DOCSLIB.ORG

Aboveground Arthropod Pest and Predator Diversity in Irrigated Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Production Systems of the Philippines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Aboveground Arthropod Pest and Predator Diversity in Irrigated Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Production Systems of the Philippines Journal of Tropical Agriculture 45 (1-2): 1–8, 2007 1 Aboveground arthropod pest and predator diversity in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) production systems of the Philippines Sarwshri Gangurde* Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany. Received 12 January 2007; received in revised form 15 May 2007; accepted 20 May 2007. Abstract Abundance and diversity of pest and predator species at different stages of crop growth were studied in chemical insecticide- treated and untreated irrigated rice production systems of the Philippines in a single season. Immigration of pest and predator species to the rice fields from the adjoining vegetated patches was also monitored for assessing the potential role of the latter group in natural biological control. Dominant pest species during the tillering stage were plant and leafhoppers belonging to the Hemipteran families of Cicadellidae and Delphacidae. Higher pest species diversity was recorded during the milk stage of the crop in both treatments compared to other pheno-phases. Among the predator species, Micraspis crocea, Conocephalus longipennis, Metioche vittaticollis, Agriocnemis spp., and Cyrtorhinus lividipennis were abundant. Malaise trap catches indicated the movement of pests, namely Recilia dorsalis, Cofona spectra, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, and Eysarcoris spp. and predator species such as M. crocea, Agriocnemis spp., and M. vittaticollis from the adjoining areas. Diversity and richness indices of pest and predators were higher in the untreated fields compared to the insecticide-treated fields. Highest pest species richness was found during the tillering stage, while predator species richness was highest during the milk stage. Implicit in this is that as the pest species increased, the predator diversity followed. Keywords: Biological control, Immigration, Shannon index, Species richness, Evenness, Dominance. Introduction interested both agroecologists and conservation biologists alike (Bambaradeniya et al., 2004). Arthropod pest and predator populations in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields are intimately associated with each The Philippines is one among the chief rice growing other (Settle et al., 1996). A lot of ecological research and consuming countries in the world. Among the major has been done on this and many scientific publications constraints of Philippine rice production are the high brought out on the occurrence, abundance, and diversity incidence of pests and the consequent over-use of of arthropods, besides the variations due to topography, chemical insecticides (Rola and Pingali, 1993), which geographical conditions, and weather conditions (e.g., disrupts the natural balance between insect pests and Landis et al., 2000; Juen et al., 2003). Yet there have their natural enemies. In particular, spray formulations been few studies demonstrating how the abundance and of monocrotophos, chloropyrifos, and quinalphos have diversity of arthropod pests and predators contribute adversely affected the predators and parasitoids of major to the biological control of crop pests at different stages rice pests (Patel et al., 1997). However, some workers of growth. The tropical rice fields offer a biologically have argued that Acephate, chloropyriphos, and diverse and dynamic environment for invertebrate and monocrotophos are relatively safe to the predator vertebrate populations (Settle et al., 1996). The species such as Lycosa pseudoannulata, Tetragnatha biodiversity in irrigated rice agroecosystem has javanica and Paederus fuscipes (e.g., Kumar and *Author for correspondence: Telephone +49 711 459 23605; Fax +49 711 459 23843; Email <[email protected]>. Aboveground arthropod pest and predator diversity in irrigated rice 2 Velusamy, 2000). It thus necessitates further and more treated once in 10 weeks of crop growth with Rador systematic efforts to evaluate the effects of insecticidal (Chloropyrifos–250 g L–1, Betacyfluthrin–12.5 g L–1, and applications on the pest complex of rice and the natural Solverro150–633.5 g L–1 active ingredients). Three plots abundance and diversity of predators. This paper of size 100 m2 (10 x 10 m) were selected at both sites focuses on the