Serbia-Corridor-X-Highway-Project

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Serbia-Corridor-X-Highway-Project Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00004519 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT (Loan No. 7746-YF/8655-YF) ON A Public Disclosure Authorized LOAN IN THE AMOUNT OF EUR 310.2 MILLION (US$ 426.9 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE Republic of Serbia FOR THE Public Disclosure Authorized CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT March 24, 2020 Transport Global Practice Europe And Central Asia Region Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (Exchange Rate Effective September 30, 2019) Currency Unit = Euro EUR 0.92 = US$1 US$ 1.09 = EUR1 RSD 117.50 = EUR1 FISCAL YEAR July 1 - June 30 Regional Vice President: Cyril E Muller Country Director: Linda Van Gelder Regional Director: Lucio Monari Practice Manager: Karla Gonzalez Carvajal Task Team Leader(s): Svetlana Vukanovic ICR Main Contributor: Mitsuyoshi Asada/Nino Pkhikidze ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AADT Annual Average Daily Traffic AF Additional Financing BSM Black Spot Management CD Country Director CLLD Community-Led Local Development CPF Country Partnership Framework CPI Consumer Price Index CoS Corridor of Serbia CPS Country Partnership Strategy CXHP Corridor X Highway Project E&S Environmental and Social EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EBRD WBF EBRD Western Balkans Fund EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIB European Investment Bank EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan EU European Union EUR Euro FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return FM Financial Management FY Fiscal Year GDP Gross Domestic Products GoS Government of Serbia HDM Highway Development and Management Model HiPERB Hellenic Plan for the Economic Reconstruction of the Balkans IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICR Implementation Completion and Results Report IFI International Financing Institution IFR Interim Financial Report IOC Incremental Operating Costs IMF International Monetary Fund IPA EU Instrument for Pre-accession Assessment iRAP International Road Assessment Program IRIs Intermediate Results Indicators ITD Integrated Territorial Development ITI Integrated Territorial Investment ITS Intelligent Transport System K10DOO Koridor 10 Drustvo sa Organicenom Odgovornoscu LCD Loan Closing Date M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NRSC National Road Safety Council NRSS National Road Safety Strategy SEETO South East Europe Transport Observatory PAD Project Appraisal Document PBMC Performance-based Maintenance Contract PCN Project Concept Note PDO Project Development Objective PEPS Public Enterprise ‘Putevi Srbije’ PPP Public Private Partnership RAMS Road Asset Management System RAP Resettlement Action Plan RF Results Framework RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RVP Regional Vice President SBA Stand-by Arrangement TA Technical Assistance US$ United States Dollars WB World Bank WBIF Western Balkans Investment Framework TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA SHEET .......................................................................................................................... 1 I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 5 A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL .........................................................................................................5 B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION (IF APPLICABLE) .......................................9 II. OUTCOME .................................................................................................................... 10 A. RELEVANCE OF PDOs ............................................................................................................ 10 B. ACHIEVEMENT OF PDOs (EFFICACY) ...................................................................................... 11 C. EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................................................... 13 D. JUSTIFICATION OF OVERALL OUTCOME RATING .................................................................... 15 E. OTHER OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS (IF ANY) ............................................................................ 16 III. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME ................................ 17 A. KEY FACTORS DURING PREPARATION ................................................................................... 17 B. KEY FACTORS DURING IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................. 18 IV. BANK PERFORMANCE, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME .. 20 A. QUALITY OF MONITORING AND EVALUATION (M&E) ............................................................ 20 B. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND FIDUCIARY COMPLIANCE ..................................................... 21 C. BANK PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................................... 22 D. RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME ....................................................................................... 23 V. LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 24 ANNEX 1. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND KEY OUTPUTS ........................................................... 26 ANNEX 2. BANK LENDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT/SUPERVISION ......................... 35 ANNEX 3. PROJECT COST BY COMPONENT ........................................................................... 37 ANNEX 4. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 38 ANNEX 5. WIDER SOCIO-ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF CORRIDOR X ............................................ 