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Tattoos & IP Norms
Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons Faculty Publications 2013 Tattoos & IP Norms Aaron K. Perzanowski Case Western University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Repository Citation Perzanowski, Aaron K., "Tattoos & IP Norms" (2013). Faculty Publications. 47. https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/faculty_publications/47 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Article Tattoos & IP Norms Aaron Perzanowski† Introduction ............................................................................... 512 I. A History of Tattoos .............................................................. 516 A. The Origins of Tattooing ......................................... 516 B. Colonialism & Tattoos in the West ......................... 518 C. The Tattoo Renaissance .......................................... 521 II. Law, Norms & Tattoos ........................................................ 525 A. Formal Legal Protection for Tattoos ...................... 525 B. Client Autonomy ...................................................... 532 C. Reusing Custom Designs ......................................... 539 D. Copying Custom Designs ....................................... -
The Bush Revolution: the Remaking of America's Foreign Policy
The Bush Revolution: The Remaking of America’s Foreign Policy Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Lindsay The Brookings Institution April 2003 George W. Bush campaigned for the presidency on the promise of a “humble” foreign policy that would avoid his predecessor’s mistake in “overcommitting our military around the world.”1 During his first seven months as president he focused his attention primarily on domestic affairs. That all changed over the succeeding twenty months. The United States waged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. U.S. troops went to Georgia, the Philippines, and Yemen to help those governments defeat terrorist groups operating on their soil. Rather than cheering American humility, people and governments around the world denounced American arrogance. Critics complained that the motto of the United States had become oderint dum metuant—Let them hate as long as they fear. September 11 explains why foreign policy became the consuming passion of Bush’s presidency. Once commercial jetliners plowed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, it is unimaginable that foreign policy wouldn’t have become the overriding priority of any American president. Still, the terrorist attacks by themselves don’t explain why Bush chose to respond as he did. Few Americans and even fewer foreigners thought in the fall of 2001 that attacks organized by Islamic extremists seeking to restore the caliphate would culminate in a war to overthrow the secular tyrant Saddam Hussein in Iraq. Yet the path from the smoking ruins in New York City and Northern Virginia to the battle of Baghdad was not the case of a White House cynically manipulating a historic catastrophe to carry out a pre-planned agenda. -
Roads Are Often Crowded, Frequently in Poor Condition, Chronically Underfunded, and Are Becoming More Dangerous
OVERVIEW America’s roads are often crowded, frequently in poor condition, chronically underfunded, and are becoming more dangerous. More than two out of every five miles of America’s urban interstates are congested and traffic delays cost the country $160 billion in wasted time and fuel in 2014. One out of every five miles of highway pavement is in poor condition and our roads have a significant and increasing backlog of rehabilitation needs. After years of decline, traffic fatalities increased by 7% from 2014 to 2015, with 35,092 people dying on America’s roads. CAPACITY & CONDITION With over four million miles of roads crisscrossing the United States, from 15 lane interstates to residential streets, roads are among the most visible and familiar forms of infrastructure. In 2016 alone, U.S. roads carried people and goods over 3.2 trillion miles—or more than 300 round trips between Earth and Pluto. After a slight dip during the 2008 recession, Americans are driving more and vehicle miles travelled hit a record high in 2016. With more traffic on the roads, it is no surprise that America’s congestion problem is getting worse, but adding additional lanes or new roads to the highway system will not solve congestion on its own. More than two out of every five miles of the nation’s urban interstates are congested. Of the country’s 100 largest metro areas, all but five saw increased traffic congestion from 2013 to 2014. In 2014, Americans spent 6.9 billion hours delayed in traffic—42 hours per driver. All of that sitting in traffic wasted 3.1 billion gallons of fuel. -
The Permanence of Limited Access Highways*
