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In Vitro Micropropagation of the Ornamental Plant Dieffenbachia — a Review

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In Vitro Micropropagation of the Ornamental Plant Dieffenbachia — a Review Universal Journal of Plant Science 1(3): 91-99, 2013 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujps.2013.010306 In Vitro Micropropagation of the Ornamental Plant Dieffenbachia — A Review Azza Migdam Elsheikh1, Hussien Mohamed Daffalla1,*, Mutasim Mohamed Khalfala2 1Plant Cell & Tissue Culture Dept., Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Centre for Research, Sudan 2Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Health Informatics, Umm AL-Qura University, Saudi Arabia *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Copyright © 2013 Horizon Research Publishing All rights reserved. Abstract Ornamental industry has applied immensely in species used in interior landscapes are: Dieffenbachia vitro propagation approach for large-scale plant maculate (syn. D. picta), D. amoena, D. seguine. multiplication at very high rates of elite superior varieties. As Dieffenbachia has been produced as an ornamental foliage a result, hundreds of plant tissue culture laboratories have plant for interiorescaping since 1864 [6, 7] and consistently come up worldwide. Dieffenbachia species are popular ranks among the top five most popular foliage plant genera foliage potted plants used in interiorescapes of homes, based on annual wholesale value [7, 8]. Moreover, the offices, and malls throughout the world. Most of number of Dieffenbachia cultivars increased form 7 in 1975 Dieffenbachia species are now propagated by tissue culture to 23 cultivars by 1999 [8]. In addition to its character as for better utilize of species and expedite plant improvement. ornamental plant, this genus also reported to be used in This review paper summarizes valuable literature on in vitro biological control of some pests [9, 10] and as medicinal techniques including type of explants used, media optimized, plant [11], since all parts of Dieffenbachia is poisonous and ways of propagation and improvement through 45 years of can be a source of antimicrobial activities [12]. research on Dieffenbachia spp. Which were provide basis for Dieffenbachia conventionally propagated by seed, tip or future studies such as genetic transformation for breeding cane cuttings, division and air layering. Seed is not aims, develop new cultivars, develop disease-resistant plants commonly used except in breeding because it does not and overcome the environmental obstacles. There is a need encourage the expansion of the species, moreover, seed for more application of the plant tissue culture techniques on production is limited [13, 14]. Conventional methods are Dieffenbachia to investigate the responses of different very slow moreover, ex vitro vegetative propagation of cultivars and explants to variable culture media. Dieffenbachia is hampered by endogenous bacteria infection leads to total loss of vegetative parts [15, 16]. Besides Keywords Dieffenbachia, Review, Tissue culture, conventional methods of propagation in vitro Multiplication, Indirect regeneration micropropagation contributed very much in the propagation of Dieffenbachia. In vitro techniques offers many unique advantages over conventional propagation methods such as disinfection, rapid multiplication of valuable genotypes, 1. Introduction expeditious release of improved varieties, production of The genus Dieffenbachia consists of about 30 species and disease-free plants, non-seasonal production and facilitating over 100 cultivars with spotted, striped or speckled with their easy international exchange [17]. The main objective of cream, white, yellow, gold, silver, or a combination of these this article is to overview literature covering the previously colors leaves, 15 to 40 cm or so in length [1, 2]. work done on Dieffenbachia tissue culture from 1976 until Dieffenbachia is an ornamental perennial monocot plant 2011, and brings forth some points that we consider as the native to tropical America [3], belonging to the family major thrust of contemporary and future research. However, Araceae [4]. It is prized among interiorscapers for the the works on Dieffenbachia is summarized in Table1. Figure attractive variegated foliage, tolerance of interior 1 illustrated general scheme for in vitro micropropagation environments and easy production [5]. The most common protocols of different Dieffenbachia cultivars. 