Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio (OSAM)
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Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio June 2011-January 2012 John R. Kasich, Governor Orman Hall, Director LUCAS LAKE ASHTABULA WILLIAMS FULTON OTTAWA GEAUGA WOOD CUYAHOGA DEFIANCE HENRY SANDUSKY ERIE TRUMBULLTRU LORAIN HURON PAULDING SENECA MEDINA SUMMIT PORTAGE PUTNAM HANCOCK AHONINGAH VAN WERT YYANDOTANDOT ASHLAASHLA WAYNE LUMBIANALU CRAWFORD STARK RICHLAND ALLEN CARROLL HARDIN MERCER MARION OLMES MORROW AUGLAIZE TUSCARAWAS ON FFERS KNOX LOGAN SHELBY UNION DELAWARE COSHOCTON HARRISON CHAMPAIGN DARKE LICKING MIAMI FRANKLIN GUERNSEY BELMONT CLARK USKINGUM DISON MA PREBLE MONTGOMERY FAIRFIELD NOBLE GREENE MONROE PICKAWAY MORGAN FAYETTE WASHINGTON BUTLER WARREN CLINTON ATHENS ROSS VINTON HAMILTON HIGHLAND MEIGS PIKE CLERMONT JACKSON BROWN GALLIA ADAMS SCIOTO LAWRENCE Legend Akron-Canton region Columbus region Department of Alcohol & Athens region Dayton region Drug Addiction Services Cincinnati region Toledo region Cleveland region Youngstown region • Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services • Division of Planning, Outcomes & Research • • 30 W. Spring St., 6th Floor, Columbus, Ohio 43215 • 1-800-788-7254 • www.odadas.ohio.gov • Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio Table of Contents OSAM-O-Gram ..............................................................................................................................................................................1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Drug Abuse Trends in the Akron-Canton Region ........................................................................................................... 9 Drug Abuse Trends in the Athens Region ........................................................................................................................28 Drug Abuse Trends in the Cincinnati Region ................................................................................................................. 48 Drug Abuse Trends in the Cleveland Region ................................................................................................................. 62 Drug Abuse Trends in the Columbus Region .................................................................................................................83 Drug Abuse Trends in the Dayton Region .......................................................................................................................97 Drug Abuse Trends in the Toledo Region ......................................................................................................................116 Drug Abuse Trends in the Youngstown Region ...........................................................................................................132 Prepared by: Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services Division of Planning, Outcomes & Research Sanford Starr, Chief — MSW, LISW-S R. Thomas Sherba, OSAM Principal Investigator — PhD, MPH, LPCC Rick Massatti, Research Administrator, OSAM Coordinator — MSW Recommended citation of this report: Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services [ODADAS] (2012). Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network: Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio: June 2011-January 2012. Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network OSAM-O-GramOSAM-O-Gram Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring Network Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio June 2011-January 2012 John R. Kasich, Governor Orman Hall, Director Toledo Region Cleveland Region • Increased availability of heroin and Suboxone® likely • Increased availability of heroin, marijuana, methadone, methamphetamine • Most heroin users report first heroin use occurring between 18-19 years and sedave-hypnocs of age, with first use of prescripon opioids occurring earlier • Heroin availability perceived to be at “epidemic” levels • Dealers aggressively push heroin, frequently markeng it as fentanyl to • Increased availability of high-grade marijuana connues; marijuana is the lure more buyers most easily obtained illegal drug in the region • Connued availability of bath salts and synthec marijuana ancipated • Increased availability of methadone aributed to increased prescribing of despite recent bans the drug for pain management • Crime lab reports dozens of non-controlled chemical analogues similar to • DMT (dimethyltryptamine), a psychedelic compound popular among users bath salts 16-25 years of age is thought to be an emerging drug trend Dayton Region • Increased availability of heroin and Akron-Canton Region marijuana • Increased availability of heroin, • Decreased availability