Pulse and Their By-Products As Animal Feed
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Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women a Guide to Measurement
FANTA III FOOD AND NUTRITION TECHNICAL A SSISTANCE Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women A Guide to Measurement Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women A Guide to Measurement Published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and USAID’s Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), managed by FHI 360 Rome, 2016 Recommended citation: FAO and FHI 360. 2016. Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women: A Guide for Measurement. Rome: FAO. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of FANTA/FHI 360 concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or FHI 360 in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Additional funding for this publication was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the support of the Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), under terms of Cooperative Agreement AID-OAA-A-12-00005 through the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), managed by FHI 360. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO, FHI 360, UC Davis, USAID or the U.S. -
Nutritional and Technological Properties of Tepary Bean (Phaseolus Acutifolius) Cultivated in Mexican Northeast
Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 37, 2019 (1): 62–68 https://doi.org/10.17221/331/2017-CJFS Nutritional and technological properties of Tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) cultivated in Mexican Northeast Laura Heredia-Rodríguez1, Marcela Gaytán-Martínez2, Eduardo Morales-Sánchez3, Aurora de Jesús Garza-Juárez1, Vania Urias- Orona1, Blanca Edelia González-Martínez1, Manuel López-Cabanillas Lomelí 1, Jesús Alberto Vázquez-Rodríguez1* 1Research Center in Nutrition and Public Health, Public Health and Nutrition Faculty, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico 2Research and Graduate Studies in Food Science, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónomade Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico 3CICATA-IPN, Queretaro Unit, Instituto Politenico Nacional, Querétaro, Mexico *Corresponding author: [email protected] Citation: Heredia-Rodríguez L., Gaytán-Martínez M., Morales-Sánchez E., Garza-Juárez A.J., Urias-Orona V., González- -Martínez B.E., López-Cabanillas Lomelí M., Vázquez-Rodríguez J.A. (2018): Nutritional and technological properties of Te- pary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) cultivated in Mexican Northeast. Czech J. Food Sci., 37: 62–68. Abstract: The nutritional, cooking and technological properties of the Tepary bean (TB) cultivated in Mexican nor- theast comparing to two common beans varieties (Pinto Americano and Black Jamapa) were evaluated in this study. Nutritional parameters evaluated of TB resulted significantly different from common beans varieties analysed, except lipid fraction. Cooking times of soaked (4 and 8 h) and non-soaked varieties varied significantly; TB shows between 55.1–80.49 min by cooking time. The textural profile analysis (TPA) of TB showed a significant reduction of hard- ness, chewiness and adhesiveness in soaked compared to non-soaked. In addition, TB presented a similar behaviour to Pinto Americano in TPA non-soaked and cooked and soaked 8h and cooked, except to adhesiveness. -
Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars
Food Structure Volume 11 Number 2 Article 9 1992 Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars Anup Engquist Barry G. Swanson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/foodmicrostructure Part of the Food Science Commons Recommended Citation Engquist, Anup and Swanson, Barry G. (1992) "Microstructural Differences Among Adzuki Bean (Vigna Angularis) Cultivars," Food Structure: Vol. 11 : No. 2 , Article 9. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/foodmicrostructure/vol11/iss2/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Dairy Center at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Food Structure by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FOOD STRUCTURE, Vol. II (1992), pp. 171-179 1046-705X/92$3.00+ .00 Scanning Microscopy International , Chicago (AMF O'Hare), IL 60666 USA MICROSTRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES AMONG ADZUKI BEAN (Vigna angularis) CULTIVARS An up Engquist and Barry G. Swanson Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6376 Abstract Introduction Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to Adzuki beans are one of the oldest cultivated beans study mi crostructural differences among five adzuki bean in the Orient, often used for human food, prepared as a cultivars: Erimo, Express, Hatsune, Takara and VBSC. bean paste used in soups and confections (Tjahjadi and Seed coat surfaces showed different patterns of cracks , Breene, 1984). The starch content of adzuki beans is pits and deposits . Cross-sections of the seed coats re about 50 %, while the protein content ranges between vealed well organized layers of elongated palisade cell s 20%-25% (Tjahjadi and Breene, 1984) . -