diversity and abundance of pests and during March 2004. Rice (var. RC-18) was planted in predators in insecticide-treated and control (no insect- both sites at a spacing of 20 x 20 cm. icide) fields and correlates the effects of insecticidal application on arthropod species diversity, besides Aboveground arthropod pest and predator species at analyzing the immigration pattern of arthropod pests and different stages of rice growth, which can be easily predators to the rice fields from adjoining patches of trapped in sweep nets (32 cm dia) and malaise traps, natural vegetation. The community structure of the were monitored. Sampling was done by sweep netting selected taxa and species diversity in different stages of in established plots during various stages of rice growth. rice growth were also monitored. Twenty sweeps per plot was used as the standard. Weekly data on the number of individuals of each Materials and Methods species obtained by net sweeping from both sites for the whole rice-cropping season was used to calculate The study was conducted in the Baybay municipality in the indices of diversity and to describe the community Western Leyte, one of the Visayas group islands (124o17’ structure of arthropods. The malaise trap was installed E longitude and between 9o55’ and 11o48’ N latitude) in at both sites along the border of the rice field to study the Philippines. Two sampling sites were established: the immigration of insects from weedy vegetation and one near the Leyte State University (LSU) campus in agroforest to the rice fields. The trap was kept open the rice fields adjacent to the Agroforestry Demo Farm only in one direction. Collection jars filled with 70% (AF site) and the second in Barangay Pangasugan about ethyl alcohol were attached to the traps in the morning 2.3 km north from the LSU administrative headquarters (9 a.m.) and maintained until 9 a.m. the next day. (BP site). The AF site was near an upland contour demo Observations were made every 24 h and once every farming system planted with leguminous hedgerows and week the samples were identified to its lowest alleys planted with annual crops. Stands of Carica taxonomic category. Shannon’s index of diversity (H’), papaya, Mangifera indica, Musa paradisiaca, Ficus spp., Menhinick index (ES) for species richness, species Ananas comosus, Ipomoea batata, Leucaena evenness index (Magurran, 1988), and index of leucocephala, Mallotus barbatus exist in this area. Weed dominance (Odum, 1971) were computed to assess the flora including Pseudoelephantopus spicatus diversity of arthropods at both sites. ANOVA and (Asteraceae), Ipomoea pescaprae (Convolvulaceae), regression analysis were done to compare the Colocasia esculenta (Araceae), Commelina diffusa insecticide effect on pest and predator abundance and (Commelinaceae), Hyptis capitata (Lamiaceae), Wedelia diversity. trilobata (Asteraceae), Axonopus compressus (Poaceae), Mimosa pudica (Mimosaceae), and Mikania cordata Results and Discussion (Asteraceae) were found at both sites. The rice sampling areas lay adjacent to the demo farm at the lower slope at Arthropod pest diversity an elevation of around 10 to 15 m above sea level. The BP site was situated in a communal farmer’s rice field Seventeen (AF site) and 14 (BP site) species were and was not treated with insecticides during the whole recorded by net sweeping (Table 1). They belonged to duration of the crop. This is part of an organic farm of three major orders (Homoptera, Hemiptera, and LSU and was always kept free of insecticides and the Coleoptera) and five major families (Cicadellidae, surrounding areas are all rice fields compared to the AF Delphacidae, Alydidae, Pentatomidae, and site surrounded by an agroforest. The AF site was also Chrysomelidae). In general, the results indicate that Sarwshri Gangurde 3 Table 1. Occurrence and abundance of arthropod pest species at treated (AF) and an untreated (BP) site in the Leyte Island of Philippines. Name of the species, Family, and Order Weekly catch (no.) AF site BP site Total Total Mean SE Range Total Total Mean SE Range (S) (M) (S) (S) (S)1 (S) (M) (S) (S) (S)1 Chaetocnema basalis – Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) NO 1 - - - 1 NO 0.08 0.27 1 Dicladispa armigera – Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) NO NO - - - NO NO - - - Oulema oryzae – Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) NO NO - - - NO NO - - - Monolipta spp. – Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) 2 2 0.15 0.37 1 3 2 0.23 0.59 2 Leucopholis irrorata – Scarabidae (Coleoptera) NO NO - - - NO NO - - - Holotrichia mindanaoana – Scarabidae (Coleoptera) NO NO - - - NO NO - - - Phyllophaga spp. – Scarabidae (Coleoptera) NO NO - - - NO NO - - - Anomala pallida – Scarabidae (Coleoptera) 1 NO 0.07 0.27 1 NO NO - - - Scotinophara coarctata/lurida – 16 2 1.23 2.27 7 1 1 0.07 0.27 1 Pentatomidae (Hemiptera) Nezara viridula – Scarabidae (Hemiptera) 7 NO 0.54 1.94 7 NO NO - - - Pygomenida varipennis – Coreidae (Hemiptera) 7 NO 0.54 1.45 5 2 NO 0.15 0.37 1 Eysarcoris spp./cletus spp.