The Permanence of Limited Access Highways* Adolf D. M ay, Jr. Assistant Professor of Civil Engineering Clarkson College of Technology Potsdam, N. Y. Almost all studies of urban and state highway needs point out that in general streets and highways are not adequate for present traffic. Furthermore, these studies indicate that future traffic will have greater demands, and unless more action is taken, the highways will deteriorate, structurally and geometrically, at a rate faster than they can be replaced. The American way of life is dependent upon highways, as ex emplified by the rapid development of commercial, industrial, and residential areas along a new highway. In certain cases, this land development has occurred before the highway was opened to traffic. In the development of a new high-type highway, design features are controlled to permit optimum safe speeds, but as soon as some highways are open there is so much of a conflict between the high speed of through traffic and the variable speed of local traffic that control of speed is often a necessity. Soon afterwards, slow signs, blinking lights, and finally stop signs and traffic lights become necessary, thus decreasing the effectiveness in the movement of through traffic. Then it is usually too late and too expensive to rehabilitate the geometric design of the route, and the usual procedure is to leave the existing route to serve adjacent property and to build a new route for the through traffic. However, without protection of the new route from the development of the adjacent property, the strangulation will occur again and the highway, particularly near urban areas, will again become geometrically inadequate for the intended purpose. -
The Automobile Accident Insurance Act
1 AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT INSURANCE c A-35 The Automobile Accident Insurance Act being Chapter A-35 of The Revised Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1978 (effective February 26, 1979) as amended by the Statutes of Saskatchewan, 1979, c.69; 1979-80, c.92; 1980-81, c.34 and 83; 1982-83, c.16 and 22; 1983, c.66, 80 and 82; 1983-84, c.1, 16 and 54; 1984-85-86, c.1 and 47; 1986, c.1 and 33; 1986-87-88, c.29; 1988-89, c.37, c.42, c.44, c.54 and c.55; 1989-90, c.15; 1990-91, c.35; 1992, c.20; 1994, c.34; 1996, c.9; 1997, c.S-50.11 and 12; 1998, c.18; 2000, c.A-5.3, I-2.01 and 5; 2001, c.33; 2002, c.44; 2004, c.L-16.1, T-18.1 and 35; 2005, c.5; 2006, c.25; 2011, c.3; 2012, c.14; 2013, c.S-15.1, W-17.11 and c.27; 2014, c.E-13.1; 2015, c.F-13.1001, c.I-9.11, c.21 and c.28; 2016, c.11, c.27 and c.28; 2018, c.6, c.21 and c.42; and 2020, c.20. NOTE: This consolidation is not official. Amendments have been incorporated for convenience of reference and the original statutes and regulations should be consulted for all purposes of interpretation and application of the law. In order to preserve the integrity of the original statutes and regulations, errors that may have appeared are reproduced in this consolidation. -
ANALYSIS of HIGHWAY CONCESSIONS in EUROPE French Study for the DERD/WERD
CONTENTS ANALYSIS OF HIGHWAY CONCESSIONS IN EUROPE French Study for the DERD/WERD INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………….….1 I. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION PRACTICE IN EUROPE ……………………………2 I.1 TOLL CONCESSIONS …………………………………………………………………………………..5 I.1.1 Toll system advantages and disadvantages I.I.2. Toll system functions I.1.3. Acceptability of toll systems in Europe I.2 SHADOW TOLL CONCESSIONS…………………………………………………………………….14 I.2.1 Definition I.2.2 Shadow toll practice in Europe I.2.3 Advantages and disadvantages of shadow tolls I.3. INITIAL CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING THE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION APPROACH IN EUROPE …………………………………………………………18 I.3.1. Concession approach and remuneration of the concession company I.3.2. Widely varying road infrastructure practice in Europe I.3.3. Concession contracts compared with other infrastructure funding systems I.3.4 Principal merits of concession contracts I.3.5 Integration of socio-economic and equity return in connection with the decision to set up a concession contract I.3.6 Comparison of state-owned and private concession companies II. KEY COMPONENTS OF A ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION….………………...…38 II. 1. CONCESSION LOT SIZE………………………………………………………………………….…38 II. 2. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE CONCESSION PERIOD……………………………………..………3 II.3 DEFINITION OF TOLL CHARGES …………………………………………………..………………40 II.3.1 Setting toll charges II.3.2 Remuneration of concession companies on a DBFO type basis – the interesting "traffic band concept II.4 CONCESSION COMPANY SELECTION PROCEDURES AND CRITERIA……………………...44 II.5 CONCESSION COMPANY FREEDOM………………………………………………………………46 II.6 SHARING OF RISKS BETWEEN PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND CONCESSION COMPANIES ……….48 II.6.1. Transfer of risks in the case of a toll concession II.6.2 Transfer of risks in a shadow toll system II.7. -
2029 BBA Media Guide