Genetic Dissection of Azuki Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus Chinensis L.) Resistance in Moth Bean (Vigna Aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal)
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genetic Dissection of Azuki Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) Resistance in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal) Prakit Somta 1,2,3,* , Achara Jomsangawong 4, Chutintorn Yundaeng 1, Xingxing Yuan 1, Jingbin Chen 1 , Norihiko Tomooka 5 and Xin Chen 1,* 1 Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China; [email protected] (C.Y.); [email protected] (X.Y.); [email protected] (J.C.) 2 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand 3 Center for Agricultural Biotechnology (AG-BIO/PEDRO-CHE), Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand 4 Program in Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand; [email protected] 5 Genetic Resources Center, Gene Bank, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (X.C.) Received: 3 September 2018; Accepted: 12 November 2018; Published: 15 November 2018 Abstract: The azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an insect pest responsible for serious postharvest seed loss in leguminous crops. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of seed resistance to C. chinensis in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal). An F2 population of 188 plants developed by crossing resistant accession ‘TN67’ (wild type from India; male parent) and susceptible accession ‘IPCMO056’ (cultivated type from India; female parent) was used for mapping. -
AP-42, CH 9.10.2.2: Peanut Processing
9.10.2.2 Peanut Processing 9.10.2.2.1 General Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea), also known as groundnuts or goobers, are an annual leguminous herb native to South America. The peanut peduncle, or peg (the stalk that holds the flower), elongates after flower fertilization and bends down into the ground, where the peanut seed matures. Peanuts have a growing period of approximately 5 months. Seeding typically occurs mid-April to mid-May, and harvesting during August in the United States. Light, sandy loam soils are preferred for peanut production. Moderate rainfall of between 51 and 102 centimeters (cm) (20 and 40 inches [in.]) annually is also necessary. The leading peanut producing states are Georgia, Alabama, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, Florida, and Oklahoma. 9.10.2.2.2 Process Description The initial step in processing is harvesting, which typically begins with the mowing of mature peanut plants. Then the peanut plants are inverted by specialized machines, peanut inverters, that dig, shake, and place the peanut plants, with the peanut pods on top, into windrows for field curing. After open-air drying, mature peanuts are picked up from the windrow with combines that separate the peanut pods from the plant using various thrashing operations. The peanut plants are deposited back onto the fields and the pods are accumulated in hoppers. Some combines dig and separate the vines and stems from the peanut pods in 1 step, and peanuts harvested by this method are cured in storage. Some small producers still use traditional harvesting methods, plowing the plants from the ground and manually stacking them for field curing. -
Good Manufacturing Practices and Industry Best Practices for Peanut
GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES AND INDUSTRY BEST PRACTICES FOR PEANUT PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS Revised October 2009 The American Peanut Council 1500 King Street, Suite 301 Alexandria, Virginia _____________________________________________________________ Any reproduction of the information contained in this document requires the express written consent of the American Peanut Council, 1500 King Street, Suite 301, Alexandria, Virginia 22314. Contents DEFINITION OF TERMS .............................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 5 GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES ................................................................................................... 7 Personnel Practices ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Establishing a Training Program .............................................................................................................. 8 Educate workers on the importance of proper hand washing techniques ................................................. 8 Building and Facilities ................................................................................................................................. 9 Plants and Grounds .................................................................................................................................. -
ABSTRACT SHI, XIAOLEI. Effects of Different