– Coreidae (Hemiptera) 119 3 9.15 12.4 32 67 1 5.15 11.02 34 Nephotettix spp. – Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) 434 6 33.38 34.31 96 407 17 31.3 43.67 116 Recilia dorsalis – Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) 53 21 4.07 3.7 12 20 22 1.53 2.1 7 Cofona spectra – Cicadellidae (Hemiptera) 12 12 0.92 1.32 4 4 3
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cenerale De La Recherche
    -A51-1/1984 Agriculture 1+ Canada RESEARCH BRANCH REPORT ~1984~ RAPPORT DE LA DIRECTION CENERALE DE LA RECHERCHE Canada Research Branch Report 1984 Rapport de la Direction generale de la recherche RESEARCH BRANCH DIRECTION GENERALE DE LA RECHERCHE AGRICULTURE CANADA Copies of this publication are available from Research Program Service Research Branch Agriculture Canada Ottawa, Ont. KIA OC6 On peut obtenir des exemplaires de cette publication au Service aux programmes de recherche Direction generale de la recherche Agriculture Canada Ottawa (Ont.) KIA OC6 @Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1985 Cat. No. A51-111984 ISBN 0-662-53715-7 Printed 1985 @Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada, 1985 No de cat. A51-111984 ISBN 0-662-53715-7 Impression 1985 Contents Table des matieres Foreword IV / Avant-propos V Headquarters / Administration central VI Branch Executive VI/Haute direction VI Program Coordination Directorate VIII / Direction de la coordination du programme VIII Administration Division IX / Division de I'administration IX Branch Financial Management IX / Gestion jinanciere de la Direction generale IX Organization of the Research Branch X / Organisation de la Direction genera Ie de la recherche XI Map of research establishments XII / Carte des etablissements de recherche XII Program Structure XIII / Structure du programme XIV Institutes Directorate / Direction des Instituts Biosystematics Research Institute 5 Chemistry and Biology Research Institute 21 Engineering and Statistical Research Institute 35 Food Research Institute 45 Land Resource Research Institute 55 Research Program Service 69 Atlantic Region / Region de l'Atlantique 73 St. John's West, Nfld. 77 Charlottetown, P.E.I. 83 Kentville, N. S. 91 Fredericton, N.
    [Show full text]
  • MOTHS and BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed Distributional Information Has Been J.D
    MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES LEPIDOPTERA DISTRIBUTION DATA SOURCES (LEPIDOPTERA) * Detailed distributional information has been J.D. Lafontaine published for only a few groups of Lepidoptera in western Biological Resources Program, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada. Scott (1986) gives good distribution maps for Canada butterflies in North America but these are generalized shade Central Experimental Farm Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 maps that give no detail within the Montane Cordillera Ecozone. A series of memoirs on the Inchworms (family and Geometridae) of Canada by McGuffin (1967, 1972, 1977, 1981, 1987) and Bolte (1990) cover about 3/4 of the Canadian J.T. Troubridge fauna and include dot maps for most species. A long term project on the “Forest Lepidoptera of Canada” resulted in a Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (Agassiz) four volume series on Lepidoptera that feed on trees in Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Canada and these also give dot maps for most species Box 1000, Agassiz, B.C. V0M 1A0 (McGugan, 1958; Prentice, 1962, 1963, 1965). Dot maps for three groups of Cutworm Moths (Family Noctuidae): the subfamily Plusiinae (Lafontaine and Poole, 1991), the subfamilies Cuculliinae and Psaphidinae (Poole, 1995), and ABSTRACT the tribe Noctuini (subfamily Noctuinae) (Lafontaine, 1998) have also been published. Most fascicles in The Moths of The Montane Cordillera Ecozone of British Columbia America North of Mexico series (e.g. Ferguson, 1971-72, and southwestern Alberta supports a diverse fauna with over 1978; Franclemont, 1973; Hodges, 1971, 1986; Lafontaine, 2,000 species of butterflies and moths (Order Lepidoptera) 1987; Munroe, 1972-74, 1976; Neunzig, 1986, 1990, 1997) recorded to date.
