Empirical Correlation Between Shear Wave Velocity (Vs) and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT-N) for Dinajpur District, Bangladesh Md

Journal of Nature, Science & Technology 3 (2021) 25-29 www.acapublishing.com Research Article Empirical Correlation between Shear Wave Velocity (Vs) and Uncorrected Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT-N) for Dinajpur District, Bangladesh Md. Belal Hossain*, Md. Mahabub Rahman, Md. Rashedul Haque. Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh Keywords Abstract Shear wave velocity, In seismic analysis, shear wave velocity (Vs) is a valuable parameter for measuring the site Standard penetration resistance, effect of earthquake microzonation. Various methods have been explored to measure this Subsurface, key factor directly. Since measuring shear wave velocity directly is time consuming and Regression equation, expensive, researchers in various regions have been attempting to update empirical Dinajpur district. relationships between shear wave velocity (Vs) and other soil geotechnical properties such as SPT blow count, depth, vertical effective stress and so on. Geophysical tests associated with direct methods are not feasible in developing countries like Bangladesh, so the indirect method is more important. Due to the location of a fault line nearby, the Dinajpur district has previously undergone anomalous earthquakes. As a result, site characterization is important for enhancing seismic design considerations. Focused on an indirect approach, this paper mainly aims to propose a general correlation between shear wave velocity and standard penetration number in 13 upazilas of Dinajpur district for four soil categories (“all soils”, sand, clay, and silt). Finally, an approach was developed to find the overall correlations for the Dinajpur district by combining all of the data. The regression coefficient (R2) values were observed to vary in between 0.04416-0.6134 for “all soils”, 0.0593-0.668 for sand, 0.5911-0.7149 for clay and 0.5547-0.6794 for silt. The correlations obtained in this study can be used for seismic hazard analysis in both the study region and other areas with identical soil strata. In this current study, eight borehole profiles from each upazila have 1.Introduction been collected, representing a total of 104 borehole profiles. A set of correlation equations have been developed for 13 upazilas of the Dinajpur district as well as the Dinajpur district of Bangladesh between the shear wave velocity (Vs) and SPT-N values of various Shear wave velocity (Vs) is the key parameter for determining the interaction of soil dynamic properties. It also aids in the identification categories of soils. of a site and the investigation of subsurface conditions. Direct field measurement of such a parameter is extremely complex, costly and 2. Study area and methodology time-consuming. Shear wave velocity (Vs) is estimated directly in field study and laboratory investigation by using empirical correlations. Of The Dinajpur district is situated in Bangladesh's northwestern all the approaches, indirectly determining shear wave velocity province (between 25°10'and 26°04' north latitudes and 88°23'and through empirical correlations between and SPT-N value is the 89°18' east longitudes). The district is one of the largest in the sixteen most efficient [1]. s northern districts of Bangladesh. The topography of the area is typically level, with a gentle southerly slope toward which the major The correlation of shear wave velocity(Vs) and SPT-N value began in rivers, such as the Dhepa, Punarbhava, and Atrai, flow. Since Dinajpur the early 1970s, based on a variety of data sets obtained throughout is in the Terai basin, the soil is sandy in nature, with a much higher Japan. Empirical relations were established using about 300 data ratio of sand and silt than clay.Since there are many fault lines nearby obtained from characterization of alluvial deposits in Japan, taking (Bogra fault, Tripura fault, Sub Dauki fault, Shillong fault and Assam into account all four indices: SPT-N, depth from the ground surface, fault), this area is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes. geological age, and soil content [1]. The best relationships were achieved using uncorrected SPT-N values [2]. Majority of the relations A map of the Dinajpur district is shown in Fig. 1. It is divided into 13 have used uncorrected SPT-N values for regression correlation study upazilas and is a part of the Rangpur Division. Kaharole, Khansama, [3]. Ghoraghat, Chirirbandar, DinajpurSadar, Nawabganj, Parbatipur, Fulbari, Biral, Birampur, Birganj, Bochaganj and Hakimpur are among Empirical regression equations have been used all around the world. these places. Birganj is the largest of Dinajpur's 13 upazilas. Before applying to the design purposes, this proposed