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The Funding Models and Performance of National Sports Federations Affiliated to the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee

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The Funding Models and Performance of National Sports Federations Affiliated to the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee The funding models and performance of National Sports Federations affiliated to the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee Wessel J Strydom 23144034 A research project submitted to the Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration. 9 November 2015 Abstract The 1995 Rugby World Cup and more recently the 2010 FIFA Football World Cup proved that sport can unite a previously divided nation. In order to participate in these major tournaments and events on an international level, national sports teams have to be competitive. The funding models used by national sports federations play a vital role in ensuring that national sports teams are competitive. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the funding models used by the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee and the National Sports Federations; and the performance at international competitions and events. The main research methodology adopted for this study was exploratory in nature. The research design utilised was a mixed-method approach with a longitudinal design and entailed the collection and analysis of data for the period 2001 to 2014. The results from the quantitative research did not reveal any clear relationship between the variables under consideration and the performance of the national sports federations. Additional information was gathered through semi-structured interviews, which proved to be invaluable in explaining why the quantitative research did not reveal any clear relationship, between the variables under consideration and the performance of the national sports federations. Keywords Sports Performance, Sports Funding, Elite Sport, Mass Participation i Declaration I declare that this research project is my own work. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration at the Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria. It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. I further declare that I have obtained the necessary authorisation and consent to carry out this research. _______________ 9 November 2015 Wessel J Strydom Date ii Contents 1. Research Problem ...............................................................................................................1 1.1. Research Title .......................................................................................................................1 1.2. Background ...........................................................................................................................1 1.3. South African Sport Structures ..........................................................................................2 1.3.1 Sport and Recreation South Africa ..............................................................................2 1.3.2 South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee ................................2 1.4. South Africa’s Participation at the Games ........................................................................3 1.4.1 Summer Olympics ..........................................................................................................3 1.4.2 Commonwealth Games .................................................................................................4 1.5. Relevance and Motivation ..................................................................................................5 1.6. Research Aim .......................................................................................................................7 1.7. Research Purpose ...............................................................................................................7 2. Literature review ...................................................................................................................8 2.1. Introduction ...........................................................................................................................8 2.2. Sports Financing ..................................................................................................................9 2.2.1 Public Funding ............................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Private Funding ............................................................................................................ 13 2.3. Funding Programmes ....................................................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Elite Sports ................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Grassroots Development and Mass Participation .................................................. 18 2.4. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 19 3. Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 20 3.1. Research Question 1 ........................................................................................................ 20 3.2. Research Question 2 ........................................................................................................ 20 3.3. Research Question 3 ........................................................................................................ 20 4. Research Methodology .................................................................................................... 22 4.1. Research Design ............................................................................................................... 23 iii 4.2. Population .......................................................................................................................... 24 4.3. Unit of Analysis .................................................................................................................. 25 4.4. Sampling Methods and Size ............................................................................................ 25 4.5. Data Gathering .................................................................................................................. 26 4.5.1 Medal Tables ................................................................................................................ 26 4.5.2 Financial Data .............................................................................................................. 27 4.5.3 Semi-structured Interviews ......................................................................................... 28 4.6. Data Preparation and Analysis ....................................................................................... 28 4.6.1 Medal Tables ................................................................................................................ 29 4.6.2 Financial Data .............................................................................................................. 29 4.6.2.1 Categories ................................................................................................................. 29 4.6.2.2 Variable Calculation ................................................................................................. 30 4.6.2.3 Missing Data ............................................................................................................. 31 4.6.3 Semi-Structured Interviews ........................................................................................ 31 4.7. Research Assumptions .................................................................................................... 32 4.8. Research Limitations ........................................................................................................ 33 5. Results ................................................................................................................................ 34 5.1 Financial Data - Income ................................................................................................... 34 5.2 Financial Data – Programmes and Expenditure .......................................................... 44 5.3 Semi Structured Interviews - Income ............................................................................. 54 5.3.1 Interview One ............................................................................................................... 54 5.3.2 Interview Two ............................................................................................................... 56 5.3.3 Interview Three ............................................................................................................ 58 5.4 Semi Structured Interviews – Programmes and Expenditure .................................... 59 5.4.1 Interview One ............................................................................................................... 60 5.4.2 Interview Two ............................................................................................................... 61 5.4.3 Interview Three ............................................................................................................ 61 5.4.4 Summary of Findings - Interviews ............................................................................. 62 iv 6. Discussion of Results ......................................................................................................
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