the Profession: Establishing a Law Practice in Antebellum Virginia,” Journal of Southern History, 48 (1982): 393-95. 8 UNBOUND Vol. 12 No. 2 Unlike the situation Schmidt left behind in Richmond, he arrived in the Crescent City advantaged in ways his potential competitors were not. His admission to the Virginia and federal bars automat- ically assured that he would be admitted in Louisiana with little delay. Not only was he skilled in Anglo-American common law, but he knew European civil law quite well, and he had fluency in Span- ish, French, German, Russian, and Latin, as well as his native tongue. It is very likely that he also carried letters of introduction and/or recommendation from Richmonders to their friends in New Orleans. Given this background it is no stretch to say that in his day he was among the strongest applicants ever to present himself to the Supreme Court, which is evident from the speed with which the judges5 licensed him within months of his alighting in town.6 A personable chap, Schmidt did not want for companionship as he settled down. He socialized easily, attended balls and concerts, gambled, and like other men on the make, he married well when he wed Melanie Seghers in 1831. She was a daughter of Dominque Seghers, a rich attorney and real estate speculator, who gifted her with a substantial dowry that included a French Quarter residence and several young slaves.7 They had four children before she died in 1836, which suddenly left their care to him.8 As a single father 5 At the time members of the Court were constitutionally styled “judges,” rather than “justices.” The latter style was adopted in Ar- ticle 4 of the Constitution of 1845.
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