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Imprinting and Kin Recognition Imprinting Imprinting and kin recognition Imprinting Konrad Lorenz Filial imprinting Critical period Experimental approaches Sensitive period Hours after hatching precocial altricial Filial imprinting Multiple cues strengthen imprinting response Filial imprinting Timing of critical period Locomotion-fear dichotomy Tolerance of novel objects Locomotor performance Hours after hatching Sexual imprinting Process of learning characteristics of future mates Preferred humans ring dove Reared by hand Reared with conspecifics Preferred doves Sexual imprinting Recognition of appropriate mates acquisition stage consolidation stage hatching sexual maturity time Sexual imprinting Sexual imprinting as way to strike balance between species recognition and inbreeding Male Japanese quail raised with females preferred… < < …slightly similar over identical over dissimilar females. Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force Mate assortatively when placed together Assortative mating due to sexual imprinting Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force Pairs of benthic (top) and limnetic (bottom) of sticklebacks Divergent selection Parental care exclusively by male Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force Heterospecific Conspecific father father Heterospecific No odor father Tested female mate preferences as adults Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force Prefer benthics conspecific limnetics male Prefer heterospecific male Sexual imprinting as evolutionary force benthics limnetics heterospecific conspecific biological Strength of imprinting correlated with father’s parental care Imprinting and conservation sandhill crane whooping crane Imprinting and conservation Captive breeding, reintroduction of whooping cranes Imprinting and conservation Used to teach migratory routes to juveniles Imprinting and conservation Used to teach migratory routes to juveniles Habitat imprinting Ecologically relevant stimuli anadromous salmon monarch butterfly Typically occurs in species with no overlap of generations Salmon life cycle sockeye salmon Habitat imprinting in salmon How do salmon find their way to natal stream? Is it important that they do? Habitat imprinting How do they find them? Cuckoos must find mates raised by same host species common cuckoo Cuckoos raised looking Time in 6 habitat types Measured time spent looking at habitats Familiar Natal Others Kin recognition Modes of kin recognition Vocal recognition in terns Olfactory recognition Visual recognition in ungulates in primates Kin recognition • Production component • Perception component • Action component Environmental labels Olfactory recognition in social insects hydrocarbon “signature” Environmental labels Can be age, sex, caste, or species specific Environmental labels Paper wasp Polistes fuscatus Environmental labels N U U N1 N N1 N U U N2 U N2 Control Treatment Nestmates more tolerant of each Nestmates and non-nestmates other than non-nestmates similarly tolerant Production component not affected Learned perception of nest odor is affected Environmental labels “Home field advantage” U N U N U N1 N1 N U N2 U N2 Environmental labels Cross-fostering studies: nonsibs raised together are less aggressive than sibs raised apart… Belding’s ground squirrel Genetic labels …but genetic relatedness does affect some interactions pairs reared apart Belding’s ground squirrel Paul Sherman Jill Mateo Role of major histocompatibility complex? Genetic labels Role of MHC in Arctic charr MHC class II B gene sequenced Individuals genotyped Preferences tested in fluviarium Role of MHC in Arctic charr A1=water A1=S++ or S-- A1=S++ or S-- A1=S++ A1=S-- A1=S-- A2=water A2=water A2=S++ or S-- A2=S-- A2=N-- A2=N+- Genetic labels Cross-fostering design Mother 1 Mother 2 Mother 3 Tested female responses to: Familiar nonkin vs. Unfamiliar kin vs. Unfamiliar nonkin vs. Genetic labels Cross-fostering design Mother 1 Mother 2 Mother 3 Scent marking by females Nonsibs raised together Sibs raised apart Nonsibs raised apart How do we interpret these data? Genetic labels Can we conclude that females cannot Nonsibs raised together Sibs raised apart discriminate female odors? Nonsibs raised apart Genetic labels Kin recognition in tadpole morphs of spadefoot toad Genetic labels Proportion of time with siblings Omnivores Carnivores 24-hrs food 48-hrs food Proportion of prey Proportion of prey that were siblings deprivation deprivation Carnivorous morphs minimize contact with siblings, but sometimes they can’t help themselves… Genetic labels Can nepotistic species discriminate among degrees of relatedness? Habituation: Control Referent Dishabituation: Control ? Belding’s ground squirrel Genetic labels Belding’s ground squirrel Time spent investigatingodor Time Ref trial 1 Ref trial 2 Ref trial 3 Mother Grandmother Half-aunt Non-kin What did authors conclude about S. lateralis and why is it important? .
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