Newberry National Volcanic Monument U.S

Home , Cinder cone, Crater Lake, East Lake (Oregon), Lava Butte, Lava Cast Forest, Lava River Cave

Deschutes National Forest Newberry National Volcanic Monument U.S. Forest Service U.S. Department of Agriculture

Summer/Fall 2015 Volcanic Vistas Visitor Guide

“Frost at Paulina Lake” Photo: A. Jewell

EBRATIN EL G Volcanic Wonders… C Yours to Discover! Visiting Newberry National Volcanic Monument allows you to explore Newberry Volcano, YEARS the largest volcano in the Cascade Range. There are extraordinary Volcanic Wonders within the Monument, making it a great place to learn about Central Oregon’s fiery past. Newberry’s eruptive history began 400,000 years ago and has created massive lava flows covering 1,200 square Newberry’s visitors of yesteryear: stopping by Paulina miles, producing lava tubes, and over 400 cinder cones and volcanic vents during it’s active Peak along old Forest Road 21. periods. The last eruption—just 1,300 years ago—formed the youngest lava flow in Oregon. Welcome! Newberry’s rich cultural history offers many ways for you to connect with those who came before. From the native communities who first crossed this land to the early European and June marks the beginning of a year- American explorers, from the grass-roots led Monument creators to casual visitors today, long celebration of the designation people have marveled at this rugged landscape for thousands of years. of Newberry National Volcanic Monument. Join us to celebrate this The Volcanic Wonders of Newberry National Volcanic Monument offer boundless opportunities remarkable volcanic landscape, its for exploration and recreation… yours to discover! diversity of outstanding recreation opportunities, and its rich cultural Lava Butte rises 500 feet above its history. 9 square-mile lava flow. It erupted 7,000 years ago and is one of Newberry’s The Monument was born from many cinder cones. (see page 6) grassroots citizen passion to protect Newberry for present and future generations. It’s this tremendous Lava Cast Forest formed when collaborative accomplishment 25 a lava flow overtook an old-growth Lava Butte photo: K. Sperl years ago that we are grateful for forest and cooled to form casts of the every day. trees that once stood there. I truly hope you have a safe and rewarding exploration of Newberry Lava River Cave is a mile-long Lava Cast Forest photo: K. Sperl National Volcanic Monument. Thank lava tube formed from one of Newberry you for visiting and celebrating Volcano’s massive eruptions about your treasured public lands on the 80,000 years ago. (see page 7)

Deschutes National Forest. Lava River Cave photo: K. Sperl

Newberry Caldera contains the crystal-clear East Lake and Paulina Lake, several lava flows, and lots of

Scott McBride opportunity for adventure. Newberry Caldera photo: US Forest Service Monument Manager Big Obsidian Flow formed just 1,300 years ago making it Oregon’s

Big Obsidian Flow Rensch C. photo: Look Inside! youngest lava flow. 2… Camping, Lodging, Food Paulina Peak crowns Newberry 3… Activities Caldera at its highest point of 7,984 ft. 4… Hiking Trails Paulina Peak photo: McNally C..

5… Monument Map Paulina Falls spills over the lowest 6… Could It Erupt Again? point of Newberry Caldera, plummet-