42 ANNEX 6. BORROWER, CO-FINANCIER AND OTHER PARTNER/STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS ... 45 1 PROJECT CONTEXT ........................................................................................................ 45 1.1. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL ................................................................................................ 45 1.2 COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................... 47 1.3 SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION ....................................................... 50 2 COST ALLOCATION AND DISBURSEMENTS ..................................................................... 50 3 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................................................... 52 4. ACHIEVEMENT OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ............................................... 53 4.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ................................................................................... 53 5. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME ................................ 54 6. BORROWER AND BANK PERFORMANCE ........................................................................ 54 6.1 BANK PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................... 54 7. LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 55 ANNEX 7. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS .................................................................................. 57 The World Bank CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT (P108005) DATA SHEET BASIC INFORMATION Product Information Project ID Project Name P108005 CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT Country Financing Instrument Serbia Investment Project Financing Original EA Category Revised EA Category Full Assessment (A) Full Assessment (A) Organizations Borrower Implementing Agency Corridors of Serbia, Koridori Srbije Drustvo sa Republic of Serbia Ogranicenom Odgovornoscu Project Development Objective (PDO) Original PDO The Project Development Objective is to increase transport efficiency and improve traffic safety on the three project sections ofCorridor X, between Nis and Dimitrovgrad and Grabovnica and Donji Neradovac respectively, and to improve road management and roadsafety in Serbia. Page 1 of 57 The World Bank CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT (P108005) FINANCING Original Amount (US$) Revised Amount (US$) Actual Disbursed (US$) World Bank Financing 388,000,000 388,000,000 335,213,259 IBRD-77460 38,900,000 38,900,000 40,340,629 IBRD-86550 Total 426,900,000 426,900,000 375,553,888 Non-World Bank Financing 0 0 0 Borrower/Recipient 60,000,000 60,000,000 7,240,000 Total 60,000,000 60,000,000 7,240,000 Total Project Cost 486,900,000 486,900,000 382,793,888 KEY DATES Approval Effectiveness MTR Review Original Closing Actual Closing 09-Jul-2009 06-Nov-2009 28-Mar-2014 31-Dec-2015 30-Sep-2019 RESTRUCTURING AND/OR ADDITIONAL FINANCING Date(s) Amount Disbursed (US$M) Key Revisions 11-Feb-2014 117.57 Change in Loan Closing Date(s) 25-Oct-2016 275.96 Additional Financing 25-Jun-2018 355.61 Change in Loan Closing Date(s) KEY RATINGS Outcome Bank Performance M&E Quality Satisfactory Satisfactory Substantial Page 2 of 57 The World Bank CORRIDOR X HIGHWAY PROJECT (P108005) RATINGS OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN ISRs Actual No. Date ISR Archived DO Rating IP Rating Disbursements (US$M) 01 30-Nov-2009 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 02 03-May-2010 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 03 18-Dec-2010 Satisfactory Satisfactory 16.01 04 29-Mar-2011 Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 17.85 05 13-Feb-2012 Satisfactory Moderately Satisfactory 33.12 06 28-Dec-2012 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory 61.21 07 28-Jun-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory 78.85 08 29-Dec-2013 Moderately Satisfactory Moderately Unsatisfactory 111.45 09 05-Apr-2014 Moderately Satisfactory
Recommended publications
  • Roads Are Often Crowded, Frequently in Poor Condition, Chronically Underfunded, and Are Becoming More Dangerous
    OVERVIEW America’s roads are often crowded, frequently in poor condition, chronically underfunded, and are becoming more dangerous. More than two out of every five miles of America’s urban interstates are congested and traffic delays cost the country $160 billion in wasted time and fuel in 2014. One out of every five miles of highway pavement is in poor condition and our roads have a significant and increasing backlog of rehabilitation needs. After years of decline, traffic fatalities increased by 7% from 2014 to 2015, with 35,092 people dying on America’s roads. CAPACITY & CONDITION With over four million miles of roads crisscrossing the United States, from 15 lane interstates to residential streets, roads are among the most visible and familiar forms of infrastructure. In 2016 alone, U.S. roads carried people and goods over 3.2 trillion miles—or more than 300 round trips between Earth and Pluto. After a slight dip during the 2008 recession, Americans are driving more and vehicle miles travelled hit a record high in 2016. With more traffic on the roads, it is no surprise that America’s congestion problem is getting worse, but adding additional lanes or new roads to the highway system will not solve congestion on its own. More than two out of every five miles of the nation’s urban interstates are congested. Of the country’s 100 largest metro areas, all but five saw increased traffic congestion from 2013 to 2014. In 2014, Americans spent 6.9 billion hours delayed in traffic—42 hours per driver. All of that sitting in traffic wasted 3.1 billion gallons of fuel.
