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How Does Season Affect Passage Performance and Fatigue of Potamodromous Cyprinids? an Experimental Approach in a Vertical Slot Fishway
water Article How Does Season Affect Passage Performance and Fatigue of Potamodromous Cyprinids? An Experimental Approach in a Vertical Slot Fishway Filipe Romão 1,* ID , José M. Santos 2 ID , Christos Katopodis 3, António N. Pinheiro 1 and Paulo Branco 2 1 CEris-Civil Engineering for Research and Innovation for Sustainability, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] 2 CEF-Forest Research Centre, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal; [email protected] (J.M.S.); [email protected] (P.B.) 3 Katopodis Ecohydraulics Ltd., 122 Valence Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3T 3W7, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +351-91-861-2529 Received: 11 February 2018; Accepted: 27 March 2018; Published: 28 March 2018 Abstract: Most fishway studies are conducted during the reproductive period, yet uncertainty remains on whether results may be biased if the same studies were performed outside of the migration season. The present study assessed fish passage performance of a potamodromous cyprinid, the Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei), in an experimental full-scale vertical slot fishway during spring (reproductive season) and early-autumn (non-reproductive season). Results revealed that no significant differences were detected on passage performance metrics, except for entry efficiency. However, differences between seasons were noted in the plasma lactate concentration (higher in early-autumn), used as a proxy for muscular fatigue after the fishway navigation. This suggests that, for potamodromous cyprinids, the evaluation of passage performance in fishways does not need to be restricted to the reproductive season and can be extended to early-autumn, when movements associated with shifts in home range may occur. -
How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour∗ 8
SERIES ARTICLE How to Design Experiments in Animal Behaviour∗ 8. How Do Wasps Decide Who Would Be the Queen? Part 2 Raghavendra Gadagkar Continuing to explore the fascinating world of the Indian pa- per wasp Ropalidia marginata, in this article, we will ask how wasps choose their queens in another context. In the previ- ous article in this series, we saw how a simple experiment re- vealed that wasps fight, i.e., indulge in dominance-subordinate interactions, and the winner becomes the queen and the loser becomes the worker. This was in the context of new nestfoundation. But contextmatters. Whenthe same wasps once again have to decide who will be their next queen Raghavendra Gadagkar is if the first one dies or is experimentally removed, the same DST Year of Science Chair Professor at the Centre for rules do not hold. The wasps in a mature colony continue Ecological Sciences, Indian to show dominance-subordinate interactions and can even be Institute of Science, arranged in a dominance hierarchy, but the dominance ranks Bangalore, Honorary of the wasps do not predict who their next queen will be. Professor at JNCASR, and Non-Resident Permanent How they choose their next queen in this context continues Fellow of the to be an enduring mystery. In this article, I will describe four Wissenschaftskolleg (Institute simple experiments that have helped us come close to nail- for Advanced Study), Berlin. ing the culprit, although I must confess that we have not yet During the past 40 years he has established an active found the smoking gun—the chase is on, and we are hot on school of research in the area the trail—please join in! of animal behaviour, ecology and evolution. -
Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating Through Northeastern
diversity Article Origins of Six Species of Butterflies Migrating through Northeastern Mexico: New Insights from Stable Isotope (δ2H) Analyses and a Call for Documenting Butterfly Migrations Keith A. Hobson 1,2,*, Jackson W. Kusack 2 and Blanca X. Mora-Alvarez 2 1 Environment and Climate Change Canada, 11 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, SK S7N 0H3, Canada 2 Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, ON N6A 5B7, Canada; [email protected] (J.W.K.); [email protected] (B.X.M.-A.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Determining migratory connectivity within and among diverse taxa is crucial to their conservation. Insect migrations involve millions of individuals and are often spectacular. However, in general, virtually nothing is known about their structure. With anthropogenically induced global change, we risk losing most of these migrations before they are even described. We used stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) measurements of wings of seven species of butterflies (Libytheana carinenta, Danaus gilippus, Phoebis sennae, Asterocampa leilia, Euptoieta claudia, Euptoieta hegesia, and Zerene cesonia) salvaged as roadkill when migrating in fall through a narrow bottleneck in northeast Mexico. These data were used to depict the probabilistic origins in North America of six species, excluding the largely local E. hegesia. We determined evidence for long-distance migration in four species (L. carinenta, E. claudia, D. glippus, Z. cesonia) and present evidence for panmixia (Z. cesonia), chain (Libytheana Citation: Hobson, K.A.; Kusack, J.W.; Mora-Alvarez, B.X. Origins of Six carinenta), and leapfrog (Danaus gilippus) migrations in three species. Our investigation underlines Species of Butterflies Migrating the utility of the stable isotope approach to quickly establish migratory origins and connectivity in through Northeastern Mexico: New butterflies and other insect taxa, especially if they can be sampled at migratory bottlenecks. -
Comparative Methods Offer Powerful Insights Into Social Evolution in Bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton
Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton To cite this version: Sarah Kocher, Robert Paxton. Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees. Apidologie, Springer Verlag, 2014, 45 (3), pp.289-305. 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3. hal- 01234748 HAL Id: hal-01234748 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234748 Submitted on 27 Nov 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Apidologie (2014) 45:289–305 Review article * INRA, DIB and Springer-Verlag France, 2014 DOI: 10.1007/s13592-014-0268-3 Comparative methods offer powerful insights into social evolution in bees 1 2 Sarah D. KOCHER , Robert J. PAXTON 1Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA 2Institute for Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany Received 9 September 2013 – Revised 8 December 2013 – Accepted 2 January 2014 Abstract – Bees are excellent models for studying the evolution of sociality. While most species are solitary, many form social groups. The most complex form of social behavior, eusociality, has arisen independently four times within the bees. -