ing 80 ft. in a twin waterfall. Paulina Falls photo: J. Reese 7… Caves, Bats, & Frogs! 8… Support Your Monument! Call the MONUMENT HOTLINE (541) 383-5700 for up-to-date information photo: K. Hohman photo: K. Sperl photo: G. Frey photo: J. Snavely Additional accommodations and a variety Monument News Exhibits of restaurants are located in the nearby Facilities The Chitwood Exhibit Hall is located communities of Sunriver and La Pine. Ser- Cave Improvements within the Lava Lands Visitor Center vices, a major hospital, and many lodging Lava River Cave renovations in 2014 & Services with interpretive displays about the geol- and dining options are also available in improved segments of the stairs and ogy, ecology and cultural history of the Bend to the north of the Monument. walkway. A sturdy handrail was added Visitor Centers Monument. The exhibit hall also includes to the historic rock stairway into the information about the eruptive history of Camping There are two visitor centers on the Mon- Newberry Volcano. A 3-D topographic cave and a wide metal walkway was Campgrounds are located along Paulina ument, both staffed by Rangers ready to map provides an excellent overview of the installed over a rocky section and re- Lake Road (FS Road 21) at the southern answer questions and provide information entire Monument. The history of the vol- end of the Monument in Newberry Cal- routed away from hazardous rock out- to enhance the quality of your visit. Each canic activity of the Monument continues dera. Please see the table below for de- croppings. Though it accommodates visitor center has interpretive displays and in colorful interpretive panels along the tails. All campgrounds are managed and two-way traffic, the walkway does a Discover Your Forest store that sells Trail of the Molten Land behind the operated by Hoodoo Recreation. Con- not run the entire length of the cave. maps, books and gifts. Lava Lands Visitor Center. Along the Big tact Hoodoo directly for reservations: Visitors will still encounter uneven and Obsidian Flow trail, interpretive panels Lava Lands Visitor Center slippery surfaces and should use cau- explain the significance of the black volca- Information (M-F): 541-338-7869 May 1 – May 22: Open Thu—Mon nic glass. A display at the Paulina Visitor Reservations (Daily): 877-444-6777 tion walking through the cave. 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Center shows the timeline of human his- www.hoodoorecreation.com Explore the Sun-Lava Path May 23 – September 7: Open Daily tory on the Monument. Camp only in designated campgrounds 9:00 am to 5:00 pm Bike,hike, or stroll on the 5.5-mile within Newberry Caldera. Dispersed paved path that connects Lava Lands Sept. 8 – Sept. 30: Open Daily Lodging & Dining camping is allowed outside of Newberry Visitor Center, Benham Falls East Trail- 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Caldera in some locations. Stop by one of Two lodges are located within Newberry head, and the community of Sunriver. the Visitor Centers for detailed informa- Oct. 3 – Oct. 11: Open Weekends Caldera and operate under a special use tion and to receive a map identifying dis- The entire path is fully accessible and a 10:00 am to 4:00 pm permit through the Deschutes National wonderful adventure for all abilities. persed camping locations. Paulina Visitor Center Forest. Each offers cabin rentals, casual May 23 – June 7: Weekends and Holiday dining, a small general store and boat 10:00 am to 4:00 pm rentals. Guide Services There are a number of permitted guide June 11 – Sept. 7: Open Daily For information or to make reservations at services operating within the Monument 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Paulina Lake Lodge, call 541-536-2240 Good to Know or visit www.paulinalakelodge.com providing volcano tours, canoe/kayak ex- Sept. 8 – Sept. 30: Open Daily Accessibility cursions, fishing trips, snowmobile rentals 10:00 am to 4:00 pm For information about East Lake Resort and mountain bike adventures. Inquire at Many sites on the Monument are ac- or to make reservations, call 541-536-2230 one of the Visitor Centers for more infor- cessible to individuals who have various Oct. 3 – Oct. 11: Open Weekends or visit www.eastlakeresort.com mation. ranges of mobility. The Lava Lands Visi- 10:00 am to 4:00 pm tor Center and Chitwood Exhibit Hall are accessible to wheelchairs. There are also large, accessible restrooms with Campgrounds & Lodging running water. Accessible paths on the Total Reserve Monument include the Sun-Lava Path, Name Amenities Fee Per Night Sites Sites and segments of the Trail of the Mol- ten Land, Paulina Lakeshore Loop, Lava Paulina Lake Campground $18 / Extra Vehicle $9 69 39 Cast Forest Trail and the Paulina Falls acdgfkj Trail. Paulina Lake Campground has a Newberry Group Camp Site A: $75 Site B, C: $100 3 3 limited number of accessible sites. The afg Forest Service is working to improve Chief Paulina Horse Camp $14 / $18 / Extra Vehicle $7 14 14 accessible services on the Monument ag Little Crater Campground $18 / Extra Vehicle $9 49 25 for visitors with various impairments. agfk East Lake Campground $18 / Extra Vehicle $9 29 18 Drinking Water acgfk Water fountains are available at Lava Cinder Hill Campground $18 / Extra Vehicle $9 110 55 Lands Visitor Center. Running water is acgfk available at most campgrounds on the Paulina Lake Lodge Cabins: $95 - $252 14 14 Monument during peak season (June – HIgfk September). Most day use sites DO NOT East Lake Resort Cabins: $84 - $207 16 16 have running water. The Visitor Centers HIgfku do not sell bottled water in an effort to East Lake RV Park Tent: $25 / RV: $32 45 45 reduce waste and impacts from plastic ahFgfu bottles. Reusable water bottles can be Posted day use sites within campgrounds require valid recreation pass displayed in addition to any camping fees. See map on page 5 for campsite locations. purchased at both Visitor Centers.

Restrooms Recreation passes can be purchased at Restrooms with flush toilets and run- Recreation Passes Monument Welcome Stations located at ning water are located at both Visitor Recreation fees are required at all posted Lava Lands Visitor Center, Lava River Cave, Centers and many campgrounds. Most sites. Valid recreation passes include: Paulina Visitor Center, and all Forest Service day use areas have vault toilets. National Forest Day Pass ($5) Rangers Stations, or online at: www.fs.usda.gov/main/deschutes/passes- Showers National Forest ePass ($5) permits/recreation East Lake Resort/ RV campground has coin-operated showers. Nearby La Pine NNVM 3-Day Pass ($10, valid only at Fee Free Days! State Park also has showers available Monument Day Use Sites) for a fee. During the 2015 season no recreation Annual Northwest Forest Pass ($30) fees are required on the Monument in Phones Interagency Annual Pass ($80) recognition of the following days: Cell-phone service can be unreliable June 6 – National Trails Day in the Newberry Caldera. Reception Interagency Senior Pass ($10) throughout the Monument varies de- June 13 – National Get Out Doors Day Interagency Access Pass (FREE with valid pending on your location and service th documentation) June 20 – Monument 25 Anniversary provider. Celebration Kickoff Interagency Military Pass (FREE for active uniformed personnel and dependents). September 26 – National Public Lands Day

