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Cewg1299.Pdf VOLUME I: HIGHLIGHTS AND EXECUTIVE SUMMARY DECEMBER 1999 COMMUNITY EPIDEMIOLOGY WORK GROUP National Institute on Drug Abuse NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH Division of Epidemiology, Services and Prevention Research National Institute on Drug Abuse 6001 Executive Boulevard Bethesda, Maryland 20892 The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Inc., under subcontract to CDM Group, Inc., acknowledges the contributions made by the contract number N01DA-65054, for the members of the Community Epidemiology National Institute on Drug Abuse. Work Group (CEWG) who voluntarily have invested their time and resources in preparing All material in this volume is in the public the reports presented at the meetings. domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission from the Institute or the The data in Volume I (this volume) of this authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. publication were extracted from 20 city The U.S. Government does not endorse or drug abuse indicator trend presentations. The favor any specific commercial product. full edited text from those reports appears in Volume II. Volume II also contains the full Trade or proprietary names appearing in this edited text of reports on specialized topics. publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the This publication was developed by Marcia studies reported herein. Meth and staff of Johnson, Bassin & Shaw, Volume II of this issue is available in limited supply. It can be ordered in several ways: Visit the CEWG home page through the NIDA website at http://www.nida.nih.gov (The CEWG home page also contains previous issues of both Volumes I and II.) Contact the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI) Mail: P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20852-2345 Phone: (307) 468-2600 (800) 729-6686 Fax: (307) 468-6433, On-line: http://www.health.org If you make your request by mail, please make sure to send it by air mail if you reside outside of the Washington, DC, metropolitan area to expedite delivery of the publication. National Institute on Drug Abuse NIH Publication No. 00-4739 Printed April 2000 ii CEWG December 1999 The Community Epidemiology Work Group of the Los Angeles County Sheriffs Office (CEWG) is a network of researchers from who also is President of Badge 2 Badge, a major metropolitan areas of the United program to assist Officers with substance States and from selected foreign countries. abuse problems. In addition, Dr. Gregory The primary mission ofthe CEWG is to Austin of WestEd presented findings from provide ongoing community-level sur- recent Los Angeles and California statewide veillance of drug abuse through collection student surveys. and analysis of quantitative and qualitative research data. During biannual meetings, These differing presentations underscore the CEWG participants present and discuss the wide impact of drug abuse on society. They most current epidemiologic information also serve to point out the international concerning the nature and patterns of drug scope of drug abuse and the regional abuse, emerging trends, characteristics of relationships of substance abuse problems. vulnerable populations, and social and health Many of the problems facing countries of consequences of drug abuse in the United North America have emerged as serious States. problems in Asia and the Pacific. Abuse of marijuana and inhalants, especially by youth, The 47th meeting of the CEWG was held in appears to be a worldwide problem. Los Angeles, California, on December Indicators of heroin abuse appear to be 14–17, 1999, and provided an assessment of increasing in various parts of the world, drug abuse in 20 metropolitan areas of the including the United States. And the United States. Presentations also were made problem of methamphetamine, which had on current and emerging patterns and trends been increasing in the United States during of drug abuse in Mexico and in Asia and the recent years, is also becoming more Pacific, specifically in China, Japan, and in prevalent in countries of Asia and in the American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Island Nations of the Pacific. Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, Palau, and The data presented at this meeting Papua New Guinea. In addition, special demonstrate, once again, the value of an presentations were made on the use of effective and efficient national system for epidemiologic data to improve drug abuse drug abuse surveillance. They highlight the treatment and on current trends in HIV/ need to link epidemiologic information to AIDS and other infectious diseases among preventive intervention, treatment, and other injecting drug users. public health actions and research decisions. The venue also provided the opportunity to be informed about the Employee Assistance Programs within law enforcement agencies in Nicholas J. Kozel Los Angeles through presentations by Division of Epidemiology, Services and Officer Bud Nowell of the Los Angeles Prevention Research Police Academy and Sergeant Ray Terhorst National Institute on Drug Abuse ... CEWG December 1999 iii ... FOREWORD ................................ 