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1 Original Article Biology and Predatory Behavior Of J. Trop. Plant Prot. 1 (1): 1-9 (2012) Original Article Biology and Predatory Behavior of Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) ∗ Sri KARINDA 1∗∗, Bagyo YANUWIADI2 and Lilie( SULISTYOWATI1 1Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Agricultural Faculty, University of Brawijaya 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mat ematical and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya (Received 15 January 2012( Accepted 1 April 2012) Abstract Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) is one of t e generalist predator in rice field abitat. , e biology and predatory be avior were studied in t e laboratory. , e life cycle of M. vittaticollis (Stal) averaged 40.61 days at 260122oC. , e eggs were inserted singly wit in t e leaf s eat of rice or weeds and atc ed in 14.22 days. , e nymp al period was varied between 27 and 45 days and passed four nymp al stadia. Female fecundity was averaged 50 eggs during er lifetime. , e longevity of t e female or male adult was ranged from 20 to 32 days. , e average longevity of females and males were 29.24 and 25.00 days, respectively. , e longevity of unmated female or male were longer t an t e mated female or male. , e egg and first instar nymp sustained t e ig mortality of 307 and 257, respectively, w ilst t ere was less mortality in t e t ird and fourt instar nymp . , e adult females of M. vittaticollis survived for 32 days and t e rate of survival was ig in t e young adults but decreased as t e cric8et aged. , e females were more preferred to Brown Plant 9opper (B9P) nymp t an t e males. , e early nymp stage of prey was t e most stage to be fed by M. vittaticollis. 9owever, t e predation declined w en t ey were given prey of late instar of BP9 nymp s. Fewer adult stage of BP9 was consumed by bot male and female cric8ets. Key ,ords: biology( generalist predator( prey consumption( Metioche vittaticollis ∗∗∗ ,o w om correspondence s ould be addressed at: E1mail: s8arinda @ya oo.com INTRODUCTION 1999) as well as becoming predator for nymp of plant opper and green leaf Silent Leaf Runner Metioche opper (Rubia and S epard, 1927( S epard, vittaticollis is one of t e generalist Barrion and Litsinger, 1994). Methioche predators in rice field abitat and non vittaticollis is also found in Malaysia (van irrigated dry field. , is cric8et is a member Breden and A madCabidi, 1926)( India, of subfamily ,rigonidiinae, family , ailand, P ilippines and Nort ern Gryllidae and of ordo Ort optera (CSIRO, Australia (C opard in Rubia et al., 1927). 1970), and it is often mentioned as Effective manipulation of natural predators of t e early developmental stages enemies reDuires a t oroug 8nowledge of of rice pests. Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) t eir biology and ost associations, w ereas and Anaxipha sp. were recorded as t at bac8ground information could be predators of eggs of defoliating caterpillars gained t roug laboratory studies. , e Mythimna separata and stem1borers Chilo biology of M. vittaticollis, especially its suppresalis (Rubia and S epard, 1927( ability as a predator against brown plant Islam, 2002) and eggs of leaf1folders opper, as not been eEplored in Indonesia. Cnaphalocrosis medinalis (de Ara8er, , erefore t e present study was to © Jurnal Universitas Brawijaya 1 J. Trop. Plant Prot. 1 (1): 1-9 (2012) determine t e biology and predatory individual. , e reproduction and longevity be avior of M. vittaticollis under laboratory of t e female and male were recorded after conditions. being paired. 2. Predatory Behavior. , ree .ATERIALS AND .ET ODS eEperiments of predatory be avior were carried out in a consecutive period in t e Laboratory eEperiments were laboratory as followed: conducted at t e Laboratory of Entomology 1. , e consumption rates were Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, determined separately for eac stage of t e Brawijaya University, from January to cric8et( first to fourt instar nymp and December 2005. adult stage. ,wenty of first instar of Field1collected adult of M. predators was introduced to a tubular milar vittaticollis were confined on IR 64 rice cage (∅ 6 cm and 22 cm eig t) plants in a rectangular cage (35E35E40 cm). individually, and provided wit 25 of BP9 Brown Plant opper (BP9) and eggs of nymp s on IR64 rice seedlings. , e instar Corcyra