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How Can the Freshwater Outflow from the Amazon Increase the Salinity of the Guianan Shore?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte The Guianese paradox: How can the freshwater outflow from the Amazon increase the salinity of the Guianan shore? Luc Lambs *, Etienne Muller, F. Fromard EcoLab – Laboratoire d’e´cologie fonctionnelle, UMR 5245 (CNRS-UPS-INPT), 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, 31055 Toulouse cedex, France KEYWORDS Summary French Guiana is notable for the extent of its rain forests, which occupy 97% of French Guiana rivers; the country, and the influence of the Amazon along its shores. In fact, the shores and estu- Stable isotopes; aries support a mangrove forest typical of saline conditions. This paper reports the chem- Oxygen-18; ical characteristics, conductivity and salinity and the stable isotopes (oxygen and Deuterium; deuterium) of the rivers and shores between the Cayenne area and the border with Suri- Salinity nam. The results show a quite homogenous freshwater pool over the country. However, the low slope of the coast, a result of the wide mud banks deposited by the Amazonian plume, have turned the mouths of the smaller rivers to the northwest, creating large salty areas where mangroves grow several kilometers inland. Despite the large amount of Ama- zonian water, the Guianan coast exhibits high salinity. In fact, the freshwater itself remains far from the shore, following the north Brazilian current, while only the mud plume arrives at the coast, creating this paradox. Introduction lens. The interaction of Amazon water and seawater, in front of the Amazonian estuary, were studied during the The discharge from many large rivers, because of the lower Amaseds program between 1989 and 1991 (Karr and Show- density of freshwater relative to seawater, can be detected ers, 2002). -
Language Practices and Linguistic Ideologies in Suriname: Results from a School Survey
CHAPTER 2 Language Practices and Linguistic Ideologies in Suriname: Results from a School Survey Isabelle Léglise and Bettina Migge 1 Introduction The population of the Guiana plateau is characterised by multilingualism and the Republic of Suriname is no exception to this. Apart from the country’s official language, Dutch, and the national lingua franca, Sranantongo, more than twenty other languages belonging to several distinct language families are spoken by less than half a million people. Some of these languages such as Saamaka and Sarnámi have quite significant speaker communities while others like Mawayana currently have less than ten speakers.1 While many of the languages currently spoken in Suriname have been part of the Surinamese linguistic landscape for a long time, others came to Suriname as part of more recent patterns of mobility. Languages with a long history in Suriname are the Amerindian languages Lokono (Arawak), Kari’na, Trio, and Wayana, the cre- ole languages Saamaka, Ndyuka, Matawai, Pamaka, Kwinti, and Sranantongo, and the Asian-Surinamese languages Sarnámi, Javanese, and Hakka Chinese. In recent years, languages spoken in other countries in the region such as Brazilian Portuguese, Guyanese English, Guyanese Creole, Spanish, French, Haitian Creole (see Laëthier this volume) and from further afield such as varieties of five Chinese dialect groups (Northern Chinese, Wu, Min, Yue, and Kejia, see Tjon Sie Fat this volume) have been added to Suriname’s linguistic landscape due to their speakers’ increasing involvement in Suriname. Suriname’s linguistic diversity is little appreciated locally. Since indepen- dence in 1975, successive governments have pursued a policy of linguistic assimilation to Dutch with the result that nowadays, “[a] large proportion of the population not only speaks Dutch, but speaks it as their first and best language” (St-Hilaire 2001: 1012). -
Ecoles Et Collèges Sur Les Fleuves De Guyane