    [Show full text]
  • The Permanence of Limited Access Highways*
    The Permanence of Limited Access Highways* Adolf D. M ay, Jr. Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Clarkson College of Technology Potsdam, N. Y. Almost all studies of urban and state highway needs point out that in general streets and highways are not adequate for present traffic. Furthermore, these studies indicate that future traffic will have greater demands, and unless more action is taken, the highways will deteriorate, structurally and geometrically, at a rate faster than they can be replaced. The American way of life is dependent upon highways, as ex­ emplified by the rapid development of commercial, industrial, and residential areas along a new highway. In certain cases, this land development has occurred before the highway was opened to traffic. In the development of a new high-type highway, design features are controlled to permit optimum safe speeds, but as soon as some highways are open there is so much of a conflict between the high speed of through traffic and the variable speed of local traffic that control of speed is often a necessity. Soon afterwards, slow signs, blinking lights, and finally stop signs and traffic lights become necessary, thus decreasing the effectiveness in the movement of through traffic. Then it is usually too late and too expensive to rehabilitate the geometric design of the route, and the usual procedure is to leave the existing route to serve adjacent property and to build a new route for the through traffic. However, without protection of the new route from the development of the adjacent property, the strangulation will occur again and the highway, particularly near urban areas, will again become geometrically inadequate for the intended purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • The Automobile Accident Insurance Act
    1 AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT INSURANCE c A-35 The Automobile Accident Insurance Act being Chapter A-35 of The Revised Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1978 (effective February 26, 1979) as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1979, c.69; 1979-80, c.92; 1980-81, c.34 and 83; 1982-83, c.16 and 22; 1983, c.66, 80 and 82; 1983-84, c.1, 16 and 54; 1984-85-86, c.1 and 47; 1986, c.1 and 33; 1986-87-88, c.29; 1988-89, c.37, c.42, c.44, c.54 and c.55; 1989-90, c.15; 1990-91, c.35; 1992, c.20; 1994, c.34; 1996, c.9; 1997, c.S-50.11 and 12; 1998, c.18; 2000, c.A-5.3, I-2.01 and 5; 2001, c.33; 2002, c.44; 2004, c.L-16.1, T-18.1 and 35; 2005, c.5; 2006, c.25; 2011, c.3; 2012, c.14; 2013, c.S-15.1, W-17.11 and c.27; 2014, c.E-13.1; 2015, c.F-13.1001, c.I-9.11, c.21 and c.28; 2016, c.11, c.27 and c.28; 2018, c.6, c.21 and c.42; and 2020, c.20. NOTE: This consolidation is not official. Amendments have been incorporated for convenience of reference and the original statutes and regulations should be consulted for all purposes of interpretation and application of the law. In order to preserve the integrity of the original statutes and regulations, errors that may have appeared are reproduced in this consolidation.
