From Zero to Hero: the Past, Present and Future of Grain Amaranth Breeding
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FODDER AND PSEUDOCEREAL SEED PRODUCTION (STATUS, CONSTRAINT, AND STRATEGIES) Volume 13 No. 2, May - Aug 2020 The National Seed Association of India Magazine FODDER AND PSEUDOCEREAL SEED PRODUCTION (Status, Constraint and Strategies) SEED TIMES 1 May - August 2020 FODDER AND PSEUDOCEREAL SEED PRODUCTION (STATUS, CONSTRAINT, AND STRATEGIES) 2 SEED TIMES May - August 2020 FODDER AND PSEUDOCEREAL SEED PRODUCTION (STATUS, CONSTRAINT, AND STRATEGIES) ABOUT NSAI National Seed Association of India (NSAI) is the apex a wide range of agro-climatic zones. It actively contributes to organization representing the Indian seed industry. The vision the seed industry policy development, with the concerned of NSAI is to create a dynamic, innovative and internationally governments, to ensure that policies and regulations create an competitive, research based industry producing high enabling environment, including public acceptance, so that the performance, high quality seeds and planting materials which industry is globally competitive. benefit farmers and significantly contribute to the sustainable growth of Indian Agriculture. NSAI promotes harmonization and adoption of best commercial practices in production, processing, quality control and The mission of NSAI is to encourage investment in state of distribution of seeds. the art R&D to bring to the Indian farmer superior genetics and technologies, which are high performing and adapted to NSAI Office Bearers NSAI Governing Council Members President: Mr. M. Prabhakar Rao Mr. N.P. Patel Mr. K. Praveen Kumar Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd. Western Agri Seeds Ltd Asian Agri Genetics Ltd. Vice President: Mr. Kamal O. Zunzunwala Mr. Arun Kumar Agarwalla Mr. Siddhartha S Sen Safal Seeds & Biotech Ltd West Bengal Hybrid Seeds Parasmoni Organic & Agri Products Mr. -
The Probable Use of Genus Amaranthus As Feed Material for Monogastric Animals
animals Review The Probable Use of Genus amaranthus as Feed Material for Monogastric Animals Tlou Grace Manyelo 1,2 , Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola 1 , Elsabe Janse van Rensburg 1 and Monnye Mabelebele 1,* 1 Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] (T.G.M.); [email protected] (N.A.S.); [email protected] (E.J.v.R.) 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-471-3983 Received: 13 July 2020; Accepted: 5 August 2020; Published: 26 August 2020 Simple Summary: In monogastric production, feeds account for about 50–70% of the total costs. Protein ingredients are one of the most expensive inputs even though they are not included in large quantities as compared to cereals. Monogastric animal industries are faced with a major problem of limited protein sources, moreover, the competition for plant materials is expected to further increase feed prices. Therefore, to tackle this problem, interventions are required to find alternative and cost-effective protein sources. One identified crop that meets these requirements is amaranth. Studies have shown the potential and contribution that amaranth has as an alternative ingredient in diets for monogastric animals. Therefore, the main purpose of this review is to provide a detailed understanding of the potential use of amaranth as feed for monogastric animals, and further indicate processing techniques are suitable to improve the utilization of grain amaranth and leaves. -
Amaranthus Caudatus L.) T ⁎ Alicia Martinez-Lopeza, Maria C
Journal of Functional Foods 65 (2020) 103735 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Functional Foods journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jff Nutraceutical value of kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus L.) T ⁎ Alicia Martinez-Lopeza, Maria C. Millan-Linaresb, , Noelia M. Rodriguez-Martina,c, Francisco Millanc, Sergio Montserrat-de la Paza a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain b Cell Biology Unit, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain c Department of Food & Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. de Utrera Km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Amaranthus caudatus L. (Amaranthaceae), commonly known as kiwicha, is considered as one of the few multi- Amaranth purpose pseudocereal crops which supply higher nutritional seeds in huge quantities. A. caudatus is rich source Seed of proteins, β-carotene, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Amaranth starch is of promising use by its high Plant protein solubility and digestibility, compared to wheat, rice, and oat, seeds of amaranths are gluten-free and contain Nutraceutical 30% more protein with complete set of amino acid, offering new possibilities for food processing, pharmacology, Kiwicha and cosmetics. In addition to its nutritional value, several studies have highlighted the importance of this A. caudatus as potential sources of biologically active compounds with anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti- hypercholesterolemic effects and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, the introduction in the diet of A. caudatus seeds could be associated with health promotion and prevention of diseases. 1. -
Variation and Geographical Distribution of Perisperm Starch in Grain Amaranths (Amaranthus Spp.), and the Origin of Waxy Perisperm Type