ECOLES ET COLLEGES SUR LES FLEUVES DE GUYANE Des collègues du SE-UNSA au service de la profession N’HESITEZ PAS A LES CONTACTER La Guyane, c’est aussi des sites isolés dont le seul moyen de communication est la voie navigable par les fleuves ou les airs par l’avion. Ce dossier doit vous permettre de voir les conditions de vie dans ces zones isolées. Des améliorations sensibles ont eu lieu sur les conditions de vie sur les fleuves et les conditions de travail qui demeurent tout de même difficiles. Voici dans le détail la liste des responsables du SE-UNSA sur les sites isolés du Maroni et de l’Oyapock NOM PRENOM TELEPHONE PORTABLE MEL ETAB NOM DE L’ETAB COMMUNE CABIROL VINCENT 0594349801 0694238252 [email protected] COLLEGE APATOU SASSY ERIC 0594349923 0694262402 [email protected] COLLEGE APATOU MANNETIER ALAIN 0594278414 [email protected] COLLEGE APATOU LORENCYL ROSE-LAURE 0594349144 0694222216 [email protected] ECOLE ELEM LAMBERT AMAYOTA APATOU CHOCHO CHRISTELLE 0594349087 0694415584 [email protected] ECOLE ELEM LAMBERT AMAYOTA APATOU SEBELOUE SANDRA 0594349147 0694225212 [email protected] ECOLE ELEM LAMBERT AMAYOTA APATOU DORLIPO STEDDY 0594251762 0694422629 [email protected] ECOLE MAT ALBERTINE SIDA APATOU SAVARIN THIERRY 0594349907 0594349036 [email protected] ECOLE MAT ALBERTINE SIDA APATOU VIVERET PIERRE-ALEXIS 0594349094 [email protected] ECOLE MAT ALBERTINE SIDA APATOU TIOUKA STEPHANE 0594304523 0694222870 [email protected] ECOLE PRIM MAIMAN APATOU MARIE-ANAIS PHILIPPE 0694242109 -
Parenthood and the Wayana People Maurizio Alì, Rodica Ailincai
Parenthood and the Wayana People Maurizio Alì, Rodica Ailincai To cite this version: Maurizio Alì, Rodica Ailincai. Parenthood and the Wayana People. So- ciology Mind, Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2016, 6 (3), pp.149- 161. <http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=68295>. <10.4236/sm.2016.63013>. <hal-01345445> HAL Id: hal-01345445 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01345445 Submitted on 13 Jul 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sociology Mind, 2016, 6, 149-161 Published Online July 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/sm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/sm.2016.63013 Parenthood and the Wayana People Maurizio Alì, Rodica Ailincai University of French Polynesia (Research Laboratory on Traditional and Contemporary Societies in Oceania—EASTCO), Faa’a, France Received 31 May 2016; accepted 10 July 2016; published 13 July 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract This paper presents the first results obtained from an exploratory study which is conducted with- in the Amerindian Wayana communities who inhabit the Amazon sector of the High Maroni area, in French Guiana. -
Structuur Analyse Districten 2009-2013
STRUCTUUR ANALYSE DISTRICTEN 2009-2013 STICHTING PLANBUREAU SURINAME December 2014 Structuuranalyse Districten IV Ruimtelijke ontwikkeling van de districten INHOUDSOPGAVE Ten geleide ................................................................................................................ ii Colofon ..................................................................................................................... iii Afkortingen ............................................................................................................... iv I DEMOGRAFISCHE ANALYSE Demografische analyse ......................................................................................... D-1 II RUIMTELIJKE ONTWIKKELING VAN DE DISTRICTEN 1. Paramaribo .................................................................................................. S-1 2. Wanica ...................................................................................................... S-22 3. Nickerie ..................................................................................................... S-38 4. Coronie ...................................................................................................... S-60 5. Saramacca ................................................................................................ S-72 6. Commewijne .............................................................................................. S-90 7. Marowijne ................................................................................................ S-109 -
P. Kloos Search for Health Among the Maroni River Caribs In