2029 MBBWA MEDIA GUIDE – Page 2 EST. 1973 – 2029, WE VOTE NONE OF THE ABOVE LEADERSHIP Commissioner: Matt Rectenwald Vice Commissioner & Reviewer Extraordinaire: Aaron Weiner League Director & Chief Muckraker: Kyle Stever PR Director/Historian: Stephen Lane LEAGUE AFFILIATES North America Brewster Baseball Association CONTACT INFORMATION Primary Website:: http://mbwba.whsites.net/ Forums: http://montybrewster.net/MBBA/phpBB3/index.php Commissioner Email: [email protected] OOTP Forum Entry: http://www.ootpdevelopments.com/board/ootp-17-online-leagues/267282-monty- brewster-world-baseball-association.html Here’s a clue: don’t try to tell any of us here in the BBA that our Out of the Park Baseball world is anything but the real thing. At the time of this writing, we follow the church of version 17. No more. No less. 17, got that? Feel free to check out the forums or our website. Listen to whatever is going to happen with the Drew Zodcast. Partake of our world class writing, all of it except the Genius’s stuff. You really can’t take any of that for gospel, though it might be worth a spit take or two. Actually, we’re thinking he’s not actually real but no one can match his mental acrobatics yet, so we’re really not sure. 2029 MBBWA MEDIA GUIDE – Page 3 CONTENTS Brewster Strikes Again! An Inside Look at How Expansion Went Down (Rectenwaldr) 2028 in the rearview mirror 2028 Final Standings (Collins) EBA, The Demise of a perfectly Good Baseball League (Palin/Riddler) FEATURES One Last Ride On the Expansion Rodeo (Schmidt) Welcome to the Projection -
'"There's More Than One of Everything": Navigating Fringe's Cofactual Multiverse'
. Volume 13, Issue 1 May 2016 ‘There’s More Than One of Everything’: Navigating Fringe’s cofactual multiverse Casey J. McCormick, McGill University, Montréal, Canada Abstract: This article analyzes how viewers of Fringe (FOX 2008-2013) make sense of the series’ complex science fictional storyworld. It argues that Fringe presents multiple iterations of worlds and characters in a way that encourages ‘cofactual’ interpretation: rather than figuring parallel universes and alternate timelines as ontologically hierarchical, the narrative accommodates all versions of reality and invites viewers to participate in shaping the multiverse. The article offers a close reading of Fringe’s complex narrative structure alongside an exploration of how audiences responded to and impacted the series through fannish practices such as vidding and narrative mapping. It concludes that cofactual narration opens up an array of participatory practices that blur the text/paratext distinction and facilitate interactive storyworld building. Keywords: Complex TV, Fandom, Narrative, Paratexts, Counterfactual, Cofactual, Possible Worlds Cofactual Interpretation By the time viewers reach the series finale of Fringe (FOX 2008-2013), they have travelled across two spatially-distinct universes, three versions of the future, and at least four different timelines, with each world-iteration populated by different versions of the show’s central characters. Through its reinvigoration of science fiction tropes, such as time travel, alternate realities, and temporal resets, Fringe asks viewers to re-evaluate typical models of narrative world-building. The series constructs a multiverse comprised of what I deem cofactual diegetic worlds. I use the term ‘cofactual’ in contradistinction to the more common narrative term ‘counterfactual’ as a means of emphasizing the plurality and simultaneity of diegetic worlds in Fringe. -
THE ELEMENTS of STYLE' (4Th Edition) First Published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr
2 OLIVER STRUNK: 'THE ELEMENTS OF STYLE' (4th edition) First published in 1935, Copyright © Oliver Strunk Last Revision: © William Strunk Jr. and Edward A. Tenney, 2000 Earlier editions: © Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1959, 1972 Copyright © 2000, 1979, ALLYN & BACON, 'A Pearson Education Company' Introduction - © E. B. White, 1979 & 'The New Yorker Magazine', 1957 Foreword by Roger Angell, Afterward by Charles Osgood, Glossary prepared by Robert DiYanni ISBN 0-205-30902-X (paperback), ISBN 0-205-31342-6 (casebound). ________ Machine-readable version and checking: O. Dag E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://orwell.ru/library/others/style/ Last modified on April, 2003. 3 The Elements of Style Oliver Strunk Contents FOREWORD ix INTRODUCTION xiii I. ELEMENTARY RULES OF USAGE 1 1. Form the possessive singular of nouns by adding 's. 1 2. In a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last. 2 3. Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas. 2 4. Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause. 5 5. Do not join independent clauses with a comma. 5 6. Do not break sentences in two. 7 7. Use a colon after an independent clause to introduce a list of particulars, an appositive, an amplification, or an illustrative quotation. 7 8. Use a dash to set off an abrupt break or interruption and to announce a long appositive or summary. 9 9. The number of the subject determines the number of the verb. 9 10. Use the proper case of pronoun. 11 11. A participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence must refer to the grammatical subject. -
US5495576.Pdf