Trop. Agr. Develop. 60(3):172 - 178,2016 Variation and Geographical Distribution of Perisperm Starch in Grain Amaranths (Amaranthus spp.), and the Origin of Waxy Perisperm Type Kazuhiro NEMOTO1, *, Mineo MINAMI1, and Tsukasa NAGAMINE2 1 Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan 2 National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan Abstract Excluding cereals, grain amaranths are known as the only crop with non-waxy and waxy starch types in seeds. We examined the amylose content stored in the perisperm and starch types; non-waxy, waxy and low-amylose types in 266 accessions of three grain amaranth species i.e. Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., A. cruentus L. and A. caudatus L. from around the world. In the accessions from the New World where these species were domesticated, a wide range of amylose contents and all the starch types were detected. Conversely, very limited variation of this trait was observed in the accessions from Asia and Africa. We concluded that the waxy type originated in the New World before being disseminated into Asia and Africa. However, the selection pressure for the waxy type in the perisperm of grain amaranths in the New World was considered to differ from that acting on cereal crops because of differences in the use and people’s preference for sticky food. Key words: Amaranthus spp., Amylose content, Geographical distribution, Grain amaranth, Waxy type In previous reports, the waxy starch type of a grain Introduction amaranth, which stained reddish brown with iodine The starch-rich seeds of grain amaranths (Amaran- solution, had been observed in A. -
Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd)
plants Review Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Emma M. McGinty 1, Kevin M. Murphy 2 and Amber L. Hauvermale 2,* 1 The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+1-509-335-3661 Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa. Citation: McGinty, E.M.; Murphy, Keywords: abscisic acid; desiccation sensitivity; gibberellin; hormone signaling; precocious germina- K.M.; Hauvermale, A.L. Seed tion; seed morphology Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). -
Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: a Mini-Review
applied sciences Review Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review Olusanya N. Ruth 1,*, Kolanisi Unathi 1,2, Ngobese Nomali 3 and Mayashree Chinsamy 4 1 Disipline of Food Security, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa; [email protected] 2 Department of Consumer Science, University of Zululand, 24 Main Road, KwaDlangezwa, Uthungulu 3886, South Africa 3 Department of Botany and Plant Biotectechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa; [email protected] 4 DST-NRF-Center, Indiginous Knowledge System, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 3629, South Africa; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Amaranthus is a C4 plant tolerant to drought, and plant diseases and a suitable option for climate change. This plant could form part of every region’s cultural heritage and can be transferred to the next generation. Moreover, Amaranthus is a multipurpose plant that has been identified as a traditional edible vegetable endowed with nutritional value, besides its fodder, medicinal, nutraceutical, industrial, and ornamental potentials. In recent decade Amaranthus has received increased research interest. Despite its endowment, there is a dearth of awareness of its numerous potential benefits hence, it is being underutilized. Suitable cultivation systems, innovative Citation: Ruth, O.N.; Unathi, K.; processing, and value-adding techniques to promote its utilization are scarce. However, a food-based Nomali, N.; Chinsamy, M. approach has been suggested as a sustainable measure that tackles food-related problem, especially Underutilization Versus in harsh weather. Thus, in this review, a literature search for updated progress and potential Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of uses of Amaranthus from online databases of peer-reviewed articles and books was conducted. -
Qualitative Composition of Amaranth Plants Depending on the Altitude Zone of Mountains and Foothills by Bekuzarova S
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research: D Agriculture and Veterinary Volume 20 Issue 2 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Qualitative Composition of Amaranth Plants Depending on the Altitude Zone of Mountains and Foothills By Bekuzarova S. A., Kuznetsov, I. Yu. & Dzampaeva M. V. Gorsky State Agrarian University Abstract- Amaranth is a multifunctional culture that surpasses many others by the amount of high-grade protein, vitamins, macro- and microelements from a unit of sown area. Amaranth grains (mature seeds) contain 14-18% of protein, up to 8% of oil, about 7% of N-free extractives and up to 4% of ash. It is used as dietary cereal, for the production of baby food, medical products, in the bakery and confectionery industries, as well as in feed production. Amaranth protein in its amino-acid composition approaches the ideal protein. Amaranth protein concentrates are not inferior to soy ones. Leaves of amaranth of vegetable cultivars are used for preparing salads, soups, fried, baked, boiled and dried food products. The green mass of amaranth is a valuable feed for pigs, cattle and other animals rich in proteins and vitamins. Keywords: altitudinal zonation, highlands, foothills, photosynthesis, foliage, quality. GJSFR-D Classification: FOR Code: 070199 QualitativeCompositionofAmaranthPlantsDependingontheAltitudeZoneofMountainsandFoothills Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2020. Bekuzarova S. A., Kuznetsov, I. Yu. & Dzampaeva M. V. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. -
Morphological Characteristics of Amaranthus Cruentus And
Asian Research Journal of Agriculture 8(1): 1-18, 2018; Article no.ARJA.39123 ISSN: 2456-561X Morphological Characteristics of Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus tricolor as Influenced by Integration of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers in Kiambu County, Kenya Kariithi Tabitha1*, Thagana Wilson1 and P. Gweyi-Onyango Joseph1 1Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author KT designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors TW and PGOJ managed the analyses of the study. Author PGOJ managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/ARJA/2018/39123 Editor(s): (1) Mariusz Cycon, Professor, Department and Institute of Microbiology and Virology, School of Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Poland. (2) Tancredo Souza, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal. Reviewers: (1) Fábio Henrique Portella Corrêa de Oliveira, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil. (2) Martín Maria Silva Rossi, Argentina. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sciencedomain.org/review-history/23130 Received 30th November 2017 Accepted 3rd February 2018 Original Research Article th Published 12 February 2018 ABSTRACT A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic fertilisers application on growth parameters of two amaranth varieties. Fifty-four treatments were evaluated as factorial combinations of organic manure applied at 16.9 t/ha, inorganic NPK fertiliser at 500 kg/ha, zero fertiliser (control treatment) and two amaranth varieties (A. -