of bath salts powdered cocaine, sedave-hypnocs and prescripon opioids (generally) and Suboxone® • Universal agreement that heroin is • Decreased availability of available; it is “falling out of the sky” prescripon opioids (generally) • Methadone abuse increasingly • Opana® connues to gain in popular; Coroner’s staff reported popularity as a replacement for methadone as the second-leading OxyConn® drug in overdose deaths • Bath salts highly available; connued • While bath salts have decreased in high availability despite recent ban availability since their ban, they • Synthec benzodiazepines (Zan-X®) remain easily obtainable available in head shops CincinnaƟ Region Youngstown Region • Increased availability of heroin • Increased availability of heroin and • Decreased availability of marijuana methamphetamine likely • Increased availability of some • Law enforcement aribute prescripon opioids, mainly Opana® and methamphetamine decline to Roxicodone® increased scruny by pharmacies • Decreased availability of Ecstasy using MethCheck® • Law enforcement indenfied heroin as • Opana® and Roxicodone® gain in the region’s primary drug problem popularity as replacements for OxyConn® • While methamphetamine remains relavely rare in some parts of the • Heroin becoming prevalent for region, reportedly, the drug is highly users in non-urban areas available in Ashtabula County Columbus Region Athens Region • Decreased availability of methamphetamine and prescripon opioids (generally) • Increased availability of heroin and Suboxone® • Decline in availability of prescripon opioids aributed to closing of physicians’ • Decreased availability of bath salts offices known to liberally prescribe, and increased regulaon on pharmacies • Opana® connues to gain in popularity as a replacement for OxyConn® • Crime labs report heroin to be “typically preƩy pure,” and one noted, “Columbus has an abundant supply of black tar heroin” • Increased scruny in emergency rooms means that users are looking elsewhere to obtain prescripon opioids • Age of heroin iniaon appears to be decreasing; reportedly, first-me users are as young as 15 years and typically White • Crime lab reports dozens of non-controlled chemical analogues similar to bath salts • Bath salts remain of serious concern due to negave health consequences; users reported panic aacks and suicidal thoughts • Ohio Department of Alcohol and Drug Addiction Services • Division of Planning, Outcomes & Research • • 30 W. Spring St., 6th Floor, Columbus, Ohio 43215 • 1-800-788-7254 • www.odadas.ohio.gov • Surveillance of Drug Abuse Trends in the State of Ohio Executive Summary drug of choice, but rather a drug often used to enhance the effects of other drugs. The most common participant The Ohio Substance Abuse Monitoring (OSAM) Network quality score of powdered cocaine throughout regions consists of eight regional epidemiologists (REPIs) located varied from ‘4’ to ’10,’ with the most common score being ‘5’ in Akron-Canton, Athens, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, on a scale of ‘0’ (poor quality, “garbage”) to ‘10’ (high quality). Dayton, Toledo and Youngstown. The OSAM Network Participants throughout regions reported that the quality conducts focus groups and individual qualitative interviews of powdered cocaine has either remained the same or has with treatment providers, active and recovering drug users, decreased during the past six months, and participants and law enforcement officials, among others, to produce were unanimous in reporting that the quality of powdered epidemiological descriptions of local substance abuse cocaine continues to depend on the drug’s source. trends. Qualitative findings are supplemented with available Reportedly, some dealers adulterate powdered cocaine with statistical data such as coroner’s reports and crime laboratory various substances to increase profitability. Regional crime data. Mass media sources such as local newspapers are also labs most often continued to report levamisole (livestock monitored for information related to substance abuse trends. dewormer) as the most frequently identified cutting agent Once integrated, these valuable sources provide ODADAS for powdered cocaine. In addition, participants in Akron- with a real-time method of providing accurate epidemiologic Canton, Athens and Cleveland reported that bath salts descriptions that policy makers need to plan appropriate (synthetic compounds containing methylone, mephedrone prevention and intervention strategies. or MDPV) are also used as a cutting agent. Current street This Executive Summary presents findings from the OSAM jargon includes many names for powdered cocaine, with core scientific meeting held in Columbus, Ohio, on Jan. 31, the most common names being “blow,” “coke,” “girl,” “powder,” 2012.