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 38: 1–549 (2010) Annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 MONOGRAPH www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Launched to accelerate biodiversity research An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada Gregory R. Pohl1, Gary G. Anweiler2, B. Christian Schmidt3, Norbert G. Kondla4 1 Editor-in-chief, co-author of introduction, and author of micromoths portions. Natural Resources Canada, Northern Forestry Centre, 5320 - 122 St., Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5 2 Co-author of macromoths portions. University of Alberta, E.H. Strickland Entomological Museum, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 3 Co-author of introduction and macromoths portions. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, K.W. Neatby Bldg., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6 4 Author of butterfl ies portions. 242-6220 – 17 Ave. SE, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2A 0W6 Corresponding authors: Gregory R. Pohl ([email protected]), Gary G. Anweiler ([email protected]), B. Christian Schmidt ([email protected]), Norbert G. Kondla ([email protected]) Academic editor: Donald Lafontaine | Received 11 January 2010 | Accepted 7 February 2010 | Published 5 March 2010 Citation: Pohl GR, Anweiler GG, Schmidt BC, Kondla NG (2010) An annotated list of the Lepidoptera of Alberta, Canada. ZooKeys 38: 1–549. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.38.383 Abstract Th is checklist documents the 2367 Lepidoptera species reported to occur in the province of Alberta, Can- ada, based on examination of the major public insect collections in Alberta and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated List of the Lepidoptera of Alberta Bowman 1951
    AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE LEPIDOPTERA OF ALBERTA1.* Abstract This list consists of 1825 species and varieties of Lepidoptera which have been taken in Alberta. Of these, 657 are records of captures in the hitherto almost completely neglected Microlepidoptera. Though few specialists on this continent have studied the taxonomy of this large group, those who have done so in certain families have generously assisted in classifying the species which are recorded. Unfortunately, in a few families it has been ilnpossible to obtain this assistance. Despite the omissions this necessitates, the list constitutes the most comprehensive catalogue of Microlepidoptera which has, up to the present, been attempted for any province in the Donlinion. Arrangement and nomenclature are based on McDunnough's Check List of the Lepidoptera of Catzada alzd the United States, published in 1938 and 1939. Proposed modifications in nomenclature, presented in subsequent publications, are substituted if they appear to be gaining general acceptance. Locality records for captures are presented by a system of ecological areas of which the chief climatological and biological characteristics are briefly described. Introductory Professional entomologists are very greatly aided in the pursuit of their lifeworlc with its practical objectives by the unstinted and critical industry of competent amateurs. Such amateurs have gathered a vast mass of data upon the distribution and the relative abundance of various insects and have recorded valuable information on the biology of the groups to which they For personal use only. have devoted their particular attention. In no field of entbmological endeavor has this been more in evidence than it is in the study of Lepidoptera.
    [Show full text]
  • Dodia Maja Sp. N., a New Tiger Moth from the Magadan Territory, Russia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae)
    Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 55 (3), pp. 275–282, 2009 DODIA MAJA SP. N., A NEW TIGER MOTH FROM THE MAGADAN TERRITORY, RUSSIA (LEPIDOPTERA, ARCTIIDAE) REKELJ, J.1 and ČESANEK, M.2 1Struževo 35, 4000 Kranj, Slovenija, e-mail: [email protected] 2Bodrocká 30, 82107 Bratislava, Slovakia, e-mail: [email protected] A new species Dodia maja sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) is described from the Magadan re- gion of Russia. Illustrations of adults, genitalia, and third-instar larva are provided. A diagnos- tic comparison is made with Dodia kononenkoi, D. transbaikalensis, D. verticalis, D. alber- tae, D. tarandus, D. diaphana and D. sazanovi. Key words: Lepidoptera, Arctiinae, Dodia, new species, Russia INTRODUCTION During an expedition to the Magadan territory in the summer of 2006 we found two interesting species of tiger moths during exploration of dry rocky habi- tats at higher elevations. The first Dodia kononenkoi TSHISTJAKOV et LAFON- TAINE, 1984 was easily recognisable, but the second species didn’t match any known Palaearctic or Arctic species. The weather conditions in the mountains north of the Magadan were very unstable, so we had to wait for rare sunny days in each location and then try to assemble as much material and data in the field as pos- sible. Later on, comparisons with existing material and literature revealed these specimens to be a new species. The description of the new species is the subject of this paper. MATERIAL EXAMINED We were unable to see type material of any Dodia species. However, for comparisons our own material was used and compared with photographs.