2 Monument Profile

Newberry National Volcanic Monument encompasses 54,822 acres within the Deschutes National Forest. This tract of land was included in the National Forest System for nearly a century before being designated as a National Monument in 1990 by President George H. W. Bush. photo: S. McBride photo: A. Jewell photo: J. Elliott Highway 97. Recover on the shore of from aquatic invaders. Stop aquatic hitch- National Monuments enjoy similar Paulina Lake at an elevation of 6,331 hikers by cleaning, draining and drying protections as National Parks but they Activities feet. Then enjoy gravity’s pull all the your boat and all equipment. are not the same. A Monument can way back down! be established by Executive Order while a National Park must be con- Hiking • Cyclists of any age or ability will en- Fishing gressionally designated. Another dif- Over 110 miles of summer trails and joy the Sun-Lava paved path. Wind The first trout were stocked in East Lake ference is that a National Monument 130 miles of winter trails can be your way through the forest from in 1912. Since then, both East and Paulina can be managed by any the following explored within and extending from the Lava Lands Visitor Center to the Lake have become known as some of the federal agencies – the National Park Monument. Trails vary widely in difficulty Deschutes River at the Benham Falls best fishing in the State of Oregon. Rain- Service, Bureau of Land Manage- from short walks on paved paths to long East Trailhead. Go for a short side bow, Kokanee, brown trout, and chub are ment, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, hikes on steep terrain. Use the table trip to see Benham Falls (not paved). lurking in the lakes. or the U.S. Forest Service. Newberry on page 4 to find a trail that suits your Fishing licenses are required and can be interests and abilities. Many spectacular National Volcanic Monument is one Wildlife Viewing purchased online or at either resort. All of the few Monuments managed by sights can be seen from these trails! Oregon State Fishing Regulations apply. Newberry Caldera is an Oregon State the U.S. Forest Service. Be prepared before going for a hike to Wildlife Refuge in addition to being a Pick up a copy of the 2015 regulations protect yourself and the Monument. National Monument. Many animals live or read them online to learn about daily Newberry National Volcanic Monu- Bring water, especially on hot days. There on the Monument but they can be dif- catch limits and advisories. ment was established to preserve and is not much shade on the lava flows. ficult to see. The most common wildlife protect the extraordinary volcanic Dress appropriately for the conditions, sightings are golden-mantled ground Swimming landforms as well as the natural and including proper footwear. Stay on the squirrels, yellow pine chipmunks and cultural resources that exist within trails for your own safety and to protect Many visitors enjoy swimming and wad- mule deer. Patient observers may see its boundaries. It also provides out- important habitat and fragile vegetation. ing in East and Paulina Lakes to cool off. coyote, black bear, pika, pine martens, standing opportunities for recreation, Know the leash laws and where pets can Look for signs posted about warnings. fishers, eagles, and osprey. Mountain lion scientific research, and education. or cannot go. Review the Leave No Trace Occasional blue-green algae blooms may be in the area but are rarely seen. Newberry Caldera, at the southern principles on page 6. Talk to a Ranger if can affect water quality and swimmer’s The Monument has an abundant diversity extent of the Monument, contains you have additional questions. safety– even pets. Do not swim at boat of bird species as well. Birders may check launch facilities. Hot springs at the lakes two majestic lakes surrounded by off species in various ecosystems from are undeveloped and shallow. Please, do mixed conifer forest and is crowned Biking the high desert to the alpine. not dig around the hot springs. by Paulina Peak. Lava Butte and its The Monument is an excellent place to Always keep a safe distance and respect lava flow mark the northern end. ride whether you seek a challenging road, wildlife. Never feed them, it can be dan- Learning Throughout the entire Monument, single-track trail, or an enjoyable paved gerous for people and it is unhealthy sweeping views, a diversity of life, There are many opportunities to learn path. Not all trails are open to bicycles so for them if they become habituated to miles of trails, and many adventures about the natural and cultural history of please check the table on page 4 before human food sources. Encountering an await within it’s Volcanic Wonders. Newberry National Volcanic Monument. deciding on your next ride. If you bike to animal in the wild can be an exhilarating While exploring on your own, visit any • Highest Elevation: 7,984 feet the Monument, recreation fees do not and captivating experience. Take care to of the interpretive exhibits or hike an in- (Paulina Peak) apply. Consider making a donation to ensure that both you and the wildlife part terpretive trail. Pick up one of the guide- Discover Your Forest in lieu of your fee or ways safely and unharmed. • Lowest Elevation: 3,960 feet books or historical books at the Discover donating your time as a volunteer! (Deschutes River) Your Forest Bookstores. Please use the bike racks provided to keep Boating • Oldest Lava Flow: 400,000 years pathways, sitting areas, and doorways To discover even more, join a Ranger-led East and Paulina Lakes are both excep- old (McKay Butte rhyolite dome clear. Walk bikes on the sidewalk and pa- activity or patio talk. Stop by the Visitor tional locations to take your boat out on Newberry’s west flank) tio at Lava Lands Visitor Center. Helmets Center or look for posted signs with during the warm summer months. Sev- are required for persons under 16 and are Ranger Led program schedules. Special • Youngest Lava Flow: 1,300 years eral boat launches are maintained by strongly recommended for all cyclists. Ranger led tours can be scheduled for old (Big Obsidian Flow) the Forest Service as well as one at each large groups as resources allow. Call • Paulina Lake Depth: 249 feet Popular rides: resort. Fees apply for boat launch facili- the Lava Lands Visitor Center for more ties and services. Boats of all sizes from • Mountain bike the 21-mile Crater information. • East Lake Depth: 185 feet canoes, kayaks, and stand up paddle Rim Trail that circles Newberry Cal- boards to motorboats can be rented at dera with single-track and sweeping either resort as well. The crystal clear views. For a shorter loop start from waters, forested shores, incredible fish- Cinder Hill TH link the Parallel Trail, ing and Paulina Peak views make the trip Crater Rim and Newberry Crater Trail. Be Bear Aware! quite worthwhile. • Climb almost 14 miles on asphalt up There is a 10 mph speed limit for all Newberry Caldera is not only part of Paulina Lake Road (Road 21) from boats. Help protect these pristine lakes a National Monument but is also a wildlife refuge. Leave no trace and always keep a clean camp to prevent wild animals from obtaining human Kids, you can be a food and garbage. Junior Forest Ranger! • Store all food and food-related items in a closed, hard-sided Help take care of Newberry National vehicle or suspended at least 10 ft. photo: US Forest Service Volcanic Monument and learn cool off of the ground and 4 ft. from information while you visit! If you are any supporting tree or pole. between the ages of 7 and 12, you can • Ice chests, coolers, boxes, cans, tents and soft-sided earn your Junior Forest Ranger Badge! campers are not bear-resistant! front photo: K. Gentry paw • Store pet food and livestock feed the same as Pick up a booklet at Lava Lands Visitor Center or Paulina Visitor Center. human food, out of reach from bears and other Complete the activities while you explore the monument and then return animals. it to a Ranger at either Visitor Center to • Deposit all garbage in wildlife-resistant trash earn your badge! Kids 6 and under can containers. earn a Smokey Bear pin by completing the • Remove all food and garbage from your campsite Smokey’s Helper Booklet! before you leave. rear • Never approach or feed any wildlife. paw Additional hands-on activities are offered at Lava Lands Visitor Center on Saturdays from Don’t be careless with food or garbage when camping. 10:30 – 12:30 beginning July 4th Weekend Wild animals, especially bears, may wander through at any time, day or night. through Labor Weekend! Inquire at the Wild animals near a campground are more likely to lose their fear of humans. Visitor Centers for more information. These animals can often become increasingly aggressive in their attempts to obtain human, pet, and livestock food.

