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VOICE-121.Pdf 5 5 1 1 1 1 0 0 N Y M A 2 2 2 2 30 Years N N of Protection 1 M 1 M U U 1985 – 2015 T T U U E A E A U U S S S S I I ) ) A A S S M M Y Y N N R R ( ( N N O O I I O O T T A A I I C C O O O O S S S S A A S S R R M M O O O O M M E E E E R R I I H H H H S S K K R T R T O O Y Y H H F F T T R R O O N N O O E E H H T T ◆ F F BOTANY – THE STINGING NETTLE E E O O ◆ WILLIAM SMITH – THE FATHER OF ENGLISH GEOLOGY E E ◆ N N NE YORKSHIRE GEOLOGY TRUST – GEONAUT CLUBS C C I I Z Z I I ◆ ESK VALLEY COMMUNITY ENERGY GROUP A A G G ◆ SONGS FROM THE MOOR A A ◆ O M FARMLAND BIRDS O M E E ◆ CROSSWORD H H V T V T ◆ HAWKMOTH – NATURE NOTES NYMA – TO PROTECT AND ENHANCE THE CHARACTERISTIC BEAUTY OF THE NORTH YORKSHIRE MOORS FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE GENERATIONS BOTANY THE STINGING NETTLE THE STINGING NETTLE, Urtica dioica, a member of the Urticaceae sackcloth and sailcloth, also rope and paper. The common use of family, is one of our easily recognised and probably most disliked it as a cloth dates back to at least the Bronze Age and it was used plants. Most of us were stung as children, not only reacting to the until superseded by flax and cotton. The leaves produce a green hurt of the sting, but to the fact that a plant could so painfully dye and the roots a yellow one and these have been used with the fight back! This is just as the plant wants it because far from being cloth to make a camouflage material. a troublesome weed, a designation that is really only a matter of But more importantly, the plant is edible, the sting disappearing individual judgement, the nettle is potentially our most useful wild with heat and the young tender leaves are very high in vitamins, plant, a valuable natural resource, which without its stinging contain a huge number of essential minerals and are protein rich, defences would be grazed or picked to oblivion. giving a wonderfully healthy spring tonic. They can be used in Nettle derives from the Anglo Saxon ‘netele’ meaning a needle, soups, pies, quiches, pastas, omelettes, cakes, puddings, bread, Uro means burning, while dioica indicates that it is dioecious having pizzas, pancakes, and casseroles, to add colour, taste and extra male and female flowers on different plants. It is a hardy perennial goodness. The leaves can act as a rennet substitute in cheese with a far reaching mat of branching yellow roots that sprout new making, can be added to cheese to colour it or as a wrap to aid safe shoots every year which can grow up to two metres tall. The pairs of ripening. Nettle teas, beers and wines can be made while in the opposite leaves are toothed, sharply heart shaped and, like the stems, South West competitions are held to find who can eat the most covered with curved stinging hairs. These hairs are hollow and filled raw nettles, the secret being to wrap the leaves into the tightest ball with a number of chemicals including formic acid (the same possible, chew and swallow. I prefer mine cooked! chemical as that used by ants in their sting), histamine, acetylcholine The nettle has cosmetic uses too, as a deep cleanser for oily skin, and serotonin. The hairs can penetrate the skin where they break off acting as a tonic and stimulant while as a hair rinse it will prevent releasing the chemicals into the body to give the familiar dandruff, deter lice and give the hair a shine. Liquidised, the bright uncomfortable burning sensation. By July small catkins of male and green chlorophyll of the leaves makes an antiseptic mouthwash, female flowers appear in clusters in the leaf axils, usually on separate sweetening the breath, and it is also used as a natural food plants. It is wind-pollinated and strings colouring. of small seeds are produced. But for centuries it has been more The stinging nettle grows where it than anything prized for its medicinal can in most temperate regions, but qualities, in teas, compresses, prefers moist nutrient rich ground, ointments, juices and powders, used verges, river banks, farmyards and both internally and externally for man gardens, usually clinging to wherever and animals. Its high levels of vitamins man is or has been enriching and and minerals make it a valuable tonic, cultivating the soil. Here in such especially for anaemia, while its favourable conditions it can form astringency and anti inflammatory huge vigorous patches and it can be properties help to heal cuts and bruises