P. Kloos Search for health among the Maroni River Caribs In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 126 (1970), no: 1, Leiden, 115-141 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 06:57:31AM via free access SEARCH FOR HEALTH AMONG THE MARONI RIVER CARIBS Etiology and medical care in a 20 th century Amerindian group in Surinam Maliwa:yu po:ko onumeqgato: po 1. Introduction. he Caribs of the lower Maroni live in four villages of one hundred or more inhabitants, and a few smaller ones. On Tthe Surinam side of the Maroni, they number about 1100. Although the history of contact goes back to the beginning of the 16th century, and although the Jesuit "reducciones" in French Guiana (17th and 18th century) exerted considerable influence on their culture, permanent contact began only in the second half of the 19th century, with the founding of Albina (1846) and of St. Laurent-du-Maroni (1857), the first as a trading center, the second as a penitentiary. Both settlements became small market towns and regional centers towards the end of the 19th century, after the discovery of gold on the upper Maroni (1874). Racially, culturally and linguistically Albina is almost a miniature of Surinam's plural society. It counts Chinese, East Indians, Javanese, Creoles, Dutch and strongly acculturated Amerindians among its in- habitants. Languages of all the people mentioned are spoken, although the Creole language (Negro English, called Sranan by the sophisticated) is the lingua franca. The town is frequented, moreover, by Djuka and other Bush Negroes (mainly from the upper and middle course of the Maroni) and by Wayana from the upper reaches of the Maroni, the Litani and the Paloemeu. -
Gm and Km Allotypes in Wayampi, Wayana and Emerillon Indians from French Guiana
L ANNALS OF HUMAN BIOLOGY, 1994, VOL.'.21, NO. 4, 335-345 Gm and Km allotypes in Wayampi, Wayana and Emerillon Indians from French Guiana J. M. DUGOUJONP,E. GUITARDP,M. T. SENEGAS?,P. GRENANDSand E. BOIS* TCentre de Recherches sur le Polymorphisme Génétique des populations humaines, Toulouse, France $Département Société, Urbanisme, Développement, Paris, France *Unité de Recherches d'Epidémiologie Génétique, Paris, France Received 16 April 1993; revised II November 1993 Summary. We have studied 506 Amerindians from three French Guiana groups: 194 Wayampi, living in Trois-Sauts, and 100 in the Camopi area; 47 Emerillon also living in the Camopi area and 165 Wayana on the Litani and Maroni rivers. All samples were tested for Glm(1,2,3,17), G3m(5,6,10,11,13,14,15,16,21,24,28) and Km(1) by the classical method of hemaglutination inhibition. The phenotype and haplotype distributions are presented and have been subjected to factorial correspondence analysis. Two Gm haplotypes are common: Gm1*37;21,28,and Gm1,2,17;21,28,but with an important variation in frequency. A rare haplotype, probably the result of a genetic anomaly: Gm1,17;21R>28,is frequent in the Emerillon (17%). These populations show no evidence of Black or Caucasian admixtures. 1. Introduction The allotypic markers of human immunoglobulins (Ig) are inherited differences located on the heavy chains of IgG (Gm), IgA (Am), IgE (Em) and light chain Kappa (Km). Each epitope is restricted to one of the IgG (IgGl, IgG2 and IgG3) or IgA (IgA2) subclasses and found on the constant regions (CHI, CH2, or CH3 domains). -
The Use of Amerindian Charm Plants in the Guianas Tinde Van Andel1* , Sofie Ruysschaert2, Karin Boven3 and Lewis Daly4
van Andel et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2015) 11:66 DOI 10.1186/s13002-015-0048-9 JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE RESEARCH Open Access The use of Amerindian charm plants in the Guianas Tinde van Andel1* , Sofie Ruysschaert2, Karin Boven3 and Lewis Daly4 Abstract Background: Magical charm plants to ensure good luck in hunting, fishing, agriculture, love and warfare are known among many Amerindians groups in the Guianas. Documented by anthropologists as social and political markers and exchangeable commodities, these charms have received little attention by ethnobotanists, as they are surrounded by secrecy and are difficult to identify. We compared the use of