3 Trails to Volcanic Wonders! A trail can lead to rare plant species or a clear mind; to a symphony of song- birds or an awe inspiring view of Volcanic Wonders. It can lead to satisfying lessons and challenging situations. You cannot know what you might find when you begin down a trail. For these reasons, keep stewardship and safety in mind. Review the Leave No Trace Principles listed on page 6 to learn how to protect yourself and the Monument’s resources. A few steps ahead or around the next switchback, the unknown is Yours to Discover! photo: K. Sperl photo:D. Peterson

Elev. Trail Name Mileage Use Map Description Gain Deschutes River #2.1 to Benham Falls 0.5 mile 0 ft. 1-Benham Cross the footbridge and follow a wide trail to the Benham w- Falls overlook. Lava Butte Rim #3918 0.25 mile 150 ft. 2-Lava Butte Circles the rim of Lava Butte, a cinder cone volcano. Pro- w vides views of the Cascades and Newberry Caldera. Lava Cast Forest #3960 1 mile loop 150 ft. 3-Lava Cast Paved path with many tree casts and sweeping views of wd the area. A designated National Recreation Trail. Old Mill Interpretive Trail #3984 0.3 mile 0 ft. 1-Benham Provides a glimpse of the Deschutes River’s historic uses loop wd and it’s ecology. 0.25 mile / 200 ft./ 4-Newberry Caldera Forested trail leads to the falls plunging 80 ft. with upper EASY Paulina Falls #3957 2 miles 400 ft. wd and lower viewing areas. Silica #3958.5 0.8 mile 50 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Hike through a mixed conifer forest from the Little Crater w Campground to the Big Obsidian Flow. Trail of the Molten Land #3922 1 mile loop 150 ft. 2-Lava Butte A must-see National Recreation Trail. Paved interpretive wd path meanders across a basalt lava flow to a viewpoint. Trail of the Whispering Pines #3930 0.3 mile 0 ft. 2-Lava Butte Paved path wanders through a Ponderosa pine forest. wd

Elev. Trail Name Mileage Use Map Description Gain Big Obsidian Flow #3958.1 1 mile loop 500 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Ascend the stairs to be surrounded by black volcanic glass, w catch views of surrounding peaks. Black Rock #3935 4 miles 300 ft. 2-Lava Butte A popular single-track mountain bike route that parallels w- the edge of Lava Butte’s lava flow. Deschutes River Trail - #2.1 10 miles 300 ft. 1-Benham Choose where to start and how long to go for a custom w- hike, trail follows the river past several falls. Hoffman Island #3959 1 mile 200 ft. 3-Lava Cast Get a great view of a kipuka, an island of trees surrounded w by lava on this less traveled trail. Lava River Cave 1 mile 300 ft. 2-Lava Butte Descend to the underground world of the longest lava w tube in Oregon. See page 7 for more info. Little Crater #3953 1.8 miles 500 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Offers unique views of the Big Obsidian Flow, Paulina Peak w and Paulina Lake. MODERATE Newberry Crater #3958 3.5 miles 800 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Head up the trail from Cinder Hill Trailhead to the view- w6- point on the Northeast rim of the Caldera. Parallel #3958.3 2 miles 550 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Parallels Rd. 21 on the east side of the Caldera and can be w6- used to access the Crater Rim Trail. Sun-Lava #3940 5.5 miles 300 ft. 2-Lava Butte Paved path, stop at the Deschutes River after 4 miles or w-d continue to Sunriver before turning back

Elev. Trail Name Mileage Use Map Description Gain Crater Rim #3957 21 mile loop 1,600 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera A great mountain bike ride. Shorten the loop by using a w6- connector trail. No water along the way. Lost Lake #3958.2 3.8 miles 300 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Parallels Rd. 21 then climbs to the Caldera Rim with unique w6- views of the Big Obsidian Flow. Paulina Lakeshore Loop #3955 7.5 mile 200 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera Go counter-clockwise for the best views. Don’t miss the the loop wd peak views on the north shore. Paulina Peak #3951 0.3 miles 204 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera A steep hike with huge views waiting on the peak. This w short spur trail connects to the Crater Rim Trail. DIFFICULT Peter Skene Ogden #3956 8.5 miles 2,000 ft. 4-Newberry Caldera A designated National Recreation Trail, it follows Paulina w6- Creek passing many waterfalls.

