Zittingsverslag Van DNA (2015-2020)
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Desi Bouterse Van Autoritair-Populistisch Leider Naar Charismatisch-Populistisch Leider
Desi Bouterse Van autoritair-populistisch leider naar charismatisch-populistisch leider Reineke Maschhaupt Scriptie Master History of European Expansion and Globalisation Begeleider: Peter Meel Inhoudsopgave Inleiding 1 Charisma en populisme in het Caribisch gebied 2 Hoofdstuk 1 Charisma Wat is charisma? 4 Puur en routinised charisma 5 Charisma en religiositeit 6 Hoofdstuk 2 Populisme 7 Zes sleutelthema’s Hoofdstuk 3 Charisma en populisme 9 Hoofdstuk 4 Context Suriname Voedingsbodem Economische verstoring 10 De economische ontwikkelingen tot 1980 11 Emigratie 12 Het politieke systeem 12 De etnische politieke uitdaging 13 Surinaams leger 15 Politieke spanningen 15 Spanningen lopen op tot hoogtepunt 16 Voedingsbodem 17 Hoofdstuk 5 1980 - 1987 Militair regime Jeugd Bouterse 19 Ontevreden militairen 19 ‘Stelletje padvinders’ 20 Tegen wil en dank in aan de macht gekomen 21 Drie coup-plannen 21 Opgewonden sfeer 22 ´Onze jongens´ 22 Supreme caudillo 23 Maatregelen tegen de oude rotten 23 Crisis? 24 Vernieuwing? 24 Te volgen ideologie 24 Kameleon 25 China a Sen president van de burgerregering 26 De ruziemakers grijpen hun kans 27 Bouterse ontpopt zich als leider 27 Toch revolutie 28 Andere spelregels 28 Militaire dictatuur 29 Heartland 30 Achterdocht 31 Groeiende oppositie 32 Onder invloed van Maurice Bishop 32 De nacht van 7 op 8 december 33 Nieuwe orde = Nieuwe elite? 34 Geen weg terug 34 Lijfsbehoud of revolutie? 35 Bouterse krabbelt terug 35 Terug naar democratie? 36 Charisma ? 36 Hoofdstuk 6 1987 - 2000 Van militair naar democraat Imagoschade -
Naar Een Nieuwe Invulling Van HET SURINAAMS NATIONALISME
Faculteit der Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen Naar een nieuwe invulling van HET SURINAAMS NATIONALISME Over de impact van de diasporawet op het transnationale Surinaamse volk 1 Jerzy Soetekouw 5964733 Almere, 27/06/2014 Masterscriptie Postkolonialisme & Ontwikkeling Scriptiebegeleider: Dr. S. Rezaeiejan Tweede lezer: Dr. L.M. Mügge 1 Twee Nederlandse voetballers, Ryan Donk en Boy Waterman, vieren hun overwinning in de EK-finale met de Surinaamse vlag. Voorwoord Toen ik nog een kleine jongen was en een onbezorgd bestaan leefde, stond ik nog niet zo stil bij wat de consequenties van mijn acties zijn. Ik was vooral aan het dromen. Ik had altijd mijn ouders nog waar ik op terug kon vallen. Zij verzorgden mij zoals het goede ouders betaamt: met heel veel liefde, geduld en toewijding. Zij zorgden ervoor dat ik uit de wind bleef wanneer het soms lastig werd en zij losten al mijn problemen op. Het was een eenvoudig en mooi bestaan. Ook nu nog toon ik mij in veel opzichten nog die onbezorgde, kleine jongen. Eerst doen, dan pas nadenken. Zo heb ik vrijwel mijn hele studieloopbaan doorgebracht. Bij het schrijven van essays was ik gewend om pas als allerlaatst een onderzoeksvraag op te stellen. Bij essays is dat nog redelijk te doen. Vaak wordt er op voorhand al een richting aangegeven en de omvang van die opdrachten was vaak overzichtelijk genoeg om niet in de tekst te verdwalen. Bij het schrijven van mijn scriptie was ik echter voor het eerst genoodzaakt om een duidelijk plan op te stellen en van te voren een specifieke vraag te formuleren. -
SURINAME: Government Commitments and Human Rights
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 3 SPECIFIC VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLES OF THE ICCPR .................................................. 5 1. ICCPR Article 2.3: right to effective remedy for individuals whose rights have been violated ........................................................................................................ 5 Towards a Truth Commission ............................................................................ 5 Some Serious Cases .............................................................................................. 6 A) 8 December 1982 killings ............................................................................ 6 B) 1986 Moiwana massacre ........................................................................... 10 2. ICCPR Article 6: right to life and protection against arbitrary deprivation of life ............................................................................................................................ 11 Resistance to the abolition of the death penalty .............................................. 13 3. ICCPR Articles 7 and 10: Prohibition of torture and ill-treatment of detainees ...................................................................................................................... 13 Torture and ill-treatment ................................................................................. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION Y•Z The philosophers who have examined the founda- tions of society have all felt the need to go back to the state of nature, but none of them has succeeded. —Jean-Jacques Rousseau Discourse on Inequality1 When I returned to Suriname in November 2011, I learned of a scandal that was causing turmoil among the Trio. It was a case of adultery, in which one man, Luuk, had been carrying on an affair with the wife of another man, Sam.2 One day Sam caught them in the act. He reacted furiously. He waited for an opportunity, then, together with some of his kinsmen, attacked Luuk and beat him up. Soon, rumours circulated that Luuk wanted to demand a cash payment as compensation for the inju- ries he had received. Sam’s anger rose again. He went, again with some kinsmen, to Luuk’s house at night, armed with guns and machetes. He seemed intent on killing him. Some men intervened, but it was clear that the matter would have to be settled by independent parties. This was complicated by the fact that Sam was the brother of Silvijn, a village leader, and Luuk was married to the daughter of Douwe, the other village leader. The dispute risked turning into a factional crisis that could tear the whole village apart. Gossip spread like wildfi re, and thanks to mobile telephone and shortwave radio, this confl ict was soon the talk of all the Trio villages and those living in the city of Paramaribo. The church elders held concerned discussions with their mentors in the city. -
Suriname on Its Knees
CHAPTER VI Suriname on its knees The most important challenge for Suriname in the next decade is to achieve eco- nomic independence. We in Suriname must be able to take decisions on our own. We must be able to reap the benefi ts of our own resources and the products of our own efforts according to our own priorities. Only then will we be able to provide solutions to the problems which our people meet daily. (Bouterse cited in Uwechue 1986.) As outlined in the previous three chapters, the events of December 1982 plunged Suriname into severe socio-economic diffi culties. These were caused, on the one hand, by the termination of Dutch aid and, on the other hand, by the failure to establish close relations with regional powers or with Third World nations as a collective to compensate, at least partly, for this fi nancial shortfall. Consequently, to secure the regime’s survival, Bouterse realized that he had no choice but to improve Suriname’s relations with the Netherlands, so as to be able to negotiate the terms for reinstating Dutch aid. In this, Paramaribo was forced to acknowledge The Hague’s primary stipu- lation for reopening the fl ow of fi nancial assistance: the reintroduction of democracy. Yet the military’s gradual shift towards democratic rule clashed with the Dutch demand that aid be provided only after the offi cers’ complete withdrawal from politics. Within the regime this setback led to frustration. During the transition period of 1984-1987 The Hague was repeatedly attacked for its uncompromising position. -
Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 63 (1989), No: 3/4, Leiden, 143-173
K. Bilby Divided loyalties: local politics and the play of states among the Aluku In: New West Indian Guide/ Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 63 (1989), no: 3/4, Leiden, 143-173 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 01:32:02PM via free access KENNETH M. BILBY DIVIDED LOYALTIES: LOCAL POLITICS AND THE PLAY OF STATES AMONG THE ALUKU* The scène is the northeastern coast of South America; the time, November 1986.1 Civil war has broken out in eastern Suriname, and a flood of refugees streams into the French Guianese border town of Saint-Laurent, across the Maroni River from the Surinamese outpost Albina. Most of the refugees are Ndjuka Maroons whose villages have been attacked by Surinamese government forces.2 Those who first greet them are Aluku Maroons, otherwise known as the Boni. It is the Aluku who mediate between the Ndjukas and local representatives of the French government. Aluku boatmen help organize the transportation of refugees across the river to safety, while Aluku kapiten, local headmen appointed by the French government to represent the larger Maroon community in Saint-Laurent, are consulted by the French sub-prefect and the mayor of the town for advice on the handling of the crisis. For all concerned, the mass exodus of Ndjukas is eerily reminiscent of the flight of the ancestors of the Aluku into French territory some two centuries earlier, when forced out of their haunts in the Cottica River region of Suriname by Dutch colonial troops. Like the other five tribes of Guiana Maroons - the Ndjuka, Paramaka, Saramaka, Matawai, and Kwinti - the Aluku are descended from African slaves who centuries ago escaped from Surinamese plantations and fled into the unsettled forests of the interior, where they banded together to *Editors' note: The bicentennial of the French Revolution in 1989 has been an occasion to bring the Aluku or Boni Maroons and their 18th-century liberation struggles in the limelight. -
Report of the Oas Electoral Observation Mission for the General Elections in the Republic of Suriname on May 25, 2010