charm species among indigenous groups in the Guianas to see whether similarity in charm species was related to geographical or cultural proximity. We hypothesized that cultivated plants were more widely shared than wild ones and that charms with underground bulbs were more widely used than those without such organs, as vegetatively propagated plants would facilitate transfer of charm knowledge. Methods: We compiled a list of charm plants from recent fieldwork and supplemented these with information from herbarium collections, historic and recent literature among 11 ethnic groups in the Guianas. To assess similarity in plant use among these groups, we performed a Detrended Component Analysis (DCA) on species level. To see whether cultivated plants or vegetatively propagated species were more widely shared among ethnic groups than wild species or plants without rhizomes, tubers or stem-rooting capacity, we used an independent sample t-test. Results: We recorded 366 charms, representing 145 species. The majority were hunting charms, wild plants, propagated via underground bulbs and grown in villages. -
Participatory Mapping in Lands of Indigenous Peoples and Maroons in Suriname
SUPPORT FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERIOR -COLLECTIVE RIGHTS PARTICIPATORY MAPPING IN LANDS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND MAROONS IN SURINAME FINAL SUMMARY REPORT December 2010 THE AMAZON CONSERVATION TEAM Doekhieweg Oost 24, PARAMARIBO , SURINAME , PH: (597) 568606 FAX: (597) 6850169. EMAIL: [email protected] . WEB: WWW.ACT-SURINAME.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4 1. INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………………………. 6 2. METHODOLOGY…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 3. COMMUNITY MAPPING PROCESS IN THE INTERIOR OF SURINAME.………………….. 14 3.1 THE INTERIOR AND ITS TRIBAL COMMUNITIES…………………………………………. 14 3.2 TRIBAL MAPPING PROCESSES…………………………………………………………….. 18 3.3 CHALLENGES IN THE COMMUNITY MAPPING PROCESS.…………………………….. 30 3.4 VERIFICATION OF FIELD DATA…………………………………………………………….. 32 3.5 GIS PROCESSING OF FIELD DATA INTO ONE MAP……………………………………… 33 REFERENCES…………….……………………………………………………………………………………… 35 ANNEX 1: ACT TRAINING MANUAL FOR GPS USE AND DATA TRANSFER….………….. 36 ANNEX 2: EXAMPLE OF COMMUNITY WORKSHOP RESULT…………………… …………. 37 ANNEX 3: ACT VERIFICATION MANUAL FOR COMMUNITY MAPPING………………….. 38 ANNEX 4: MAPPING EXPEDITIONS………………………………………………… …………. 39 ANNEX 5: VERIFICATION ROUNDS IN COMMUNITIES………………………………………. 40 ANNEX 6: COMMUNITY MAPPING PARTICIPANTS……………………………… …………. 41 ANNEX 7: TEAM OF CONSULTANTS…………………………………………………………… 47 ANNEX 8: TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE ASSIGNMENT…………………………………. 48 ANNEX 9: MEMORANDUM ACT‐GLIS……………………………………………………… -
Et Plantes Cultivées Sur Le Haut Maroni: Étude Comparée Chez Les Aluku Et Les Wayana En Guyane Française Boletim Do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas ISSN: 1981-8122 [email protected] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil Fleury, Marie Agriculture itinérante sur brûlis (AIB) et plantes cultivées sur le haut Maroni: étude comparée chez les Aluku et les Wayana en Guyane française Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, vol. 11, núm. 2, mayo- agosto, 2016, pp. 431-465 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Brasil Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394054353006 Comment citer Numéro complet Système d'Information Scientifique Plus d'informations de cet article Réseau de revues scientifiques de l'Amérique latine, les Caraïbes, l'Espagne et le Portugal Site Web du journal dans redalyc.org Projet académique sans but lucratif, développé sous l'initiative pour l'accès ouverte Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 11, n. 2, p. 431-465, maio-ago. 2016 Agriculture itinérante sur brûlis (AIB) et plantes cultivées sur le haut Maroni: étude comparée chez les Aluku et les Wayana en Guyane française Slash and burn agriculture and plant cultivated on upper Maroni: comparative study among Aluku and Wayana peoples in French Guiana Marie Fleury I IMuséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Paris, France Résumé: Vers la fin du 18 e siècle, les Noirs marrons Aluku, descendants d’esclaves rebelles fuyant les plantations hollandaises et les Amérindiens Wayana, arrivant du Brésil, où ils fuyaient les chasseurs d’esclaves, se sont rencontrés sur le haut Maroni, en Guyane française. Ce partage d’un même lieu de vie a été l’occasion d’échanger un grand nombre de techniques, notamment en ce qui concerne l’agriculture itinérante sur brûlis, et les plantes cultivées. -