When there is a wildfire in the area, the Lookout be- Lava Butte Lookout comes essential to the safety of firefighters on the If you travel to the top of Lava Butte you will see ground. As crews approach a blaze on foot it can be the Lava Butte Lookout. This is both the name of difficult to see because of steep terrain, dense forests, the building and the person that staffs it. Lava Butte and heavy smoke. The Lookout provides an extra was first used as a fire lookout in 1913. The lookout set of eyes and relays information to the firefighters is on the National Historic Lookout Register and is by radio. From an elevated perspective, the Lookout still staffed today. Please, do not disturb the person informs crews on changing variables in fire behavior, who is working as the fire lookout. They have an im- wind, and other weather patterns. portant job to do: scan huge swaths of land for col- In addition to the person staffing the lookout, a volun- umns of smoke. The early detection provided by the teer Ranger is present on the summit of Lava Butte on Lookouts may prevent those small wisps of smoke most afternoons during the summer months. This uni- from becoming massive forest fires. The Lava Butte formed Ranger will gladly answer questions about the Lookout also scans the City of Bend and surrounding Fire Lookout, the surrounding area and can help orient properties, helping to protect many people’s homes you to the Monument and livelihoods. . photo: S. Dolan

4 Map 1: Benham Map 2: Lava Butte To

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0 0.25 0.5 1 1.5 2 Miles for the greatest good 2015 - SWH SWH - 2015 !55 If renewed activity occurred, lava flows may bury roads, railroads, power lines, gas Help Protect lines, and other important infrastructure. Lava flows can also dam rivers, causing Monument floods and contamination of drinking wa- Resources ter, and they can ignite forest fires. Picturesque Paulina Lake and East Lake Every visitor shares the responsibility hold their own threat. Eruptions occurring of protecting our National Monument. through water are especially hazardous Please take a moment to read these because they are more explosive and can regulations so you can explore safely cause flooding. An eruption in the caldera and help protect Monument resources. could send pyroclastic flows or landslides into the lakes. Displaced water would then Pets cause sudden flooding of roads, camp- Control and clean-up after your pets. grounds, and resorts, and large floods Pets are allowed on leash in picnic ar- could be sent roaring down tributaries. eas, campgrounds, parking areas and Newberry Volcano poses many hazards to on most Monument trails. Pets are not people nearby and it’s closely monitored. allowed in Lava River Cave or in federal U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is the gov- government buildings including the ernment agency responsible for evaluating Visitor Centers. It is not recommended volcanic hazards and warning the public of to take pets on the Big Obsidian Flow threats. USGS has a network of seismom- because the rock is very sharp. photo: J. Parsons eters on Newberry measuring earthquakes. Small quakes are common at Newberry, Wildlife Could Newberry Volcano erupt again? but a sudden increase in activity might be Keep wildlife wild. Do not feed or ap- by Daniele McKay, OSU-Cascades Vulcanologist a precursor to an eruption. proach wildlife. It is unsafe and harms USGS scientists are conducting detailed the ecosystem. Store food in closed, Yes, Newberry could erupt again. In fact, not a large caldera-forming eruption, it studies of Newberry’s past. By learning as it’s very likely that it will! The last erup- was violent enough to send ash as far as hard-sided vehicles, suspended at least much as possible about Newberry’s his- tion was about 1,300 years ago. It sounds Idaho. After most of the gas escaped from 10 feet in the air or in other bear-proof tory, scientists can make better predictions like ancient history, but geologically it’s the magma chamber, it continued as a containers. Always keep a clean camp about future activity and warn the public very recent. That eruption produced Big slow, effusive eruption of high-silica ob- to avoid attracting any animals into the if an eruption is likely to occur. For more Obsidian Flow, the youngest lava flow in sidian. There are several obsidian flows in information, visit the USGS website at: Monument campgrounds. Keep your Oregon. In addition to erupting recently, Newberry Caldera older than Big Obsidian pets leashed and under control to avoid http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanoes/ there’s evidence that magma still exists Flow, indicating that effusive eruptions of newberry/ conflicts or disturbance with wildlife. beneath Newberry. Hot springs, gas emis- silicic lava following explosive events are Camping sions, small earthquakes, and Newberry’s common at Newberry. location near other Cascade volcanoes all Mafic eruptions at Newberry Volcano: Camp only in designated sites within suggest magma lies beneath the volcano. Newberry’s Newberry Caldera. There is a 14-day Most of Newberry Volcano is composed of stay limit on the Deschutes National What if Newberry erupted today? overlapping mafic lava flows that erupted Volcanic Glass: Forest, this includes within Newberry The best way to figure out what a volcano from the flanks, or sides, of the volcano. Caldera. might do is to look at its history. Volcanic Though not as tall as peaks like Mt. Hood Obsidian eruptions are often classified by eruption and Mt. Rainier, the volume of material Fires & Firewood styles, which range from explosive to effu- erupted from Newberry makes it among the largest volcanoes in the Cascades. Campfires are allowed only in estab- sive. Explosive eruptions are just like they lished fire rings within designated sound: powerful explosions of ash and gas Mafic eruptions at Newberry didn’t have as blown high into the atmosphere. Effusive campgrounds in the Caldera. Campfires much gas as the caldera-forming eruptions eruptions are characterized by lava oozing may be further limited during fire sea- described above, but they had enough to out of the volcano. Newberry’s numerous son. Check campground postings or ask hurl molten fragments like fire-fountains eruptions have spanned the full range of of lava. Most of these fragments cooled a Ranger for more information. Limit explosive and effusive. This diversity makes firewood collection to ‘dead and down’ in the air and formed frothy vesicular rock Newberry National Volcanic Monument called scoria, or cinder, which piled up in wood for camping purposes only. a unique place to see recent examples of a cone around the vent. As gas escaped Chainsaw use is not permitted within nearly every type of volcanic activity. from the magma feeding these eruptions, campgrounds. Do not carve, chop or effusive lava flows emerged from the base otherwise damage vegetation. Chemical composition of the magma is an Photo by R. Gentry important aspect of eruptions. One of the of the cones. Hundreds of these cinder Hunting and Firearms main compounds in magma is silica, (it’s cones are scattered across the flanks of What is it? also a main ingredient in glass). Magmas, Newberry Volcano. Hunting and the use of firearms is not Obsidian is a natural volcanic lavas, and volcanic rocks high in silica are permitted within Newberry Caldera. Lava Butte has excellent places to see