PERMANENT COUNCIL OEA/Ser.G CP/doc.4532/11 4 February 2011 VERBATIM FINAL REPORT OF THE OAS ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FOR THE GENERAL ELECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME ON MAY 25, 2010 http://scm.oas.org/pdfs/2011/CP25611.pdf ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES FINAL REPORT OF THE OAS ELECTORAL OBSERVATION MISSION FOR THE GENERAL ELECTIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SURINAME ON MAY 25, 2010 Secretariat for Political Affairs CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. ....1 CHAPTER I. BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE MISSION............................................3 CHAPTER II. POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ELECTORAL ORGANIZATION ..........................4 A. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW........................................................................... 4 B. POLITICAL SYSTEM AND ACTORS......................................................... 5 C. THE ELECTORAL SYSTEM........................................................................ 8 D. VOTING PROCEDURE................................................................................. 8 E. POLITICAL FINANCING........................................................................... 10 CHAPTER III. MISSION ACTIVITIES AND OBSERVATIONS.....................................11 A. PRE-ELECTION.............................................................................................11 B. ELECTION DAY............................................................................................11 C. POST-ELECTION -
Roger Janssen
ROGER JANSSEN In search of a path In search ROGER JANSSEN ROGER JANSSEN 1975 to 1991 policy of Suriname from An analysis of the foreign In search of a path An analysis of the foreign policy of Suriname from 1975 to 1991 In search The foreign policy of small states is an often neglected topic, which is particularly the case when it comes to Suriname. How did the young Republic deal with its dependency on the Netherlands for development aid after 1975? Was Paramaribo following a certain foreign policy strategy of a path or did it merely react towards internal and external events? What were the decision making processes in defi ning the foreign policy course and who was involved in these processes? And why was a proposal An analysis of the foreign policy discussed to hand back the right of an independent foreign and defence policy to a Dutch Commonwealth government in the early 1990s? of Suriname from 1975 to 1991 These questions are examined here in depth, in the fi rst comprehensive analysis wof Suriname’s foreign policy from 1975 to 1991. The book provides readers interested in Caribbean and Latin American affairs with a detailed account of Suriname’s external relations. Moreover, the young Republic may stand as a case study, as it confronted the diffi culties and challenges that small developing states often face. Roger Janssen (1967), born in the Dutch-German border region of Cleve, migrated to Australia in 1989. He received his education as a historian at the University of Western Australia where he obtained a Ph.D. -
Aan De Voorzitter Van De Tweede Kamer Der Staten-Generaal
Aan de Voorzitter van de DWH Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal Rijnstraat 8 Binnenhof 4 2515 XP Den Haag Den Haag Postbus 20061 Nederland www.rijksoverheid.nl Onze Referentie BZDOC-1852455046-43 Bijlage(n) Datum 2 oktober 2020 Betreft Recente ontwikkelingen Suriname Geachte voorzitter, Naar aanleiding van de recente verkiezingen in Suriname en het op 23 juni aangevraagde overleg met uw Kamer over Suriname informeer ik u, mede namens de minister voor Buitenlandse Handel en Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, als volgt over de actuele ontwikkelingen in het land en de inzet van het Kabinet. I De Republiek Suriname Recente politieke ontwikkelingen Op 25 mei 2020 werden in Suriname parlementsverkiezingen gehouden. De uitslag leidde tot een significante verschuiving in de zetelverdeling. De Vooruitstrevende Hervormings Partij (VHP), onder leiding van Chandrikapersad (Chan) Santokhi, boekte een grote overwinning en behaalde 20 van de 51 zetels. Ook de Algemene Bevrijdings- en Ontwikkelings Partij (ABOP) van Ronnie Brunswijk behaalde winst. De verkiezingen van 2020 verliepen in tegenstelling tot voorgaande verkiezingen minder goed georganiseerd. Hoewel reeds op 29 mei 99,4% van de stemmen was geteld, maakte het Centraal Hoofdstembureau pas op 16 juni de definitieve uitslag bekend. Vertraging in het verificatieproces op het Hoofdstembureau van kiesdistrict Paramaribo was daartoe de oorzaak. Dit leidde tot een kritische noot van o.a. de waarnemingsmissie van de Organisatie van Amerikaanse Staten in hun rapport. Op 13 juli koos De Nationale Assemblee met algemene stemmen en zonder tegenkandidaten Chan Santokhi (VHP) tot President en Ronnie Brunswijk (ABOP) tot Vice-President. Op 16 juli jl. trad de nieuwe Surinaamse regering aan. Deze bestaat uit een coalitie van vier partijen: de VHP (20/51), de ABOP (8/51), Nationale Partij Suriname (NPS - 3/51) en Pertjajah Luhur (PL - 2/51). -
Goldletter International 1 July 2020