    [Show full text]
  • Paul F. Bruggemann Retires from Editorship
    InstituteNews At Eureka, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. Paul F. Bruggemann retires from usefulness ends when he reaches sixty- Editorship five. Mr. Bruggemannwas born on 28 The contributors and readers of February 1890 at Gut Mindenerwald, Arctic will join in wishing Mr. Paul F. Gemeinde Hille, Westphalia, Germany. Bruggemann every enjoyment of the Hereceived his formal education in leisure that has become his on his re- Germany, including a degree inengi- tirement from the editorship. He kept neering and in this field was captivated the standard high,and there are few by the new worldof airplanes and flight. contributors who do not feel a sense of By the time he was ten years old he debt for the careful attention paid to was very much aware of the world their work. Readers have been grateful around him and his desire to know it for thewide range of interests to which better led him along many pathsin he catered. He took the job on at an natural history. It tookhim through age when most scholarshave been com- meadows and forests, and to the moun- pulsively retired, and he has done work tain tops of his native land. He knew of a quality which gives the lie direct where to hide towatch the Black to the popular assumption that a man’s Grouseon their leks as the mists of 133 134 INSTITUTE NEWS dawn rose, andwhere tolook for a In 1951, he .went to northern Elles- species of butterfly for his collection. mere Island thus realizingone of his Of all his interests in natural history, earliest ambitions.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Genus, Dodiopsis Gen. Nov., and a New Species, Dodiopsis Solanikovi Spec, Nov., from Mongolia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) 227-232 ©Ges
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Atalanta Jahr/Year: 2001 Band/Volume: 32 Autor(en)/Author(s): Ivinskis Povilas, Saldaitis Aidas Artikel/Article: A new genus, Dodiopsis gen. nov., and a new species, Dodiopsis solanikovi spec, nov., from Mongolia (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae) 227-232 ©Ges. zur Förderung d. Erforschung von Insektenwanderungen e.V. München, download unter www.zobodat.at Atalanta (Juni 2001) 32(1/2):227-232, colour plate Vlb, Würzburg, ISSN 0171-0079 A new genus, Dodiopsis gen. nov., and a new species, Dodiopsis solanikovi spec, nov., from Mongolia (Lepidoptera, Arctildae) by POVILAS IviNSKIS & AlDAS SALDAITIS received 25.IV.2001 Summary: The description of the genus Dodiopsis gen. nov. and the species Dodiopsis solanikovi spec. nov. is presented in the article. The holotype female is characterised by re­ duced wings. Genitalia is sack-shaped, bursa with three signa, anterior apophyses half as short as posterior ones. Paratype-male with wide transparent wings, double pectinate an­ tenna. Both sexes are characterised by two pairs of large spurs on the hind tibia. Also pictures of the genitalia of Epimydia dialampra Stgr. are given Introduction Two Arctiidae individuals have been received from Mr. V. Solanikov from Mongolia. The fe­ male has been in good state, while the male was without abdomen. The shape of the wings of the male resembles representatives of the genus Dodia, although its antenna is the same as that of the genus Epimydia. Significant exterior and genitalia differences did not permit to attribute the examined individu­ als to a particular known genus, therefore, they represent a new genus and species.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods from the Leeward Hawaiian Islands1 Most Recent Immigrant Insects Now Known from The
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa Vol. XIX, No. 2, September, 1966 157 Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods from the Leeward Hawaiian Islands1 John W. Beardsley UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, HONOLULU, HAWAII INTRODUCTION The Leeward Hawaiian Islands comprise a chain of small rocky islets, and coral atolls which extend west-northwest of Kauai. Nihoa, the nearest, is about 150 miles from Kauai, while Kure, the furthermost, is some 1,150 miles away (see map, p. 158). All Leeward Islands except Midway and Kure are now a part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This paper summarizes results of recent entomological field work in