92 In Vitro Micropropagation of the Ornamental Plant Dieffenbachia — A Review Table 1. Summery of micropropagation studies on Dieffenbachia (chronologically 1976 - 2010) References Title Explant Purpose Taxa* [ref. no.] Tissue culture method for producing Dieffenbachia In vitro disease Knauss, 1976 Shoot tip D. picta cv. ‘Perfection’ picta cv. Perfection free of fungi and bacteria elimination [36] Litz and Tissue culture propagation of some foliage plants Shoot tip\ node Organogenesis D. spp. Conover, 1977 [18] Tissue culture multiplication and subsequent Taylor and D.92maculate cv. handling of known pathogen-free Dieffenbachia Shoot tip\ node Shoot proliferation Knauss, 1978 ‘Perfection’ 92maculate cv. Perfection [19] In vitro shoot proliferation rate of Dieffenbachia Voyiatzi and D. exotica cv. exotica cultivar Marianna as affected by cytokinins, - Shoot proliferation Voyiatzis, 1989 ‘Marrianna’ the number of recultures and the temperature [49] Isolation and characterization of bacterial contaminants from Dieffenbachia amoena Bull, Microorganisms Brunner et al., Leaf D. amoena Anthurium andraeanum Linden and Spathiphyllum isolation 1995 [38] sp. shoot cultured in vitro Adventitious shoot regeneration on explants of Orlikowska et Anthurium, Codiaeum, Dieffenbachia, Gerbera, Petiole Organogenesis D. spp. al., 1995 [51] Rosa and Spathiphyllum for breeding purpose El-Sawy and Propagation of Dieffenbachia through tissue culture Shoot tip Shoot proliferation D. picta cv. ‘Tropica’ Bakheet, 1999 [26] Shoot proliferation Bud proliferation and regeneration in Dumb-cane Iqbal et al., Leaf and D. seguine (Dieffenbachia seguine) leaf callus. 1999 [29] breeding Role of benzyladenine and activated charcoal in Dieffenbachia exotica cv. Arafa et al., optimizing the culture media of in vitro cultured Node Shoot proliferation ‘Tropic-Snow’ 1999 [39] Dieffenbachia exotica cv. Tropic-Snow D. amoena cv. ‘Mars’, D. maculate cv. ‘Camila’, Tissue culture and rapid propagation of Genfa et al., - Organogenesis cv. ‘Rudolph Roehrs’, D. Dieffenbachia 1999 [41] seguine cv. ‘Wilson’s Delight’ Shoot apex culture and rapid propagation of Shoot tip / D. hybrid cv. ‘Tropic Feng et al., Organogenesis Dieffenbachia Tropic Marianne axillary bud Marianne’ 2000 [20] Effect of three cytokinins and the location of the D. maculata cv. Mogollon, 2000 explant in vitro multiplication of the Dieffenbachia Stem node Shoot proliferation ‘Sublime’ [27] maculate Schott. Cv. Sublime Production of Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Tropic Schroeder, 2000 Node Organogenesis D. amoena cv. ‘Tropic’ plants by in vitro [48] Sierra et al., Micropropagation of Dieffenbachia picta Axillary bud Shoot proliferation D. picta 2001 [21] Tissue culture for rapid propagation of Organogenesis and D. amoena cv. ‘Green Jun et al., Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Green Sea and Leaf/ node shoot proliferation Sea’ 2001[25] Philodendron erubescens cv. Emerald King The effect of cytokinin type and concentration and Vardja and the number of subcultures on the multiplication rate - - D. spp. Vardja, 2001 of some decorative plants [42] Studies on contamination control in stem culture of Contamination Hui et al., 2002 Stem segment D. amoena cv. ‘Camilla’ Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Camilla control [37] Micropropagation and mutation of Dieffenbachia Organogenesis and in D. maculate ‘Rudolph Chu, Leaf maculate Rudolph Roehrs-86-A vitro breeding Roehrs-86-A’ 2002 [47] D. maculate (cv. El-Mahrouk et Micropropagation of Dieffenbachia plants from a ‘Marianna’, ‘Exotica’) Node Organogenesis al., single stem –nodes and D. amoena cv. 2006 [3] ‘Tropic Snow’ Indirect shoot organogenesis and plantlets D. maculate cv. El-Mahrouk et regeneration from stem of ornamental Dieffenbachia Stem segment Organogenesis ‘Marianna’ al., 2007 [14] maculate cv. Marianna Indirect shoot organogenesis from leaves of Shen et al., Leaf Organogenesis D. cv. ‘Camouflage’ Dieffenbachia cv. Camouflage 2007 [31] Assessment of somaclonal variation in Dieffenbachia D. cv.: ‘Camouflage’, Organogenesis and Shen et al., plants regenerated through indirect shoot Leaf ‘Camille’ and ‘Star somaclonal variation 2007 [32] organogenesis Bright’ Universal Journal of Plant Science 1(3): 91-99, 2013 93 Effect of auxin concentration on somatic Somatic Shen and Lee, embryogenesis from male inflorescence culture of Inflorescene D. hybrid cv. ’Tiki’ embryogenesis 2007 [34] Dieffenbachia ‘Tiki Production of indole acetic acid (bioauxin) from Shoot tip / stem Organogenesis and D. maculate cv. El-Mahrouk et Azobacter sp. isolated and its effect on callus segment production of biouxin ‘Marianna’ al., 2007 [43] induction of Dieffenbachia maculate cv. Marianne Study on tissue culture and rapid propagation of Node/ axillary Chao and Li-si, Shoot proliferation D. amoena cv. ‘Kiki’ Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Kiki bud 2008 [22] Increasing lateral bud production with Shoot proliferation 6-benzylaminopurine and antibiotics pretreatments Shen and Lee, Axillary bud and contamination D. spp. on establishment of aseptic culture for axillary 2008 [23] control explants in Dieffenbachia D. cv.: ‘Camouflage’, Effects of genotype, explant source, and plant ‘Camille’, Shen et al., growth regulators on indirect shoot organogenesis in Leaf / root Organogenesis ‘Octopus’, and ‘Star
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