Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera)
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The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 9 Number 1 - Spring 1976 Number 1 - Spring 1976 Article 2 April 1976 Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera) W. P. McCafferty J. L. Stein Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation McCafferty, W. P. and Stein, J. L. 1976. "Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 9 (1) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol9/iss1/2 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. McCafferty and Stein: Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera) INDIANA ENSIFERA (ORTHOPERA) and J. L. Stein Department of Entomology Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 Published by ValpoScholar, 1976 1 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 9, No. 1 [1976], Art. 2 https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol9/iss1/2 2 McCafferty and Stein: Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera) THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST INDIANA ENSIFERA (ORTHOPERA)' W. P. McCafferty and J. L. Stein2 A total of 67 species of long-horned grasshoppers and crickets were reported to occur in Indiana by Blatchley (1903) in his "Orthoptera of Indiana." Distributional information concerning thek species was sparse and has not been significantly supplemented since that time. Subsequent works which have dealt either heavily or exclusively with the Indiana fauna include Fox (1915), Blatchley (1920), Cantrall and Young (1954), and Young and Cantrall(1956). The study reported herein was instigated in order to synthesize and augment our knowledge of the ensiferan fauna of the state of Indiana, including a complete and current record of the geographic, temporal, and ecological distribution of the species. The results, moreover, incorporate considerable taxonomic changes since Blatchley's time, substantiate 10 new state records increasing the known number of state species to 83, implicate an additional eight species as possibly occurring in Indiana, and establish 400 new county records for 61 of the 83 Indiana species. Identification tables for all of these species were presented by Stein and McCafferty (1975). The data were derived primarily from the study of over 3,800 museum specimens housed at Purdue University's Laboratory of Insect Diversity, the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, and the Illinois Natural History Survey. Specimens were sexed and identitied or verified, and the label data were recorded. The style of presentation used is similar to that of Cantrall (1968). The annotated checklist includes for each species, and subspecies when appropriate, the complete taxonomic name, the common name, and brief statements concerning the seasonality of adults and ecological associations. Species verified by us as new state records are marked with an asterisk. Geographic distribution of each species in the form of plotted counties is indicated on individual Indiana maps which accompany each specific treatment. Open circles signify that there are previously existent county records from the literature. Solid circles signify that specimens taken from the county have been studied by the authors and are present in one of the collections mentioned above. A solid circle, alone, would therefore indicate a new county record. Readers are referred to Figure 1 for a complete labelling of county names. For the purpose of attempting to draw correlations between specific distributions and natural features of the environment, the readers are referred to Lindsey (1966). This work dealt in depth for Indiana with such things as the historical geology, bio~limate, vegetation and floral areas, soil types, speleology, and mammalian distribution, all of which may possibly have either a direct or indirect bearing on the distribution of the ensiferan fauna In addition, Chandler (1966) divided the state into regions and biotic zones based on certain elements of the insect fauna including the Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Odonata, and Orthoptera in part. The "zones" are strongly correlated with floral areas and the Pleistocene geology of Indiana. A striking difference in fauna is sometimes apparent between a southern unglaciated area of Indiana and the remaining glaciated area of the state. Blatchley (1903) had earlier estimated life zones in the state based primarily on the distribution of Orthoptera. Modifying Merriam's (1898) concepts, Blatchley concluded that the "Transition Zone" (Alleghanian fauna) overlapped the northern fourth of the state, the "Lower Austral Zone" (Austroriparian fauna) covered the greater part of the southern third of the state, and the "Upper Austral Zone" (Carolinian fauna) covered essentially the entire state and mingled with the latter two faunas. Our data indicates that the number of species of Ensifera in the state that might be considered Alleghanian or l~ublishedwith the approval of the Director of the Purdue Agricultural Experiment Station as Journal Series No. 5910. 2~epartmentof Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. Published by ValpoScholar, 1976 3 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 9, No. 1 [1976], Art. 2 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 9, No. 1 Fig. I. The counties of the State of Indiana. https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol9/iss1/2 4 McCafferty and Stein: Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera) 1976 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 27 Austroriparian is much smaller than Blatchley originally thought, due to many factors such as synonymy, original misidentification of species, and our much expanded distributional data Nevertheless, there remains evidence that much of the current southern ensiferan fauna in Indiana has been derived from a previously more widespread preglacial fauna. Also, on the basis of distributional data, supposed northern extensions of the predominantly southern species are associated in most cases with large river valleys such as the Wabash and White. It could, furthermore, be inferred from this, that either postglacial dispersal has been more general but evidence of such obliterated by recent agricultural development, or that recent dispersal has indeed been via river valleys. The biotic units of Indiana as proposed by Chandler (1966) do not appear to be applicable to the Ensifera because of either considerable overlap in species' distribution among zones or a wide disparity in collecting records. Hopefully, the raw distributional data concerning Indiana Ensifera are now complete enough for those who would wish to undertake a more thorough examination of the geographic affinities of each species. We would caution, however, that the total range of any species along with all available information concerning evolutionary origins are additional critical considerations in any comprehensive study of zoogeography. Hebard (1934) and Cantrall (1968) published faunal accounts of Orthoptera species for the neighboring states of Illinois and Michigan respectively. These and various other treatments containing collecting records of Ensifera from areas in proximity to Indiana in adjacent states have indicated that eight species and one subspecies may eventually be found in Indiana A list of these follows with the adjacent state distribution indicated parenthetically for each: Scudderia fasciata Beutenmiiller (Michigan and Ohio) Diastremmena apicalis Brunner (Adventive: Illinois) Ceuthophilus pallidipes E. M. Walker (Ohio and Michigan) Ceuthophilus silvestris Bruner (Michigan) Ceuthophilus guttulosus nigricans Scudder (Kentucky) Gryllus rubens Scudder (Illinois) Oecanthus celerinicfus T. J. Walker (Illinois and Kentucky) Oecanthus laricis T. J. Walker (Michigan and Ohio) Cyrtoxipha columbiana Caudell (Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio) Family TETTIGONIIDAE (The Katydids) Subfamily PHANEROPTERINAE (Bush and Roundheaded Katydids) Genus SCUDDERIA Stal (Bush Katydids) *septentrionalis (Serville) 1839. Northern Bush Katydid (Fig. 2). Records for the state are from August. The species is presumed to be much more widespread than is indicated but is rare in collections. It has been taken in deciduous wooded areas. pistillata (Brumer) 1878. Broadwinged Bush Katydid (Fig. 3). Adults have been taken from late sumnier to early fall in the lakes region of northern Indiana. It has been taken primarily in low bushes and other plants associated with ponds and bogs. cwicauda curvicauda (DeGeer) 1773. Curvetailed Bush Katydid (Fig. 4). Adults have been taken in late summer and early fall. Populations are present throughout Indiana and are usually found in association with marshy habitats. texensis Saussure and Pictet 1897. Texas Bush Katydid (Fig. 5). Adults of this rather widespread species have been collected in late summer and early fall. It is known from marshes, swamps, bogs, and low marginal vegetation. Published by ValpoScholar, 1976 5 The Great Lakes Entomologist, Vol. 9, No. 1 [1976], Art. 2 28 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 9, No. 1 Scudderia septentrionaZis Scudderia pisti ZZata Scudderia curvicauda curvicauda Scudderia texensis https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol9/iss1/2 6 McCafferty and Stein: Indiana Ensifera (Orthopera) 1976 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 29 Scudderia furcata furcata furcata furcata Brunner 1878. Forktailed Bush Katydid (Fig. 6). Adults are known from late summer to early fall. This bush katydid is known more from marginal bushes and trees in the hilly areas of southern Indiana