||||||||| US00549.5576A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,495,576 Ritchey (45) Date of Patent: * Feb. 27, 1996 54) PANORAMIC MAGE BASED WIRTUAL Dennis Crawford REALITYFTELEPRESENCE AUDIO-VISUAL 57) ABSTRACT SYSTEMAND METHOD An improved panoramic image based virtual reality/telep 76) Inventor: Kurtis J. Ritchey, 26374 Tonganoxie resence audio-visual system and method includes panoramic Rd., Leavenworth, Kans. 66048 three-dimensional input devices, a computer processor, and a panoramic audio-visual output device. In one embodiment * Notice: The portion of the term of this patent of the system the input devices comprise a sensor assembly subsequent to Jul. 14, 2009, has been including a plurality of positionable radar, camera, and disclaimed. acoustical sensors for recording signatures of all sides of three-dimensional subjects simultaneously. The computer 21 Appl. No.: 2,582 processor integrates the sensor signals, processes signals as a virtual model, updates the model based on participant 22) Filed Jan. 11, 1993 interaction, and selects and distributes portions of the pro 51 Int. Cl. ...r. G06T 15/10 cessed virtual model for presentation on display units and 52) U.S. C. ......................... 395/125; 395/154 audio speakers. The processor includes participant interac 58) Field of Search ..................................... 395/119, 125, tive input devices for instantaneous interaction with the 395/130, 154, 50,902, 2.55, 2.6, 2.79, virtual model. The panoramic audio-visual output device includes a head-mounted display or a closed structure hav 2.85; 34.5/139, 158, 184 ing contiguous individual display units mounted in all References Cited viewable directions surrounding the participant. -
The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal
The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal Extended Abstract Gonçalo Pereira Rosmaninho October 2010 The Regulation of Road Infrastructure Operators in Portugal Extended abstract Technical University of Lisbon Gonçalo Pereira Rosmaninho Abstract In the last two decades the Portuguese road sector has experienced profound changes. The main outcome of these changes is a superior highway network, which allows traveling across almost all the country with comfort and ease. These highways are operated by private entities, through concession contracts signed between them and the public partner, the State directly, or indirectly by the Portugal Road Company (EP). These concessions, which are public-private partnerships, need to be subject to regulation. This regulation could be contained in the concession contracts, or done by a road sector regulator, which in Portugal is the Institute for the Road Sector (InIR). The contract regulation, although with some common features, differs and has specific particularities on each contract type. The regulation duties assigned to InIR, jointly with the concession contracts and the legal framework, defines the Portuguese road sector participation rules. In Portugal, the success of concessions in the road sector can be much higher if there are improvements on contract design and if the regulator becomes more independent, more pro-active, and is endowed with more tools. Keywords: regulation; concession; road sector; contract. 1. Introduction Since the last decade of the past century until nowadays, the Portuguese government has made a great effort to improve the road sector in Portugal, with the main objectives of renewing the network, shortening the distances between the populations and reducing accidents, and this last was a serious problem to solve. -
POPE of LNMS: A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Evaluation Report
POPE of LNMS A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Evaluation Report January 2016 Notice This document and its contents have been prepared and are intended solely for Highways England’s information and use in relation to POPE of LNMS. Atkins Limited assumes no responsibility to any other party in respect of or arising out of or in connection with this document and/or its contents. This document has 74 pages including the cover. Document history Job number: 5107696 Document ref: S11031_POPE of Large LNMS Report_v2.0.docx Revision Purpose description Originated Checked Reviewed Authorised Date Rev 1.0 First Draft JB RF RD AC 16/10/15 Rev 2.0 Final Report JB RG AC AC 05/02/16 Client signoff Client Highways England Project POPE of LNMS Document title POPE of LNMS Evaluation Report Job no. 5107696 POPE of LNMS | A31 Canford Bottom Roundabout Improvement 2 Table of contents Chapter Pages Glossary 5 1. Introduction 8 Background 8 Purpose of this report 9 2. Scheme Detail 10 Introduction 10 Background 10 Location 11 Pre-Scheme Junction Layout 11 Post-Scheme Junction Layout 14 Post-Scheme Site Observations 15 Stakeholder Feedback 20 3. Traffic Volumes 24 Introduction 24 Data Source 24 Traffic Volume 24 Daily Traffic Patterns 25 Traffic Turning Movements 28 Summary 31 4. Journey Time Analysis 32 Introduction 32 Data Source 32 Journey Time Comparison 33 Journey Time Reliability 35 Calculation of annual vehicle hour benefits 37 Summary 39 5. Safety Impacts 40 Introduction 40 Data Source 40 Post-Scheme 42 Accident Rate Change 44 Accident Causation 45 Location Breakdown 46 Security 46 Summary 47 6.