found many years later round old and soothe neuralgia, toothache, habitations and abandoned dwellings sciatica, rheumatism, arthritis and on moors and mountains, even when chest and lung problems. Its these have long disappeared. It loves antihistamines counteract bites and damp riverbanks, often now growing stings and are useful in allergies and with Indian Balsam, both benefiting from the run-off from asthma. It acts as a stimulant to many of the bodies systems, on the adjacent fields of nitrogen from fertiliser, without which they kidneys as a diuretic it helps remove toxins and so purifies the blood would be less successful and allow a return of more appropriate thus improving many skin problems, as well as lowering blood stabilising native flora. pressure. It stimulates the flow of milk, the circulatory system and When grown in the garden, and it usually needs no invitation to the working of the immune system and it may even help the do so, it can be an important host plant for wildlife supporting lowering of blood sugar levels. In the past the stimulating of the many of our most colourful butterflies, as well as moths and insects blood flow was achieved by using the fresh nettles on the skin, by including ladybird larvae. It provides cover for small mammals and whipping or poultices, though tales of country dowagers rolling winter seeds for birds though large patches are really necessary to naked in nettle beds to relieve their arthritis and rheumatism may be of any great use. But it is worth keeping nettles in the garden only be an old wife’s tale! Warm nettle tea is a useful aid for colds, for other reasons. It makes a wonderful, nutrient rich compost or flu, sore throats and digestive upsets being antiviral and soothing. mulch and can be made into a rich liquid feed. It also acts as a The roots have been used in the treatment of prostate problems and good companion plant by helping nearby plants resist disease, are antifungal and antibacterial. especially good for soft fruits, growing very well with raspberries I So, what a superb plant! We can eat it, feed our plants and find, but it is as well to harvest the nettles to eat or use as a fertiliser animals with it, use it to enhance our beauty, to keep us healthy before attempting to pick the raspberries! Bunches of fresh nettle and fight diseases, to make cloth and paper and dyes, and to leaves will deter flies in the house while dried leaves placed round sustain our native wild life. All this for no cost and no work - no stored apples protect them from insect damage and nettle tea wonder it needs its stings to protect itself! makes an effective insecticide spray. PS. We have all used dock leaves to counter nettle stings; they Dried, withered nettle leaves and stems have long been used as a do cool, but ironically the best cure has been shown to be the fresh nutritious fodder for horses and cattle while the seeds were fed to juice of the nettle itself – you just need to work out how to do this poultry. The older stems contain a strong fibre that can be used to without getting stung again! ◆ make cloth, ranging from the finest material for lingerie to coarse Anne Press 2 VOICE OF THE MOORS – AUTUMN 2015 CONTENTS BOTANY PAGE 2 THE STINGING NETTLE PAGE 4 CHAIRMAN’S FOREWORD NYMA PAGE 5 WILLIAM SMITH – THE FATHER OF ENGLISH GEOLOGY Founded 1985 Registered Charity No. 517639 PAGE 8 NULLIUS IN VERBA – MOTTO OF THE GEONAUTS ® Officers of the Association President Ian Carstairs OBE PAGE 9 Vice Presidents ESK VALLEY COMMUNITY ENERGY GROUP Professor Allan Patmore Ron Foster MBE Chairman PAGE 10 FARMLAND BIRDS Tom Chadwick Vice Chairman David Moore PAGE 11 Council Members SONGS FROM THE MOOR Sue Chadwick Ruth Chambers Janet Cochrane Albert Elliot PAGE 13 BOOK REVIEW Ann Glass Shirley Learoyd Colin Speakman AMANUENSIS PAGE 14 Malcolm Watt CRYPTIC CROSSWORD N o 70 George Winn-Darley Elaine Wisdom HAWKMOTH Association Treasurer PAGE 14 Brian Pearce NATURE NOTES 140 Newton Road Great Ayton Middlesbrough TS9 6DL [email protected] Hon. Secretary North Yorkshire Moors Association Janet Cochrane The Forge, Fangdale Beck, North Yorkshire, TS9 7LE [email protected] CELEBRATORY CHRISTMAS Membership Secretary Gerald King LUNCHEON 5 Cleveland View, Faceby Middlesbrough, TS9 7DE Tel. 01642 701051 Meet at 12 noon Saturday 5 December 2015. Walks Coordinator Bay Horse, Broughton near Stokesley Heather Mather Ainthorpe Tel.
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