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Assessment of the Most Valuable Areas for Biodiversity in Bjeshket E Namuna/Prokletije Area

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Assessment of the Most Valuable Areas for Biodiversity in Bjeshket E Namuna/Prokletije Area Assessment of the Most Valuable Areas for Biodiversity in Bjeshket e Namuna/Prokletije Area Genti Kromidha (1), Zamir Dedej (1), Vasilje Buskovic (2), Nihat Dragoti (3) Valbona Simixhiu (1); With the methodological and scientific support of Pierre L. Ibisch and Martin Schluck (GIS) (1) Institute for Nature Conservation in Albania, Tirana, Albania (2)National Institute for the Protection of Nature, Podgorica, Montenegro (3) Ministry of Environemnt, Forest and Water Administration, Tirana, Albania Abstract The study area extends over 5’911 km2 (591’091 ha) in two countries. The study area includes 5 municipalities in Montenegro, and 24 communes in Albania. Within the study area lives approximately 500’000 people. The most important aspect of this assessment was the use of existing databases and cartographic information to assess the biodiversity values of the area. The assessment has produced several thematic maps which were used for the analysis and preparation of raster maps combining information. The map of important areas for biodiversity representation (species level) is a fine filter analysis map produced by combining all maps related to species richness (plants and animals) and maps related to species endemism. The map shows the existence of several areas of high and very high importance for biodiversity representation in the area. The map of important areas for biodiversity representation, a coarse filter map, is produced by combining different diversity layers including vegetation diversity, geological diversity and topographic diversity and shows important areas for biodiversity representation. The map shows the presence of several areas of high and very high importance for biodiversity representation at habitat/ecosystem level. The majority of these areas are located around the border between Albania and Montenegro, highlighting the importance of trans-boundary cooperation in effective and successful biodiversity conservation activities. The map of important areas for biodiversity integrity and functionality is produced by combining maps of road density, population density and land use patterns. As it is visible from the map, the area is quite important for providing biodiversity integrity and functionality since there are a lot of undisturbed un-fragmented areas as well as remote areas without road access. The map of important areas for human well being depending on biodiversity is a combination of all maps produced under ecosystem services and shows areas that are important for human well being depending on biodiversity. The map shows a lot of areas of high importance for providing ecosystem services important not only to local communities but to the entire region. The map of most priority areas is a combination of all priority maps suggesting a zoning of the area. It shows the existence of very high and high priority areas for biodiversity conservation, which provide a good base for planning conservation activities in the area. The combination of the zoning map with the protected areas map will allow for a gap analysis of areas put under protection within the study area to provide for protected ecological corridors and connectivity between priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Considering priorities identified according to current patterns of biodiversity importance and conservation status we have identified several actions aiming at improving the management and conservation of natural values as well as allowing for sustainable economic development. Considering priorities for biodiversity conservation and sustainable economic development of the area there is a need to influence policy instruments for supporting these issues. Keywords: biodiversity assessment, GIS, ecosystem approach, conservation planning 1 Introduction The Dinaric Arc is a region of South-Eastern Europe encompassing a large part of the Western Balkans between the Adriatic Sea and the Danube Plain. The Dinaric Alps form the backbone of the region, which is endowed with a natural and cultural heritage with richness and variety that is almost unparalleled in Europe. Over the past twenty years, the countries of the Dinaric Arc have experienced BALWOIS 2012 - Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia - 28 May, 2 June 2012 1 periods of political and social instability, economic crisis and transition towards a market economy and European integration. These difficult times have had a negative impact on the livelihoods of many rural communities in the most remote portions of the Dinaric Arc, as well as on the integrity of ecosystems and traditional landscapes. However, recent favorable events have created a unique opportunity to boost biodiversity, landscape conservation and sustainable rural development in the Western Balkans. All the countries of the region are following, at a different pace, the path towards accession and, eventually, integration in the EU. This process requires the harmonization of national legislation with the EU legislative framework and the adoption of EU policy and regulatory frameworks, which imply strong measures supporting environmental protection and rural development. Moreover, as the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Governments of countries in the Dinaric Arc region recognize the need for trans-boundary cooperation on protected areas, with the aim to create a well managed and ecologically representative protected area network, and to improve economic development in the region, based on natural and cultural values. Within the framework of the Dinaric Arc Initiative1, IUCN has partnered with SNV-Netherlands Development Organization and WWF-Mediterranean Program Office to propose the program “Sustaining Rural Communities and their Traditional Landscapes Through Strengthened Environmental Governance in Trans-boundary Protected Areas of the Dinaric Arc”. This cooperation program has been designed to benefit from the currently favorable opportunity and momentum for improving trans-boundary environmental conservation and governance in the Dinaric Arc. The proposed program aims to foster the sustainable development of rural communities on the basis of conservation of biological diversity and traditional landscapes in Trans-boundary Protected Areas by improving regional cooperation and strengthening environmental governance, including the involvement and empowerment of civil society and local communities. The program is financed by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland. The overall program objective is to promote sustainable development of rural communities in the Dinaric Arc region through increased trans-boundary cooperation in the management and conservation of biodiversity and cultural landscapes. 2 Context Quality of rural life in rural and mountainous Montenegro and Albania is under pressure. Road infrastructure is limited, potential for large-scale mechanized farming and forestry restricted, long-term financing for economic ventures hard to get by for local residents, and nowadays many (younger) people migrate to urban areas in expectation of more economic opportunities, more excitement, better services and facilities. This migration results in ageing and reduced rural populations, and further undermines local development potential. Furthermore, the natural and cultural heritage of the area is under threat, in part due to the demographic trends, to partly subsistence agricultural and unsustainable forestry practices, and insufficient and decreasing human and institutional capacity to design, implement, monitor and control local development. The measures to develop rural economic development should therefore been seen both as measures to alleviate poverty, to ensure sustainability, and for the development of alternative and/or complementary employment opportunities. This study is part of an assignment implement by Institute for Nature Conservation in Albania in the framework of the above mentioned program. The results of this assignment provided the basis for concerted biodiversity conservation measures, across borders, in this area. It will support biodiversity conservation and sustainable socio-economic development, and will support local and national efforts aiming for the same. The objective was to strengthened knowledge of local public, private and civic actors (joined in informal Local Action Groups – LAGs) on biodiversity and landscape values/recourses, on threats (to these values) and awareness of opportunities for sustainable economic use (e.g. eco-tourism), and preparedness for taking intra-LAG joint action for protection and sustainable use of biodiversity. 3 Methods The study of the biodiversity of the area is a multidisciplinary task and is based on the principles of conservation planning. Conservation planning consists of various steps and elements. In general, the 1 The Dinaric Arc Initiative (DAI) is a broad framework of collaboration created in 2005 by several international institutions concerned with the future of the Dinaric Arc region and active in the area. Today, DAI includes the Council of Europe, Euronatur, FAO, IUCN, REC, SNV, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, and WWF. BALWOIS 2012 - Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia - 28 May, 2 June 2012 2 planning and implementation process in the Bjeshkët e Namuna/Prokletije region should follow the typical guidelines of Systematic conservation planning (see e.g. Margules & Pressey 2000): 1. Compile data on the biodiversity of the planning region 2. Identify conservation goals for the planning region 3. Review existing conservation areas 4. Select
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