equation needs to be validated first because they are especially site dependent. Geotechnical investigation reports were collected from various Convenience, performance, and cost savings are three major benefits government bodies, including the Local Government Engineering of analytical regression equations [4]. Department (LGED), the Public Works Department (PWD), and the Education Engineering Department (EED) in Dinajpur, Bangladesh, as Several Bangladeshi researchers have suggested various sets of well as private organizations, for this research. The aim of this study regression correlations between SPT-N values and V for different s is to establish statistical relationships between shear wave velocity seismically active regions. They also attempted to correlate Vs with and standard penetration number for distinct upazilas of Dinajpur different soil indices such as depth, soil type, and SPT-N value, among district. To meet the target, eight borehole profiles were collected from others [5,6]. each upazila, for a total of 104 borehole profiles. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Received 17 Apr 2021 Revised 27 Apr 2021 Accepted 27 Apr 2021 https://doi.org/10.36937/janset.2021.003.005 (M.B. Hossain Orcid:0000-0002-3319-250X) Journal of Nature, Science & Technology 3 (2021) 25-29 2757-7783© 2019 ACA Publishing. Allrightsreserved. 25 Hossain et al. Journal of Nature, Science&Technology 3 (2021) 25-61 Table 1.Existing empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (Vs)and standard penetration number (SPT-N) Shear Wave Velocity, V (m/s) Author (s) s All soils Sand Clay Silt 0.6 Kanai (1996) [7] Vs=19N 0.33 Imai and Yoshimura (1970) [8] Vs=76N .31 Ohba and Toriumi (1970) [9] Vs=84N .337 Fujiwara (1972) [10] Vs=92.1N .39 0.47 Ohsaki and Iwasaki (1973) [11] Vs=81.4N Vs=59.4N .341 Imai et al. (1975) [12] Vs=89.9N .337 .331 .292 Imai (1977) [13] Vs=91N Vs=80.6N Vs=102N .348 .34 Ohta and Goto(1978) [1] Vs=85.35N Vs=88N .5 Seed and Idriss (1981) [14] Vs=61.4N .314 .314 Imai and Tonouchi (1982) [15] Vs=97N Vs=97N .202 .202 Jinan (1987) [16] Vs=116.1(N+.3185) Vs=116.1(N+.3185) .27 Yokota et al. (1981) [17] Vs=121N .24 .5 .45 Kalteziotiset al (1992) [18] Vs=76.2N Vs=49.1N Vs=76.6N .36 .445 Athanasopoulos (1995) [19] Vs=107.6N Vs=76.55N .51 Sisman (1995) [20] Vs=32.8N .516 Iyisan (1996) [21] Vs=51.5N .85 Jafari et al. (1997) [30] Vs=22N .292 Kiku et al. (2001) [22] Vs=68.3N .309 .319 .269 Hasancebi and Ulusay (2007) [2] Vs=90N Vs=90.82N Vs=97.89N .43 .434 Hanumantharao and Ramana (2008) [4] Vs=82.6N Vs=79N .39 .33 .48 .36 Dikmen (2009) [23] Vs=58N Vs=73N Vs=44N Vs=60N 0.27 Fumal and Tinsley (1985) [24] Vs=(5.3N+134) Vs=(5.1N +152) .3013 .265 .358 Uma Maheswariet al. (2010) [25] Vs=95.641N Vs=100.53N Vs=89.31N .51 .56 .39 Anbazhagan et al. (2012) [26] Vs=68.96N Vs=60.17N Vs=106.63N .4 Sitharam and Anbazhagan(2013)[27] Vs=78(N60) .329 Imai and Yoshimura (1976) [28] Vs=92N .229 Lee and Tsai (2008) [29] Vs=137.153N .327 .364 Tsaimbaos and Sabatakakis (2011) [3] Vs=105.7N Vs=99.45N .270 Jafariet al. (1997) [30] Vs=121N .5 Shibata[31] Vs=32N .36 Ohta et al. (1978) [1] Vs=87N .33 .33 JRA (1980) [32] Vs=80N Vs=100N .5 Seed et al. (1981) [14] Vs=56.4N .29 Sykora and Stokoe (1983) [33] Vs=100.5N .3 Okamoto et al. (1989) [34] Vs=125N .49 .31 .32 Lee (1990) [35] Vs=57.4N Vs=144.43N Vs=105.6N .24 .17 Raptakis et al. (1995) [36] Vs=100N Vs=184.2N .76 Chien et al. (2000) [37] Vs=22N .365 .37 Tsaimbaos and Sabatakakis (2011) [3] Vs=79.7N Vs=88.8N .305 .192 Lee and Tsai (2008)[29] Vs=98.07N Vs=163.15N .178 .271 Pitilakis et al. (1999) [38] Vs=145N Vs=132(N60) .17 Pitilakiset al. (1992) [39] Vs=162N Kayabali (1996) [40] Vs=175+3.5N .85 .73 .77 Jafari et al. (2002)[41] Vs=19N Vs=27N Vs=22N .47 Ohsaki and Iwasaki (1973)[11] Vs=59.4N .331 .292 Imai (1977) [42] Vs=80.6N Vs=102N .34 33 Ohta and Goto (1978)[1] Vs=88N Vs=100N .5 .45 Kalteziotis et al. (1992) [18] Vs=49.1N Vs=76.6N .455 Chatterjee and Choudhury (2013) [43] Vs=58N Lee (1988) [44] Vs=135.67+9.11N .38 Lee (1988) [44] Vs=100N When it comes to determine shear wave velocity and related From a large number of correlations between shear wave velocity and geotechnical parameters, the following power equation model is SPT-N value, fifty-one correlations were chosen for this study. commonly used [4]. Researchers have provided correlations for four distinct categories: "all soils", sand, clay and silt as shown in Table 1. Uncorrected SPT-N B values were used to establish all of these correlations. Vs=AN ……………………………………………… (1) With the support of Microsoft Excel 2010, eight borehole profiles from In equation (1), ‘A’ is a constant controlling the amplitude, ‘N’ is the each region were used to create a graphical presentation of current uncorrected SPT value, ‘B’ is another constant depending on relationships.

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