ABSTRACT SHI, XIAOLEI. Effects of Different Roasting Conditions on Peanut Quality. (Under the direction of Dr. Lisa L. Dean and Dr. K.P. Sandeep). In the U.S., a major portion of the peanut crop is converted from whole seed into value-added products. For such purposes, the peanut seeds are processed using a thermal operation as the first step in the manufacture of the final products, to achieve specific flavors, colors, and textures. Peanuts are typically processed by dry roasting or oil roasting (deep frying and blister frying). Comparisons among different dry roasting conditions and different roasting methods were made in this work regarding their effects on the quality-related properties of roasted peanuts. On an industrial scale, peanuts are typically roasted to a specific color for quality control. Recent lab scale experiments demonstrated that peanuts roasted to equivalent surface colors at different time/temperature combinations could vary substantially in chemical and physical properties related to product quality. This study expanded that approach to a pilot plant scale roaster. Jumbo-size runner-type peanuts were systematically roasted at 5 temperatures (149-204 °C) to three Hunter L-values of 53.0, 48.5, and 43.0 using the same peanut bed depth and air flow. The flavor of medium dry roasted peanuts was superior to light and dark roasts, with higher roasted peanutty and sweet aromatic flavor notes. Total tocopherols of oil extracted from the roasted peanuts was greatest in peanuts roasted to darker colors, with the medium and dark oil showing no significant differences from the raw oil. -
Fish Processing Wastes Used As Feed Ingredient for Animal Feed and Aquaculture Feed
Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences 6(2) 55-64 2020 Fish processing wastes used as feed ingredient for animal feed and aquaculture feed Afreen M.1; Ucak I.1* Received: May 2019 Accepted: July 2019 Abstract: Fish wastes management has become a global problem from the last years. Dispose of seafood wastes cause environmental pollution. To overcome this issue these unwanted seafood products are used for the formation of animal feed and aquaculture feed. These unwanted products include small fish and those parts of fish which are not used as human food. These unwanted parts include viscera, head, fins and skin of fish. These byproducts are rich source of protein, minerals and vitamins so these can be used as a supplement in animal feed. These are also used to fulfill the deficiency of protein in animals. These byproducts can be used in the form of fish meal, fish oil, and protein hydrolysates and fish silage. Protein hydrolysates provide high amount of nitrogen and fish oil provide triglycerides of fatty acids and phospholipids in the animal feed industry. These are also used in the formation of pet feed and in the formation of fertilizers. These byproducts are processed for feeding by using fermentation, biotechnological and bio preservation techniques. Keywords: Seafood, Byproduct, Supplement, Fish silage, Fish oil, Protein hydrolysate. Downloaded from sifisheriessciences.com at 14:03 +0330 on Wednesday October 6th 2021 [ DOI: 10.18331/SFS2020.6.2.7 ] 1-Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, -
Sprout Production in California
PUBLICATION 8060 Sprout Production in California WAYNE L. SCHRADER, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, San Diego County Sprouts have been used for food since before recorded history. Sprouts vary in texture and taste. Some are spicy (e.g., radish and onions), some are used in Asian foods (e.g., mung bean [Phaseolus aureus]), and others are delicate (e.g., alfalfa) and are UNIVERSITY OF used in salads and sandwiches to add texture. Vegetable sprouts grown for food are CALIFORNIA baby plants that are harvested just after germination. Various crop seeds may be Agriculture sprouted. The most common are adzuki, alfalfa, buckwheat, Brassica spp. (broccoli, and Natural Resources etc.), cabbage, clover, cress, garbanzo, green peas, lentils, mung bean, radish, rye, http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu sesame, wheat, and triticale. Production practices should provide appropriate ger- mination conditions, moisture, and temperatures that allow for the “harvesting” of the sprouts at their optimal eating quality. Production practices should also allow for efficient cleaning and packaging of sprouts. VARIETIES Mung bean seed are used to produce bean sprouts; some soybeans and adzuki beans are also used to produce bean sprouts. The preferred varieties are those that have smaller-sized seed. With small seed, the cotyledons and seed coats are less objec- tionable or are more easily removed from the finished product. The smallest-seeded varieties of mung bean are Oklahoma 12 and Oriental; larger-seeded types are Jumbo and Berken. Any small-seeded adzuki may be used for sprouts; a variety called Chinese Red Adzuki is sometimes substituted for adzuki bean even though it is not a true adzuki bean. -
Screening Local Feed Ingredients of Benin, West Africa, for Fish Feed