    [Show full text]
  • ANALYSIS of HIGHWAY CONCESSIONS in EUROPE French Study for the DERD/WERD
    CONTENTS ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY CONCESSIONS IN EUROPE French Study for the DERD/WERD INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………….….1 I. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION PRACTICE IN EUROPE ……………………………2 I.1 TOLL CONCESSIONS …………………………………………………………………………………..5 I.1.1 Toll system advantages and disadvantages I.I.2. Toll system functions I.1.3. Acceptability of toll systems in Europe I.2 SHADOW TOLL CONCESSIONS…………………………………………………………………….14 I.2.1 Definition I.2.2 Shadow toll practice in Europe I.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of shadow tolls I.3. INITIAL CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING THE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION APPROACH IN EUROPE …………………………………………………………18 I.3.1. Concession approach and remuneration of the concession company I.3.2. Widely varying road infrastructure practice in Europe I.3.3. Concession contracts compared with other infrastructure funding systems I.3.4 Principal merits of concession contracts I.3.5 Integration of socio-economic and equity return in connection with the decision to set up a concession contract I.3.6 Comparison of state-owned and private concession companies II. KEY COMPONENTS OF A ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION….………………...…38 II. 1. CONCESSION LOT SIZE………………………………………………………………………….…38 II. 2. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION PERIOD……………………………………..………3 II.3 DEFINITION OF TOLL CHARGES …………………………………………………..………………40 II.3.1 Setting toll charges II.3.2 Remuneration of concession companies on a DBFO type basis – the interesting "traffic band concept II.4 CONCESSION COMPANY SELECTION PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA……………………...44 II.5 CONCESSION COMPANY FREEDOM………………………………………………………………46 II.6 SHARING OF RISKS BETWEEN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND CONCESSION COMPANIES ……….48 II.6.1. Transfer of risks in the case of a toll concession II.6.2 Transfer of risks in a shadow toll system II.7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal
    The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal Extended Abstract Gonçalo Pereira Rosmaninho October 2010 The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal Extended abstract Technical University of Lisbon Gonçalo Pereira Rosmaninho Abstract In the last two decades the Portuguese road sector has experienced profound changes. The main outcome of these changes is a superior highway network, which allows traveling across almost all the country with comfort and ease. These highways are operated by private entities, through concession contracts signed between them and the public partner, the State directly, or indirectly by the Portugal Road Company (EP). These concessions, which are public-private partnerships, need to be subject to regulation. This regulation could be contained in the concession contracts, or done by a road sector regulator, which in Portugal is the Institute for the Road Sector (InIR). The contract regulation, although with some common features, differs and has specific particularities on each contract type. The regulation duties assigned to InIR, jointly with the concession contracts and the legal framework, defines the Portuguese road sector participation rules. In Portugal, the success of concessions in the road sector can be much higher if there are improvements on contract design and if the regulator becomes more independent, more pro-active, and is endowed with more tools. Keywords: regulation; concession; road sector; contract. 1. Introduction Since the last decade of the past century until nowadays, the Portuguese government has made a great effort to improve the road sector in Portugal, with the main objectives of renewing the network, shortening the distances between the populations and reducing accidents, and this last was a serious problem to solve.
    [Show full text]
  • POPE of LNMS: A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Evaluation Report
    POPE of LNMS A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Evaluation Report January 2016 Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Highways England’s information and use in relation to POPE of LNMS. Atkins Limited assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. This document has 74 pages including the cover. Document history Job number: 5107696 Document ref: S11031_POPE of Large LNMS Report_v2.0.docx Revision Purpose description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date Rev 1.0 First Draft JB RF RD AC 16/10/15 Rev 2.0 Final Report JB RG AC AC 05/02/16 Client signoff Client Highways England Project POPE of LNMS Document title POPE of LNMS Evaluation Report Job no. 5107696 POPE of LNMS | A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Improvement 2 Table of contents Chapter Pages Glossary 5 1. Introduction 8 Background 8 Purpose of this report 9 2. Scheme Detail 10 Introduction 10 Background 10 Location 11 Pre-Scheme Junction Layout 11 Post-Scheme Junction Layout 14 Post-Scheme Site Observations 15 Stakeholder Feedback 20 3. Traffic Volumes 24 Introduction 24 Data Source 24 Traffic Volume 24 Daily Traffic Patterns 25 Traffic Turning Movements 28 Summary 31 4. Journey Time Analysis 32 Introduction 32 Data Source 32 Journey Time Comparison 33 Journey Time Reliability 35 Calculation of annual vehicle hour benefits 37 Summary 39 5. Safety Impacts 40 Introduction 40 Data Source 40 Post-Scheme 42 Accident Rate Change 44 Accident Causation 45 Location Breakdown 46 Security 46 Summary 47 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Highway Access Frank M
    Nebraska Law Review Volume 38 | Issue 2 Article 4 1959 Control of Highway Access Frank M. Covey Jr. Northwestern University Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr Recommended Citation Frank M. Covey Jr., Control of Highway Access, 38 Neb. L. Rev. 407 (1959) Available at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr/vol38/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CONTROL OF HIGHWAY ACCESS Frank M. Covey, Jr.* State control of both public and private access is fast becom- ing a maxim of modern highway programming. Such control is not only an important feature of the Interstate Highway Program, but of other state highway construction programs as well. Under such programs, authorized by statute, it is no longer possible for the adjacent landowner to maintain highway access from any part of his property; no longer does every cross-road join the highway. This concept of control and limitation of access involves many legal problems of importance to the attorney. In the following article, the author does much to explain the origin and nature of access control, laying important stress upon the legal methods and problems involved. The Editors. I. INTRODUCTION-THE NEED FOR ACCESS CONTROL On September 13, 1899, in New York City, the country's first motor vehicle fatality was recorded. On December 22, 1951, fifty- two years and three months later, the millionth motor vehicle traffic death occurred.' In 1955 alone, 38,300 persons were killed (318 in Nebraska); 1,350,000 were injured; and the economic loss ran to over $4,500,000,000.2 If the present death rate of 6.4 deaths per 100,000,000 miles of traffic continues, the two millionth traffic victim will die before 1976, twenty years after the one millionth.