these islands, and attempts to update the existing lists of insects and other terrestrial arthropods known. The terrestrial arthropod fauna of these islands is a mixture of endemic or indigenous elements and recently, adventive forms. The numbers of endemic species are greatest on the two relatively undisturbed southeastern volcanic islands of Nihoa and Necker, and apparently have disappeared largely from the more northwesterly atolls where, in most cases, the original vegetation has changed drastically in the past 100 years or so. Extinction of native plants and endemic insects has been documented fairly well for Laysan fChristophersen & Caum, 1931, Butler & Usinger, 1963a). Un fortunately, less is known about the original biota of the other atolls. Most recent immigrant insects now known from the Leeward Islands occur also on the larger inhabited islands of Hawaii; however, two species could become serious crop pests should they spread into agricultural areas of the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae)
    SHILAP Revta. lepid., 48 (189) marzo 2020: 95-99 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 Records of Dodia Dyar, 1901 species in Russian Altai (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) J. Sumpich, M. Dvorˇák, M. Pikner & T. Kadlec Abstract Faunistic records of Dodia Dyar, 1901 species collected in Altai Mountains (Russia) in 2015-2019 are given. Rare Holarctic species Dodia albertae Dyar, 1901 is firstly reported from this territory. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, faunistic, Altai Republic, Russia. Registros de las especies de Dodia Dyar, 1901 en el Altái ruso (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) Resumen Se dan registros faunísticos de las especies de Dodia Dyar, 1901 recogidas en el Macizo de Altai (Rusia) en los años 2015-2019. Para este territorio, se registra por primera vez, la rara especie Dodia albertae Dyar, 1901. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, faunística, República de Altai, Rusia. Introduction Dodia Dyar, 1901 is species-poor genus of erebid moths comprises seven species yet. It is characteristic by external appearance with almost transparent wings with reduced patterns, unique within family Erebidae. Three species have Palearctic distribution: D. diaphana (Eversmann, 1848), D. maja Rekelj & Gesánek, 2009 and D. sazonovi Dubatolov, 1990, two are Nearctic distribution D. tarandus Schmidt & Macaulay, 2009 and D. verticalis Lafontaine & Troubridge, 1999 and two are Holactic distribution D. albertae Dyar, 1901 and D. kononenkoi Tshistjakov & Lafontaine, 1984. According DUBATULOV (2008), two additional taxa had been originally described as subspecies of D. kononenkoi Tshistjakov & Lafontaine, 1984 which were considered as valid species, both with Palearctic distribution (D. sikhotensis Tshistjakov, 1988, D. transbaikalensis Tshistjakov, 1988). All Dodia species occur in boreal and subarctic areas and within Holarctic fauna represent unique cold- adapted group associated with cold mountain habitats, peat bogs or subarctic tundra.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Original Article Biology and Predatory Behavior Of
    J. Trop. Plant Prot. 1 (1): 1-9 (2012) Original Article Biology and Predatory Behavior of Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) ∗ Sri KARINDA 1∗∗, Bagyo YANUWIADI2 and Lilie( SULISTYOWATI1 1Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Agricultural Faculty, University of Brawijaya 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Mat ematical and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya (Received 15 January 2012( Accepted 1 April 2012) Abstract Metioche vittaticollis (Stal) is one of t e generalist predator in rice field abitat. , e biology and predatory be avior were studied in t e laboratory. , e life cycle of M. vittaticollis (Stal) averaged 40.61 days at 260122oC. , e eggs were inserted singly wit in t e leaf s eat of rice or weeds and atc ed in 14.22 days. , e nymp al period was varied between 27 and 45 days and passed four nymp al stadia. Female fecundity was averaged 50 eggs during er lifetime. , e longevity of t e female or male adult was ranged from 20 to 32 days. , e average longevity of females and males were 29.24 and 25.00 days, respectively. , e longevity of unmated female or male were longer t an t e mated female or male. , e egg and first instar nymp sustained t e ig mortality of 307 and 257, respectively, w ilst t ere was less mortality in t e t ird and fourt instar nymp . , e adult females of M. vittaticollis survived for 32 days and t e rate of survival was ig in t e young adults but decreased as t e cric8et aged.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic List of the Noctuoidea of Europe (Notodontidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae)