111 LIST OF REPORTS IN VOLUME II .............. vi INTRODUCTION ............................... 1 HIGHLIGHTS Drug Highlights ................................. 3 Regional Highlights .............................. 8 CityHighlights ................................. 12 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Cocaine and Crack .............................. 15 Heroin ........................................ 32 Opiates Other Than Heroin ........................ 5 1 Marijuana ..................................... 54 Stimulants ..................................... 67 Depressants ................. ................ 83 Hallucinogens ............... ................90 Other Drugs ................................... 94 Infectious Diseases Related to Drug Abuse ............95 CEWG December 1999 V LIST OF REPORTS IN VOLUME II Atlanta: Metropolitan Atlanta Drug Abuse Minneapolis/St. Paul: Drug Abuse Trends in Trends the Minneapolis/St. Paul Metropolitan Area Claire E. Sterk and Danielle German Carol L. Falkowski Baltimore: Drug Use in the Baltimore Newark: Drug Abuse Differentials in Newark Metropolitan Area: Epidemiology and Trends Abate Mammo Leigh A. Henderson and Alisa Male New Orleans: Drug Abuse Indicators in New Boston: Drug Use Trends in Greater Boston Orleans and Massachusetts Gail Thornton-Collins Thomas W. Clark, Elsa A. Elliott, and Stephen Soldz New York City: Current Drug Use Trends in New York City Chicago: Patterns and Trends of Drug Abuse Blanche Frank and John Galea in Chicago Wayne Wiebel, Kamran Niaz, and Philadelphia: Drug Use in Philadelphia, Afsaneh Rahimian Pennsylvania Samuel J. Cutler and Mark R. Denver: Drug Use Trends in Denver and Bencivengo Colorado Bruce Mendelson and Lee Hoffer Phoenix: Drug Abuse Trends in Phoenix and Arizona Honolulu: Illicit Drug Use in Honolulu and Ilene L. Dode the State of Hawaii D. William Wood St. Louis: Drug Trends in St. Louis Heidi Israel and James Topolski Los Angeles: Update on Illicit Drug Use in Los Angeles County San Diego: Indicators of Drug Abuse in San T. Kiku Annon and M.Douglas Anglin Diego County Michael Ann Haight Miami: Drug Use in Miami-Dade County, Florida San Francisco: Patterns and Trends of Drug James N. Hall, Joe Spillane, and Abuse in the San Francisco Bay Area Madeline Camejo John A. Newmeyer Contents Seattle: Recent Drug Abuse Trends in the Texas: Substance Abuse Trends in Texas Seattle-King County Area Jane C. Maxwell T. Ron Jackson, Norma D. Jaegar, Arnold F. Wrede, L. David Murphy, Washington, DC: Patterns and Trends of Michael Hanrahan, Holly Thiede, Holly Drug Abuse in Washington, DC Hagan, Richard Harruff, Kris Nyrop, Felicia Gray Cerbone, Alfred Pach, and Steve Freng, and Michael Gorman Marianna T. Toce China: Drug Abuse in the Past Decade, PACIFIC ISLANDS Recent Situation and Trends in China Liu Zhimin, Cai Zhiji, and Cao Jiaqui American Samoa: Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Treatment in American Samoa Europe: Improving Psychiatric Treatment Norma Lagafuaina-Smith in Residential Programs for Emerging Dependency Groups: Approach and Federated States of Micronesia: Alcohol Epidemiological Findings and Drug Use in The Federated States of Charles Kaplan, Eric Broekaert, Ove Micronesia Frank. and Sebastien Reichmann Francis X. Hezel Japan: Drug Abuse in Japan: A Brief Guam: An Overview of Current Drug History and The Current Situation Problems in Guam and the Commonwealth Kiyoshi Wada of the Northern Mariana Islands Amelia M.Arria and Mamie C. Mexico: Update of the Epidemiological Balajadia Surveillance System of Addictions (SISVEA) in Mexico Papua New Guinea: Drug Abuse in Papua Roberto Tapia-Conyer, Patricia New Guinea (PNG) Cravioto, Pablo Kuri, Arturo Michael Anis Winmarang Revuelta, and Mario Cortes Republic of Palau: A Summary of the Substance Abuse Needs Assessment In the Republic of Palau A. Futterman-Collier and A. Lyman CEWG December 1999 vii EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRENDS IN DRUG ABUSE INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME I The 47th meeting ofthe Community Epidemiology Work Group (CEWG) was heldDecember 14–17, 1999, in Los Angeles, California. During this meeting, 20 CEWG representatives reported on current drug trends and patterns in U.S. cities. The following highlights and executive summary are based on these reports. To assess drug abuse patterns and trends, city- Primary substance of abuse of clients at and State-specific data are gathered and admission to treatment programs, as compiled from a variety
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