cephalonica were provided as of BP9 nymp s w ic were given foods. , e emerged adults from t e second according to t e instar of t e cric8et, first generation were paired, and t e females nymp of BP9 were given to first and were allowed to oviposit in Eleusine indica second instar nymp of t e cric8et. G ile and one mont rice plants, w ic were t e M. vittaticollis nymp s reac ed t ird c anged daily. Rice and E. indica were cut instar, t ey fed second or t ird instar of to collect t e cric8etFs eggs. BP9 nymp s until t e adult stage. , e 1. Life istory Study. , e cut stal8s prey consumed wit in 24 ours was w ic contained eggs were 8ept in Petri recorded. , e numbers of preys were dis es (∅ 14 cm) lined wit moist tissue replaced to t e original density after 24 paper. Newly1 atc ed nymp s were caged ours. in tubular millar cages (∅ 10 cm and 22 cm 2. Male or female of s ort winged eig t) and provided wit first nymp of cric8et was introduced to a tubular milar Brown Plant opper (BP9) on IR 64 rice cage (∅ 10 cm and 22 cm eig t) wit seedling. , ere were five Nymp s of IR64 rice seedlings, and provided 25 of cric8et in eac caged. From t e previous second andt ird instar, 25 of fourt and observation, t e newly first nymp did not fift instar nymp s or 25 of adult BP9. , e consume t e offered prey w en t ey reared prey consumed wit in 24 ours was individually, t at caused great mortality of recorded. , e numbers of preys were t e first instar. After t ree days t ey were replaced to t e original density after 24 moved to individual rearing cages (∅ 6 cm ours. , e consumption rate treatment for and 22 cm eig t) wit IR 64 rice seedling. eac stage of prey was replicated 5 times G en t e nymp s reac ed second instar, and recorded daily wit in 5 days. ,est for t ey were fed wit second or t ird instar of significance of t e treatments was carried BP9 nymp s until t e adult stage. out using ,wo1ways ANOBA and means Observations were conducted on t e were compared by Least Significant incubation period, duration of stages, seE Difference test. ratio, fecundity and longevity of t e adults 3. Male or female of s ort winged (mated and unmated male and female). cric8et was introduced to a tubular milar Huantities measurements were c osen to cage (∅ 10 cm and 22 cm eig t) wit measure t e representatives of immature IR64 rice seedlings, and provided 10, 15 or and adults. , e developmental stages were 20 of fourt or fift instar of BP9 nymp s. described and t en t e survival was also , e prey consumed was recorded twice for recorded daily until t e deat of eac a day1period, i.e. at 6 am and 6 pm. , e © Jurnal Universitas Brawijaya 2 J. Trop. Plant Prot. 1 (1): 1-9 (2012) numbers of preys were replaced to t e and females was 33 and 35 days, original density after 24 ours. , e respectively. First instar nymph. , e ead consumption rate treatment for eac was larger t an t e t oracic and abdominal number of prey was replicated 10 times and segments (Fig. 2a). Newly emerged first determined daily wit in 5 days. , e instar nymp s w itis transparent wit proportion of prey consumed (eac blac8 setae over t e body and moved predatorIday) were tested for significance slowly. , ere were two grayis bands of t e treatment using General ANOBA parallel to eac ot er from t e ead to t e wit t ree factors, and means were abdomen. , e average of body lengt was compared by Least Significant Difference 1.4 J 0.02 mm. Nymp s became active test. and start to feed after about one our. , e average developmental period for t e first RESULTS instar nymp was 6.24 J 0.02 days (,able 1) , ere were five nymp s of cric8et in 1. Biology of M. vittaticollis eac caged. From t e previous Eggs. , e eggs were inserted singly observation, t e newly first nymp did not in t e leaf midrib, t e leaf s eat or in t e consume t e prey w en t ey reared collar. , e egg cap was visible to t e individually t at caused great mortality of outside but was often covered wit soil t e first instar. Second instar nymph. , e particles. , e egg was cylindrical, often coloration varied from brown to grey. s arply angled near t e point of attac ment Antennae and legs were larger and longer to t e plant tissue. Newly laid eggs were t an t ose of t e first instar (Figure 2b) and transparent, smoot and s iny w ite. As moved faster. t ey become older t ey turned translucent, and w en egg nearly atc ed it become brownis yellow (Figure 1).
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