    [Show full text]
  • Deploying a Portuguese Highway C-ITS Network Under C-ROADS Portugal
    Virtual ITS European Congress, 9-10 November 2020 Paper number ITS-XXXX A-to-Be experience: deploying a Portuguese highway C-ITS network under C-ROADS Portugal Jorge Pais Ribeiro1*, Lara Trigueiro Moura2 1. [email protected], A-to-Be, Portugal 2. [email protected], A-to-Be, Portugal Abstract Over the last few years, A-to-Be, powered by Brisa, has been developing state-of-the art mobility solutions, including an end-to-end C-ITS framework that addresses interoperability among different road operators and across borders. This article describes A-to-Be’s vision, approaches and main roles for the Portuguese C-ROADS project, which started in November 2017 and will last for 4 years. It consists on a large-scale deployment divided on 5 macro pilots that cover urban, rural and cross-border areas, aiming for the validation of harmonized and interoperable cooperative systems in Portuguese infrastructures. Keywords: C-ITS Deployment, C-ROADS, ITG-G5 Introduction Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) have been fast-evolving to provide innovative services for increasing safety and reducing the environmental impacts of transport. These systems, specifically those that use Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) for vehicle- to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, assist drivers by warning about road occurrences beforehand, contributing for accident and traffic congestion reduction. Although, for these systems to work effectively, a harmonized set of standards between the C-ITS infrastructure and vehicle equipment are needed [9]. Lately, great efforts have been made to develop harmonized standards for cooperative vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • CORRESPONDENCE/MEMORANDUM______State of Wisconsin
    CORRESPONDENCE/MEMORANDUM________________State of Wisconsin Date: August 26, 2021 To: Users of the Traffic Engineering, Operations & Safety (TEOpS) Manual From: Bill McNary State Traffic Engineer Subject: AUGUST 2021 ISSUANCE Listed below and placed in the BTO Manuals Library website are changes and additions to the Traffic Engineering, Operations & Safety Manual. Please make your coworkers aware of the following changes and that they can be found at http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/doing-bus/local- gov/traffic-ops/manuals-and-standards/trans.aspx. The Traffic Engineering, Operations and Safety Manual can be found at: http://wisconsindot.gov/Pages/doing-bus/local-gov/traffic-ops/manuals-and- standards/teops/default.aspx The following changes to the TEOpS Manual have been made: • 1-5-5 Table of Contents (UPDATED) • 2-4-43 Conventional Road Intersections (NEW) • 2-4-44 Conventional Roads on Approaches to Interchanges (UPDATED) Placed figures near references in narrative. • 2-4-51 Rustic Road Signs (UPDATED). Updated assembly codes and replaced Figure 1 with updated figure/codes. • 12-5-3 Intersection Conflict Warning System (NEW) • 12-5-4 Friction Surface Treatment (NEW) • 13-5 Traffic Regulations Speed Limits (UPDATED). All subjects were updated, 13-5-2 was created. o Pulled useful information from the Speed Management Guidelines into 13-5-1 and retired Speed Management Guidelines. o Improved the policy’s flow in hopes of making it more user friendly and understandable. o Created a speed study process flowchart to go along with the instructions for each step. o Added tabular comparison of data collection methods (from speed mgmt. guidelines) o Changed the way transitional speed zone limits were defined (instead of a set minimum limit, the length is based on the approach speeds) o Provided updated speed study examples and links to helpful templates and applications o 13-5-2 was created specifically for more information on speed limits for locals including how to determine outlying districts and semiurban districts both visually and written.