Saramaka Maroons on the Brazilian Frontier Richard Price College Of
Saramaka Maroons on the Brazilian Frontier Richard Price College of William and Mary, Virginia, USA, and Anse Chaudière, Martinique Maroons in the Americas have always been champions at seizing the moment, whether in battles against their colonial enemies or in carving out imaginative economic niches in more recent times. This essay focuses on Maroon men from central Suriname who, in the second half of the nineteenth century, migrated to French Guiana where they monopolized the river transport system that supplied thousands of non-Maroon goldminers in that colony and, in the process, created a new of way of life for themselves and their descendants. The Oyapok region of French Guiana, which borders the Brazilian state of Amapá, might best be considered the distant frontier of a distant frontier B many thousands of kilometers from the metropolitan political center of Paris, many hundreds through the forest from the colonial capital of Cayenne, and, from the perspective of the Saramaka Maroons of central Suriname, at the farthest edge of the known geographical universe. In 1900, the mayor of the Commune de l=Oyapok gave the total population as 304. (He did not include members of the Aindigenous tribes of autochthonous or African origin living in the region@ which, according to a 1901 document, lived there Aunder the administrative protection of the customs service.@) Despite plans on the drawing board in 2002 for a bridge between St.- Georges-de-l'Oyapok and the Brazilian town of Oiapoque and for a road between St.- Georges-de-l'Oyapok and Cayenne (which would in theory permit direct road travel between, say, Macapá and Cayenne) the region has long remained a backwater B in 1971, for example, the largest town in the region, St-Georges-de-l'Oyapok, boasted only two cars.1 By 1900, when Saramaka Maroon migrants from Suriname (the main Atribe . -
The Coppename Kwinti: Notes on an Afro-American Tribe in Surinam
DIRK H. VAN DER ELST THE COPPENAME KWINTI: NOTES ON AN AFRO-AMERICAN TRIBE IN SURINAM I History and Development Kwinti origins and settlement—Population size—Language, isolation and obscurity. II Organization and Ideology Foreign affairs — Internal affairs — Clan and lineage — Marital relations — Christianity — Native polytheism III Culture Change and Viability Population and culture — Village economy — Ecology and acculturation — Adaptations — Factors in future viability References The ethnographic data for this report were collected during a ten-weeks' pilot study which my wife Kathleen and I conducted among the Bitagron Kwinti in the summer of 1973. This research was supported by National Science Founda- tion grant No. GS-38142, and by a Faculty Research grant from CSUF. — Address of author: California State University, Fresno. Ir. F.C. Bubberman, The Director of 's Lands Bosbeheer (Surinam's Forestry Service), has been of inestimable importance to my understanding of Kwinti culture. Not only did he physically introduce us to the people of Bitagron, but he freely and enthusiastically shared the fruits of his personal research into the history of Bush Negro migration and settlements. I am indebted to Ir. Bubberman and Drs. P.A. Teunissen, the goverment biologist at Raleigh Falls at the time of our research, for their information about Bush Negro ecology. I. HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT The Kwinti constitute the smallest and least known of the recog- nized Bush Negro societies, although their territory is theoreti- cally subject to the authority of the Matuari paramount chief. The Coppename River branch of the Kwinti achieved the furthest western penetration by an independent Bush Negro tribe.