    Esperiana Buchreihe zur Entomologie Bd. 11: 93-205 Schwanfeld, 29. Juni 2005 ISBN 3-938249-01-3 Systematic List of the Noctuoidea of Europe (Notodontidae, Nolidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae) Michael FIBIGER and Hermann H. HACKER Superfamily NOCTUOIDEA LATREILLE, 1809 Remarks to Classification In the European List of Noctuidae (FIBIGER and HACKER, 1991) we refrained from writing a justification for subdividing the family into subfamilies and tribes. Our understanding of the classification of the family has progressed since then, but only to some extent therefore several paraphyletic or even polyphyletic groupings still remain in the Noctuidae (s.l.) and in the other families dealt with here. Most of the tribes listed here are monophyletic and we believe that most of them will stand the test of time. In groups where research is lasting, we refer to the latest knowledge available. For example the family Noctuidae has now been divided into three families, the Noctuidae, Micronoctuidae and Erebidae, these corresponding roughly to the groups previously called “quadrifid“ and “trifid“ noctuids. Ongoing research, however, suggests that the arctiid clade might be derived from within the Erebidae (WELLER and MITCHELL, pers. com.). Other important results have been published in the last 13 years, some of which are: KITCHING and RAWLINS (in KRISTENSEN, 1998); KITCHING and YELA (1999); SPEIDEL, FÄNGER and NAUMANN (1996); SPEIDEL and NAUMANN (1996); POOLE (1995, and his catalogue from 1989); the North American Moths of North America (MONA) book series: LAFONTAINE and POOLE (1991), POOLE (1995), LAFONTAINE (1998, 2004); BECK (1996, 1999, 2000); the volumes of the book series Noctuidae Europaeae (1990-2003); and many papers in Esperiana.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods Include the Insects, Spiders, Mites, Ticks, Ostracods, Copepods, Scorpions, Centipedes, Sh
    Basic Arthropod Taxonomy Arthropods include the insects, spiders, mites, ticks, ostracods, copepods, scorpions, centipedes, shrimps, and crayfishes. Of these, insects make up > 50% of all the nominal species of organisms in the world. Insects and its allies or relatives whether pests or beneficials are part of rice ecosystems. Basic arthropod identification is important in ecological research to understand interactions, which are vital for developing better pest management tools and strategies. This manual will focus on: • Identification of different arthropod groups. • Identification of major diagnostic features of the most common and important arthropod orders, families and species especially insects and spiders in the rice agricultural landscape using taxonomic keys. • Handling and preserving arthropods for identification. Manual content Differences: Insects (Class Insecta) and Spiders (Class Arachnida, Order Araneae) Insects Spiders Body regions 3: head, thorax and abdomen 2: cephalothorax (fused head and thorax) and unsegmented abdomen Eyes 2-3 compound eyes and 0-8 (with some ground 3 ocelli or simple eyes dwellers having no eyes) Legs (no.) 3 pairs 4 pairs Wings Present Absent Antennae Present Absent Summary of Insect Orders and Families and Spider Families covered in this workshop Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Coenagrionidae Damselfly Agriocnemis Predator (flying femina femina insects and (Brauer) hoppers) 1 A. pygmaea Predator (flying (Rambur) insects and hoppers) Order Family Common name Common species Food habit Odonata Libellulidae Dragonfly Diplacodes Predator (stem trivialis (Drury) borers, leaffeeders and planthoppers) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae Long-horned Conocephalus Predator (rice grasshoppers longipennis (de bug, stem borers, Haan) and planthopper and leafhopper nymphs) Gryllidae Crickets Euscyrtus Pest concinnus (de Haan) Acrididae Short-horned Oxya spp.
    [Show full text]