Marine Ecology Progress Series 548:181
Vol. 548: 181–196, 2016 MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published April 21 doi: 10.3354/meps11623 Mar Ecol Prog Ser OPEN ACCESS Isotopes and genes reveal freshwater origins of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha aggregations in California’s coastal ocean Rachel C. Johnson1,2,*, John Carlos Garza1,3, R. Bruce MacFarlane1,4, Churchill B. Grimes1,4, Corey C. Phillis5,8, Paul L. Koch6, Peter K. Weber7, Mark H. Carr2 1Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 2Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 3Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 4Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 5Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 6Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA 7Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA 8Present address: Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 1121 L St. Suite 900, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA ABSTRACT: The ability of salmon to navigate from the ocean back to their river of origin to spawn acts to reinforce local adaptation and maintenance of unique and heritable traits among salmon populations. Here, the extent to which Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the same freshwater breeding groups associate together in the ocean at regional and smaller-scale aggre- gations prior to homeward migration is evaluated. -
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior
Chapter 51 Animal Behavior Lecture Outline Overview: Shall We Dance? • Red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) gather in groups to dance, prance, stretch, bow, and leap. They grab bits of plants, sticks, and feathers with their bills and toss them into the air. • How does a crane decide that it is time to dance? In fact, why does it dance at all? • Animal behavior is based on physiological systems and processes. • An individual behavior is an action carried out by the muscular or hormonal system under the control of the nervous system in response to a stimulus. • Behavior contributes to homeostasis; an animal must acquire nutrients for digestion and find a partner for sexual reproduction. • All of animal physiology contributes to behavior, while animal behavior influences all of physiology. • Being essential for survival and reproduction, animal behavior is subject to substantial selective pressure during evolution. • Behavioral selection also acts on anatomy because body form and appearance contribute directly to the recognition and communication that underlie many behaviors. Concept 51.1: A discrete sensory input is the stimulus for a wide range of animal behaviors. • An animal’s behavior is the sum of its responses to external and internal stimuli. Classical ethology presaged an evolutionary approach to behavioral biology. • In the mid-20th century, pioneering behavioral biologists developed the discipline of ethology, the scientific study of how animals behave in their natural environments. • Niko Tinbergen, of the Netherlands, suggested four questions that must be answered to fully understand any behavior. 1. What stimulus elicits the behavior, and what physiological mechanisms mediate the response? 2. -
Eusociality: Origin and Consequences
Corrections CELL BIOLOGY. For the article ‘‘The NF1 tumor suppressor criti- BIOCHEMISTRY. For the article ‘‘Engineered single-chain dimeric cally regulates TSC2 and mTOR,’’ by Cory M. Johannessen, streptavidins with an unexpected strong preference for biotin- Elizabeth E. Reczek, Marianne F. James, Hilde Brems, Eric 4-fluorescein,’’ by Filiz M. Aslan, Yong Yu, Scott C. Mohr, and Legius, and Karen Cichowski, which appeared in issue 24, June Charles R. Cantor, which appeared in issue 24, June 14, 2005, of 14, 2005, of Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (102, 8573–8578; first Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (102, 8507–8512; first published June published June 3, 2005; 10.1073͞pnas.0503224102), the authors 6, 2005; 10.1073͞pnas.0503112102), the footnotes appeared in note the following. On page 8574, the last sentence of the first the wrong order, due to a printer’s error. The ** footnote on paragraph in the left column, ‘‘Clarified lysates were normalized page 8507 should have read: ‘‘Throughout this paper, we use the for protein levels and analyzed by Western blotting with the terms monomer(ic), dimer(ic), and tetramer(ic) to refer to the following antibodies: phospho-p70S6K (T-389), phospho- number of biotin-binding domains present in a molecule, re- tuberin (S-939), phospho-tuberin (T-1462), phospho-Akt (S- gardless of the number of polypeptide chains it has.’’ In addition, 473), tuberin (C-20) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, and the †† footnote on page 8512 should have read: ‘‘We note, protein kinase B␣͞AKT1, actin, and -tubulin from Sigma- however, -
Finding a Mate with Eusocial Skills
Finding a Mate With Eusocial Skills Chris Marriott1 and Jobran Chebib2 1University of Washington, Tacoma, WA, USA 98402 2University of Zurich,¨ Zurich,¨ Switzerland 8057 [email protected] Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/isal/proceedings-pdf/alif2016/28/298/1904330/978-0-262-33936-0-ch052.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 Abstract mutual response of the individuals in the herd with no need for social awareness or exchange of information. Sexual reproductive behavior has a necessary social coordina- Prior work (from now on when we reference the prior tion component as willing and capable partners must both be work we mean the work in Marriott and Chebib (2015a,b)) in the right place at the right time. It has recently been demon- strated that many social organizations that support sexual re- showed that herding, philopatry, and assortative mating production can evolve in the absence of social coordination arose through non-social mechanisms of convergence and between agents (e.g. herding, assortative mating, and natal common descent. This work raised a few questions regard- philopatry). In this paper we explore these results by includ- ing the role that social interaction plays in many of these ob- ing social transfer mechanisms to our agents and contrasting served behaviors. These mating behaviors can be explained their reproductive behavior with a control group without so- cial transfer mechanisms. We conclude that similar behaviors by both non-social and social mechanisms. In many cases emerge in our social learning agents as those that emerged in the non-social solution is the simpler one, though it is likely the non-social learning agents. -