Aquaculture Reports 17 (2020) 100386 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Aquaculture Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aqrep Screening local feed ingredients of Benin, West Africa, for fish feed formulation T Adékambi Désiré Adéyèmia, Adéchola P. Polycarpe Kayodéa,*, Ifagbemi Bienvenue Chabia, Oloudé B. Oscar Odouaroa, Martinus J.R. Noutb, Anita R. Linnemannc a Laboratory of Valorization and Quality Management of Food Bio-Ingredients, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526 Cotonou, Benin b Ronfostec, Papenpad 14, 6705 AX Wageningen, the Netherlands c Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The cost of fish feed is a major constraint to fish farming in Sub-Sahara Africa. In the aquaculture value chain, Fish feed feed is a determining factor and accounts for 60-75% of the total cost of fish production in many African Ingredient countries. Therefore, 284 actors from all eight agro-ecological areas of Benin were interviewed and 28 local feed Nutritional quality ingredients were collected as alternative ingredients for new fish feed formulations for, predominantly, Clarias Availability gariepinus and Tilapia niloticus. Three categories of feeds were used, namely imported (84% of farmers), locally Cost produced to complement imported feeds (76%) and natural ingredients (81%). The main imported feeds were Clarias gariepinus from the Netherlands (59% of farmers), Ghana (52%) and France (15%). Natural ingredients were mostly Moringa leaves (52%), cassava leaves (26%) and maggots (43%). The best available ingredients were cereal bran, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cassava chips, palm kernel cake, soybean and maize. -
Common Terms Used in Animal Feeding and Nutrition
Common Terms Used in Animal Feeding and Nutrition Uttam Saha, Program Coordinator, Feed and Environmental Water Laboratory Leticia Sonon, Program Coordinator, Soil, Plant, and Water Laboratory Dennis Hancock, Assistant Professor, Extension Forage Specialist Nicholas Hill, Professor, Crop and Soil Sciences Lawton Stewart, Assistant Professor, Extension Beef Specialist Gary Heusner, Professor, Extension Equine Specialist David E. Kissel, Professor and Director, Agricultural and Environmental Services Laboratories The largest operating cost in a livestock production enterprise is the feed bill. To keep this cost low, one must sup- ply the right amount of feed to the animals. Overfeeding is wasteful. Underfeeding will decrease animal perfor- mance and profitability. Therefore, proper animal feeding and nutrition are crucial to the profitability of the live- stock enterprise. Laboratory analyses of the composition of feed or forage are used to assess their nutritive value (Figure 1). A typi- cal feed analysis includes measurements of some important quality attributes or parameters (e.g., crude protein, fiber, digestibility, etc.) used to define nutritive value. Other parameters are analyzed under some special circum- stances. For example, acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) is usually only measured if heat damage to the feed is suspected. Feed or Forage Sample Dry Water Removed Organic Matter (Burned) Burn Moisture Free Feed/Dry Matter (Remains) Ash (Remains): Neutral Detergent Extraction Various Minerals and Sand Neutral Detergent -
Evaluating the Agricultural, Historical, Nutritional, and Sustainable Uses of Pulse Grains and Legumes
EVALUATING THE AGRICULTURAL, HISTORICAL, NUTRITIONAL, AND SUSTAINABLE USES OF PULSE GRAINS AND LEGUMES A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Stefanie Marie Havemeier IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE June 2018 ©Stefanie Marie Havemeier 2018 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I would like to extend my sincerest appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Joanne Slavin, for her guidance, trust, and support throughout my graduate degree. She is a role model to all, especially her graduate students, and her positive attitude brings life to any arduous task. I would undoubtedly not be where I am today if it were not for Dr. Slavin providing me with the opportunity to work alongside her. I would also like to thank my other advisory committee members: Dr. Dave Smith and Dr. Renee Korczak. Thank you, Dr. Dave Smith, for providing me with fundamental information that forms the basis of food science and always a good laugh in the classroom. Thank you, Dr. Korczak, for allowing me to work beside you as your teacher’s assistant, barreling through endless student emails together. I thank my lab mates, Alexis, Hannah, Jennifer, Julie, Justin, and Rylee, for providing guidance and advice and for always listening. I would not have been able to complete this journey without your constant support. To my parents, David and Jeane, I would like to thank you for your encouragement and unending support not only throughout this process but, throughout my entire life. To my sister, Stacie, thank you for listening to me talk, “about my beans,” endlessly.