ex- glass, remarkably similar to the described as silicic. Obsidian is an exam- Firearms are not permitted in federal amples of this type of eruption. It’s a large glass in your windows. Unlike ple of a silicic volcanic rock. Volcanic prod- cinder cone created by explosive activity most rocks, obsidian is formed buildings including Visitor Centers. ucts low in silica are described as mafic. about 7,000 years ago. Effusive activity with minimum crystal growth and Off Highway Vehicles Basalt is an example of a mafic volcanic produced the spectacular black lava vis- has a disordered internal struc- rock. Volcanic rocks with intermediate ible from Hwy. 97 (accessible by trails from Off highway vehicles are not permitted ture similar to liquid. silica content are called andesite. High- the Visitor Center). You can reach the top on Newberry National Volcanic Monu- silica magma tends to trap more gas than of Lava Butte on a paved road from Lava ment. low-silica magmas. Both types erupt explo- Lands Visitor Center for breathtaking views Don’t Be a Other Monument Resources sively or effusively, but silicic magmas tend of Newberry and the Three Sisters. to erupt much more explosively. Newberry Rock Raider! Leave what you find, including wild- Volcano has produced both silicic and maf- Lava flows like these are similar to those flowers, rocks, artifacts, and even pine- erupting in Hawaii. They slowly cover the ic rocks, making it a unique place to see a Why can’t I take a piece home? cones. All natural resources are part of wide variety of volcanic products. landscape, burying everything in their a fragile ecosystem, many species rely path. The Lava Butte flow eventually Newberry National Volcanic Silicic eruptions at Newberry Volcano: on these resources to survive. made its way to the Deschutes River and Monument was established by the Newberry Volcano has produced several dammed it, creating a large lake. The river U.S. Congress on Nov. 5, 1990. As explosive silicic eruptions in the past. eventually carved a new path through Leave No Trace stated in legislation, its purpose When you visit Paulina Lake and East the flow establishing the channel we see The best way to minimize your impact is to “preserve and protect for Lake, you are standing on the floor of a today. Hundreds of eruptions similar to on both the Monument’s resources and present and future generations large caldera: a collapsed basin created Lava Butte have occurred at Newberry over on other visitors’ experience is to follow during a violent, highly explosive eruption. the past 400,000 years, creating effusive Newberry’s remarkable geologic the Leave No Trace Principles. These This event occurred about 75,000 years lava flows, some extending up to 40 miles landforms.” Each of us plays a seven principles have been developed ago, so much material was ejected that from their source vents covering much of vital role in caring for our Na- to help people enjoy their time out- the volcano collapsed into itself. Large the Bend and Redmond areas. Many of tional Monument. Damaging or doors responsibly. For more information amounts of ash were produced, along with these flows channeled into sections of the removing even a small sample of visit www.LNT.org or talk to a Ranger! another very dangerous volcanic product Deschutes and Crooked Rivers, sometimes rock degrades the resource and called pyroclastic flows. These are super filling deep canyons with molten lava. it’s illegal (36 CFR 261.9 a and b). • Plan Ahead and Prepare hot, fast-moving currents of gas, ash, and Please report any violations you Volcanic hazards and monitoring: • Travel and Camp on Durable Sur- rock that burn and bury everything in their see to a Forest Service ranger. Since it is located near populated areas, faces path. Deposits from these flows cover the flanks of Newberry Volcano, and ash from Newberry is considered a high-threat vol- How can I see obsidian and learn • Dispose of Waste Properly this eruption has been found as far away cano. Eruptions could significantly impact more? as San Francisco. Based on deposits found central Oregon. Volcanic ash can cause • Leave What You Find respiratory problems, crop failure, roof col- Travel to the Newberry Caldera at Newberry, it’s possible that the volcano and hike the Big Obsidian Flow has produced as many as three large cal- lapse, water contamination, and mechani- • Minimize Campfire Impacts trail to observe this unique vol- dera-forming events in it’s past. cal or electrical failure of car and jet en- • Respect Wildlife gines. Pyroclastic flows travel very quickly canic rock. To learn more or to Newberry also produced explosive erup- and are deadly to everything in their path. obtain a sample of obsidian, visit • Be Considerate of Other Visitors tions that did not create calderas. The Effusive lava flows move slowly, and bury the Paulina Visitor Center or Lava eruption that produced the Big Obsidian everything in their path under solid rock. Lands Visitor Center. Flow began as an explosive one. Although 6 CAVE TOURS: 3 PM Daily Cave Access: Join a ranger guided one-hour tour of Lava • The crawl space near the end of the cave is closed River Cave to learn more about cave geology to visitors to prevent the potential spread of and ecology. Tours are limited to 15 people, spores that cause White-nose Syndrome and for reservations are accepted day of tour. your safety. Comfort and Safety: • The cave is closed after hours and from October 1 until the opening date in May. • Carry 2 light sources with you into the cave. No liquid gas lanterns please. There is no lighting in Bat Health at Lava River Cave: the cave, but various light sources are available for rent or sale at cave entrance. • Visit the Bat Conservation Station at Lava River Cave to help protect Lava River Cave bats and • Wear warm clothing: cave temperature averages stop the spread of White-nose Syndrome. Get a photo: K. Sperl 42 ºF. bat stamp of approval to enter the cave. LAVA RIVER CAVE • Wear sturdy closed-toe shoes or boots as cave • If you have been in a cave or mine outside of access requires walking on steep stairs and Oregon or Washington, no item worn or used in Discover another world below ground in Oregon’s slippery, uneven surfaces. that cave or mine is allowed in Lava River Cave longest lava tube extending almost 1 mile. Walk • Watch your head. Child carrier backpacks are (including clothing, boots, headlamp, cameras, down 55 stairs as you slowly descend into the not recommended. Ceiling height in the cave is backpack, etc.). darkness. Discover unique cave features formed by variable with some rock outcroppings. • It is important to disinfect your clothing, boots, a massive lava flow long ago. • Please use restrooms before entering the cave. and gear worn in Lava River Cave before going There are NO toilets in the cave. It is 2 miles into another cave on or off the Forest. For clean- CAVE HOURS: ing protocols, visit www.whitenosesyndrome.org round-trip, and average time underground is 2 May 1 – May 22: Open Thu – Mon hours. • Read the article below for more information on 10:00 am to 5:00 pm • Only certified service dogs are allowed in the White-nose Syndrome. May 23 – September 7: Open Daily cave but not recommended due to the abra- 9:00 am to 5:00 pm sive metal on stairs and walkways. There is not September 8 – September 30: Open Daily enough shade in the parking lot to safely leave 10:00 am to 5:00 pm pets in vehicles. GATE CLOSES AT 4 PM