    [Show full text]
  • Gateways National Report for Cyprus
    1 ACCESSIBILITY AND GATEWAYS - CYPRUS NATIONAL REPORT CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ 6 2 The Island of Cyprus..................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Economic Data.............................................................................................. 12 2.3 Population Data............................................................................................. 13 2.4 Employment.................................................................................................. 14 2.5 Unemployment.............................................................................................. 16 3 The Institutional Framework for Transport Supply and Demand by Mode ............. 17 3.1 Transport Organization ..................................................................................... 17 3.2 Land Transport.................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 The Public Works Department.................................................................. 19 3.2.2 The Department of Town Planning and Housing ..................................... 20 3.2.3 The Department of Road Transport .......................................................... 20 3.2.4 District Administrations and Municipalities............................................. 21 3.2.5 General Remarks......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Road Lengths in Great Britain 2018
    Statistical Release 14th May 2019 Road Lengths in Great Britain 2018 In 2018, the total road length in Great Britain was estimated to be 246,700 miles. There were 31,800 miles of in Great Britain in 2018, About this release major road This annual release presents consisting of: estimates for road lengths in Great Britain maintained at • 2,300 miles of motorway (99% trunk, 1% principal) public expense. • 29,400 miles of ‘A’ road (18% trunk, 82% principal) These estimates are based on information from a range of There were 214,900 miles of minor road in Great Britain in 2018, sources, including Ordnance consisting of: Survey and local authorities. The majority of the data relate • 18,800 miles of ‘B’ road to the time point of April 2018. Detailed statistical tables can • 53,400 miles of ‘C’ road be accessed online via the road length statistical series. • 142,700 miles of ‘U’ road In this publication Road length in Great Britain in 2018, by road type Trends Over Time....p2 Major Roads - 13% of total Minor Roads - 87% of total road Road Length by Country....p3 road length (31,800 miles) length (214,900 miles) Rural / Urban Breakdowns.... p3 Traffic and Road Length....p4 Background....p4 'A'Roads 'B' Roads 'U' Roads 'C'Roads Motorways Roads in Great Britain By length, most roads in Great Britain are managed locally (by a local highway authority or Transport for London). This includes all minor roads (‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘U’ roads), and some major roads (principal ‘A’ roads and motorways). The rest of the major roads (trunk motorways and ‘A’ roads) are managed centrally by Highways England (formerly the Highways Agency), Transport Scotland, and the Welsh Government.
    [Show full text]
  • Alex Avgoustis Executive Engineer Public Works Department Ministry of Communications & Works Republic of Cyprus PO Box 24865
    ROAD MARKINGS TO INCREASE ROUNDABOUT LANE UTILIZATION AND SAFETY IN CYPRUS Alex Avgoustis Executive Engineer Public Works Department Ministry of Communications & Works Republic of Cyprus PO Box 24865 Nicosia, 1304 Cyprus [email protected] [email protected] Tel. +357-99-328279 +357-22-806645 Fax. +357-22-667795 Prepared for: Transportation Research Board National Roundabout Conference Kansas City, Missouri, USA May 18-21, 2008 Topic: Signing, Marking and Design for Efficient Operation and Safety Word Count Abstract: 250 Body & References: 3,018 Figures: 11 x 250: 2,750 Total: 6,018 National Roundabout Conference 2008 1 Transportation Research Board ABSTRACT The main focus of this paper is to examine the introduction of road markings and signage at multi-lane roundabouts in Cyprus as a measure to improve safety. Successful applications from other countries prove that lane separating markings inside the circle of a roundabout can improve safety and increase the flow of traffic through the roundabout. Road markings increase the utilization of available road space at a roundabout and can also improve driver behavior. Over the past few years in Cyprus, many rear-end and side-to-side collisions have been reported at two and three lane roundabouts with the Ministry of Communications and Works and the Police seeking solutions to improve the situation and better manage the rising traffic levels at roundabouts. A pilot scheme introducing road markings at a small roundabout yielded positive results and a minor decrease in collisions which encouraged the authorities to widen the scheme to cover larger roundabouts with two and three lanes.
    [Show full text]