Goldletter I N T E R N A T I O N A L the international independent information and advice bulletin for gold and related investments July 2020 ► Suriname’s development of rich gold resources to be driven by economic strategy new elected democratic parliament for the 5-year period of 2020 – 2025 ► Besides IAMGOLD and Newmont as world-class gold producers, 12 Exploration (CSE – TWLV) is the only listed exploration company focused on Suriname Suriname’s economy is dominated by the mining industry, with exports of oil and gold account- ing for approximately 85% of exports and 27% of government revenues. Th worldwide drop in international commodity prices and the cessation of aluminum mining in November 2015, Suriname significantly reduced government revenues and national income. Suriname began institution- al macro adjustments between September 2015 and 2016; these included a 20% currency devaluation in November 2015. After a military rule from 1980 to 19817, when he was Suriname’s de facto leader, Dési Bouterse as the chairman of the Suriname political alliance Megacombination and the leader of the National Democrate Party (NDP), which is part of the Megacombination, was elected in August 2010 as President of Suriname with 36 of 50 parliament votes. Having been run for ten years by the National Democratic Party (NDP) of Dési Bouterse, four opposition par- ties closed a political alliance on 15 May 2020, led by the Progressive Reform Party (VHP) of opposition lead- er and former justice minister Chan Santokhi. Representing 20 of the 51 government seats, the VHP is by far Suriname’s largest party, as a result of which Santohki was elected as the new President of Suriname. -
RDIA Kamerbrief Suriname
Aan de Voorzitter van de DWH Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal Rijnstraat 8 Binnenhof 4 2515 XP Den Haag Den Haag Postbus 20061 Nederland www.rijksoverheid.nl Onze Referentie BZDOC-1852455046-43 Bijlage(n) Datum 2 oktober 2020 Betreft Recente ontwikkelingen Suriname Geachte voorzitter, Naar aanleiding van de recente verkiezingen in Suriname en het op 23 juni aangevraagde overleg met uw Kamer over Suriname informeer ik u, mede namens de minister voor Buitenlandse Handel en Ontwikkelingssamenwerking, als volgt over de actuele ontwikkelingen in het land en de inzet van het Kabinet. I De Republiek Suriname Recente politieke ontwikkelingen Op 25 mei 2020 werden in Suriname parlementsverkiezingen gehouden. De uitslag leidde tot een significante verschuiving in de zetelverdeling. De Vooruitstrevende Hervormings Partij (VHP), onder leiding van Chandrikapersad (Chan) Santokhi, boekte een grote overwinning en behaalde 20 van de 51 zetels. Ook de Algemene Bevrijdings- en Ontwikkelings Partij (ABOP) van Ronnie Brunswijk behaalde winst. De verkiezingen van 2020 verliepen in tegenstelling tot voorgaande verkiezingen minder goed georganiseerd. Hoewel reeds op 29 mei 99,4% van de stemmen was geteld, maakte het Centraal Hoofdstembureau pas op 16 juni de definitieve uitslag bekend. Vertraging in het verificatieproces op het Hoofdstembureau van kiesdistrict Paramaribo was daartoe de oorzaak. Dit leidde tot een kritische noot van o.a. de waarnemingsmissie van de Organisatie van Amerikaanse Staten in hun rapport. Op 13 juli koos De Nationale Assemblee met algemene stemmen en zonder tegenkandidaten Chan Santokhi (VHP) tot President en Ronnie Brunswijk (ABOP) tot Vice-President. Op 16 juli jl. trad de nieuwe Surinaamse regering aan. Deze bestaat uit een coalitie van vier partijen: de VHP (20/51), de ABOP (8/51), Nationale Partij Suriname (NPS - 3/51) en Pertjajah Luhur (PL - 2/51). -
Suriname, September 2002
Description of document: US Department of State Self Study Guide for Suriname, September 2002 Requested date: 11-March-2007 Released date: 25-Mar-2010 Posted date: 19-April-2010 Source of document: Freedom of Information Act Office of Information Programs and Services A/GIS/IPS/RL U. S. Department of State Washington, D. C. 20522-8100 Fax: 202-261-8579 Note: This is one of a series of self-study guides for a country or area, prepared for the use of USAID staff assigned to temporary duty in those countries. The guides are designed to allow individuals to familiarize themselves with the country or area in which they will be posted. The governmentattic.org web site (“the site”) is noncommercial and free to the public. The site and materials made available on the site, such as this file, are for reference only. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals have made every effort to make this information as complete and as accurate as possible, however, there may be mistakes and omissions, both typographical and in content. The governmentattic.org web site and its principals shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused, or alleged to have been caused, directly or indirectly, by the information provided on the governmentattic.org web site or in this file. The public records published on the site were obtained from government agencies using proper legal channels. Each document is identified as to the source. Any concerns about the contents of the site should be directed to the agency originating the document in question.