Lava River Cave points of interest Entrance Collapsed Corridor Echo Hall U.S. Hwy. 97 Low Bridge Lane 4500’ Two Tube Tunnel Sand Gardens 0’ 300’ 600’ 4400’

4300’

0’ 500’ 1000’ 1500’ 2000’ 2500’ 3000’ 3500’ 4000’ 4500’ 5000’ 5200’

Protecting Bats at Lava The Oregon Spotted Frog River Cave From The Oregon spotted frog, named for the black spots that cover it, is a highly aquatic species found White-nose Syndrome on the Deschutes National Forest. It was recently listed as a threatened species by the U.S. Fish and by Julie York, USFS Wildlife Biologist Wildlife Service due to the loss of over 90% of its White-nose Syndrome (WNS) has killed almost 6 mil- former range. The Deschutes NF is referred to as the lion hibernating bats in the Eastern and Midwestern stronghold of habitat for the population. U.S. since 2006. It now occurs in 25 states and 5 They inhabit emergent wetlands and are found in Canadian provinces. perennial bodies of water such as springs, ponds, lakes, and rivers. They require shallow water for WNS is caused by a cold-loving fungus that thrives egg masses and tadpoles and deep pools for juve- in caves and mines. Named for the white powdery niles and adults in the dry season. They also spend appearance around bats’ noses, the fungus may also the winter underwater in deep water that doesn’t WNS infected tricolored bat. Photo: Dr. William E. Stone occur on ears, wings, and forearms or may not be freeze completely. visible at all. The fungus agitates bats, awakening them during winter hibernation. Bats use their water The Oregon spotted frog is the most aquatic species Bat Benefits: and fat reserves too quickly, reducing their chance for of frog. It spends very little time on land preferring surviving winter. The fungus primarily spreads from to move from breeding or summer habitat to winter Did you know... bat-to-bat contact but may also be spread by bring- habitat through the water. Other amphibian spe- ing contaminated human clothing or equipment from cies found here may spend more of their time on • Bats are the only mammals capable of true one cave or mine to another. land like the Pacific tree frog and western toad. The flight. Their wing membrane stretches between Oregon spotted frog can also utilize warmer waters extremely elongated fingers, resembling a There are no known health risk to humans from for portions of its life history unlike the Cascades human hand. WNS. However, the impacts to humans from the loss frog, which requires very cold water. of bats may be devastating. Bats play a crucial role • Bats are the primary predators of night-flying Protecting Oregon spotted frog populations in the health of our ecosystem by consuming many insects, including forest and agricultural pests. through maintaining and restoring healthy aquatic insects, including pest species. Nationally, scientists habitats will be a key objective of conservation ef- • In tropical areas, bats pollinate and disperse estimate annual economic losses in the billions of forts. Projects may include restoring natural hydro- seeds for many plants including bananas, dollars due to an increase in insect pests as a result logic regimes and removal of non-native predators. mangos, cashews, and even agaves that produce of the high mortality of bats from WNS and wind tequila! powered turbines. • Lessons learned from bats’ echolocation have WNS is not known to occur west of the Rocky Moun- produced navigational aids for the blind. tains, so help us prevent or slow its spread by doing your part to keep this disease out of caves in Oregon. • Bat droppings in caves are called guano and can be used as fertilizers. For more information about • Research on bat biology has led to white-nose Syndrome, scan this advancements in sonar, vaccine development, QR code with your smart device and blood anti-coagulation for humans. or go to: • Vampire bat saliva may help stroke victims www.whitenosesyndrome.org dissolve the blood clots that cause a stroke. photo: US Forest Service 7 U.S. Forest Service Regional Map U.S. Department of Agriculture

This is the official visitor’s guide UV293 and informational newspaper for «¬26 Newberry National Volcanic «¬22 ¤£97 Monument. This publication was !H produced by Discover Your Forest, Madras (a 501c3 nonprofit) in collaboration with Deschutes National Forest. «¬26 photo: J. Whelan «¬20 «¬20 «¬26 «¬126 Sisters !H !HRedmond Volunteer With Us! 242 UV £97 Newberry National Volcanic Monument is home «¬126 ¤ to a group of wonderful Volunteers: men, women Deschutes !HBend National and teens with a passionate interest in volcanoes, Monument Hotline: Forest science, and the rich cultural and geological history 541-383-5700 «¬20 surrounding Central Oregon’s National treasure. Lava Lands Visitor Center: These dedicated people have helped in immeasur- «¬58 541-593-2421 able ways to make your experience at Newberry the !H # Newberry best it can be. Deschutes National Forest: La Pine 541-383-4000 National We’re proud of and grateful for our volunteers who Monument Address: !H have, for decades, donated thousands of hours help- Crescent Volcanic 58201 S. Highway 97 ing at Newberry National Volcanic Monument. Our Bend, OR 97702 volunteers guide school groups, lead hikes, keep UV138 !H Monument Mailing Address: Chemult trails clean and safe, and share information with the 63095 Deschutes Market Road public at the Monument’s Visitor Centers and signa- UV138 Bend, OR 97701 UV230 «¬31 ture volcanic wonders sites. Our volunteers are one Crater Lake of Newberry’s best resources. Along with informa- Website: www.fs.usda.gov/deschutes ¤£97 tion about the Monument, our Volunteers enhance Facebook: www.facebook.com/ National Park the visitor’s experience by educating the public deschutesnationalforest UV62 UV62 about Leave No Trace ethics and how to be good Twitter: @DesNatlForest Paisley !H stewards of our public lands. Hashtag: #NNVM25 !H Chiloquin If you would like to learn more about how to be- Emergency: 911 come a Volunteer and experience the wonders of UV140 Oregon Road Conditions: 511 UV140 Newberry National Volcanic Monument visit: Crater Lake National Park: !HKlamath Falls www.discoveryourforest.org/volunteer 541-594-3000 Lakeview !H or call Discover Your Forest at 541-383-5530.

Your Donations Matter! NEW for 2015! Lava Butte Shuttle

Newberry National Discover Your Forest and Deschutes National Forest are excit- Volcanic Monument ed to announce a new partnership with Cascades East Transit is operated through a (CET). Visitors can now utilize a convenient shuttle service to partnership between access the summit of Lava Butte. the Deschutes National The shuttle will operate from Memorial Day Weekend Forest and Discover Your through Labor Day Weekend during the 2015 season. It will Forest (DYF). DYF is a depart from Lava Lands and Lava Butte about every 20 min- local 501c3 nonprofit utes from 9:20 am to 4:40 pm. organization dedicated photo: CET to promoting the dis- Fares are $2 per rider (children 2 and under ride free). All fares are cash only with exact change covery of Deschutes and required. Busses are wheelchair accessible and can transport bicycles. Fares are subject to change. photo: G. Frey Ochoco National Forests Why a shuttle? and Crooked River National Grassland, enriching the experiences of visitors, and building community stewardship of these special • Reduce wait times and allow more people to travel to the summit. places today and for generations to come. • Reduce emissions from vehicles driving up the road. Proceeds from your donations, shuttle fares, and our retail • Increase the safety of visitors hiking or biking up Lava Butte. operations are used to fund conservation education programs, publications, exhibits, guest speakers, events and other services Proceeds from the shuttle service will be donated to Discover Your Forest to support education designed to enhance your appreciation of the area. Thanks in part and interpretation on the Monument. to visitor donations during the past year, DYF has been able to:

• Help Deschutes National Forest to manage over 2,000 volunteers delivering over 47,000 hours and Shopping on the Monument $1,070,000 in donated labor. • Mentor 11 student interns, providing over 2,600 hours Discover Your Forest is proud to offer visitors a chance to of career path exploration. support Central Oregon’s National Forests by purchasing items from our Discover Your Forest stores. • Train 25 Certified Interpretive Rangers who made over 30,000 visitor contacts. Proceeds from your purchases in our stores support student • Provide 5,400 K-12 students with free educational education programs, interpretive programs, exhibits, publica- programs, activities, and field-trips to Newberry tions and other services designed to enhance your apprecia- National Volcanic Monument. tion of the Deschutes and Ochoco National Forests. • Helped over 2,700 children complete the Junior Forest We offer a variety of books featuring hiking, plants, animals, photo: Discover Your Forest Ranger program. volcanoes and information about the geology of Central • Manage winter programs for over 5,000 participants Oregon and the Pacific Northwest. For the kids we have a great selection of educational items to at Mt. Bachelor through formal school trips and week- ignite imaginations. Our plush animals and Smokey Bear merchandise are visitor favorites. Make end tours. sure to check out our collection of Newberry National Volcanic Monument pins, patches and hats; or take home our fun “Go with the Flow” and “Chillin” t-shirts and sweatshirts. Collectable items • Enrich the community with Art, Film, Speaking, and like our Lantern Press postcards, mugs, and posters feature highlights of the Deschutes National Photography events. Forest and make a great memento of your visit. • Produce and distribute visitor publications reaching over 70,000 visitors. Visit Discover Your Forest stores at Lava Lands Visitor Center, Paulina Visitor Center at the Newberry Caldera and Lava River Cave. Discover Your Forest and Deschutes National Forest are committed to making your visit to Newberry truly monumental.

In accordance with Federal law and U.S. Department of Agriculture policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age, or disability.