Amaranthus Cruentus Red Amaranth
Amaranthus cruentus L. Red Amaranth (Amaranthus chlorostachys, Amaranthus hybridus subsp. cruentus, Amaranthus paniculatus) • This Central American species is alternately known Achita, African Spinach, Bledo, Blood Amaranth, Bush Greens, Caterpillar Amaranth, Princess Feather; Purple Amaranth, Red Shank, or Sudan Spinach; the moderately coarse textured plants typically mature at 3N to 5N (6N) with a spread of about a quarter to third of the height; leaves vary in color from yellow-green, medium green, dark green, to bronzish green depending upon the cultivar and nutritional status; leaves are simple, nar- rowly to broadly ovate; bases are acute to cuneate with tips acute to acuminate and with wavy mar- gins; the erect flower panicles are 4O to 8O long and fairly dense, varying from creamy white to blood red in color depending upon the cultivar and mature in late spring to summer depending on sowing times and regional conditions. • While this species is grown for agronomic purposes in many regions of the world, ornamental culti- vars are selected for the showy flower and fruit panicles; primary uses are as tall bedding plants to add height to island plantings or mixed boarders, or for cut flowers; the showy panicles can be very striking as cut flowers and are long lasting features as individual panicles go in the garden; after the initial flowering, plants can be deadheaded to encourage return bloom with mixed success. • The most popular of these taxa is 'Autumn Palette' which offers a of long showy panicles in autumn colors ranging from creamy white, buff, peach, deep apricot, to orange-red; 'Marvel Bronze' has wine-red panicles with darker green leaves that are flushed bronze; while touted as disease and pest resistant in many regions, flea beetles may caused severe damage to the foliage; although this is detrimental to its use as a massing or tall bedding plant, the foliar damage usually occurred late enough in the season that the late spring to summer flowers still matured sufficiently for use in fresh cut or dried arrangements. -
Eurostat Handbook for Annual Crop Statistics
Annual crop statistics Handbook 2020 Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. 3 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Changes from previous versions ............................................................................................. 6 1.1.1 Changes in classification .................................................................................................. 6 2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Definitions and concepts ........................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 Area ...................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Production ......................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Humidity degree ............................................................................................................... 13 2.1.4 Yield ................................................................................................................................... 16 2.2 Units of measurement ............................................................................................................ -
The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2015-06-01 The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Plant Sciences Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Clouse, Jared William, "The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly" (2015). Theses and Dissertations. 5916. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5916 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science P. Jeffery Maughan, Chair Eric N. Jellen Joshua A. Udall Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University June 2015 Copyright © 2015 Jared William Clouse All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Amaranth (Amaranthus Hypochondriacus) Genome: Genome, Transcriptome and Physical Map Assembly Jared William Clouse Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, BYU Master of Science Amaranthus hypochondriacus is an emerging pseudo-cereal native to the New World which has garnered increased attention in recent years due to its nutritional quality, in particular its seed protein, and more specifically its high levels of the essential amino acid lysine. It belongs to the Amaranthaceae family, is an ancient paleotetraploid that shows amphidiploid inheritance (2n=32), and has an estimated genome size of 466 Mb. -
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 7Th Edition
ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names th 7 Edition ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori Published by All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be The Internation Seed Testing Association (ISTA) reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or transmitted Zürichstr. 50, CH-8303 Bassersdorf, Switzerland in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior ©2020 International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) permission in writing from ISTA. ISBN 978-3-906549-77-4 ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names 1st Edition 1966 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Prof P. A. Linehan 2nd Edition 1983 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. H. Pirson 3rd Edition 1988 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. W. A. Brandenburg 4th Edition 2001 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 5th Edition 2007 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 6th Edition 2013 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. J. H. Wiersema 7th Edition 2019 ISTA Nomenclature Committee Chair: Dr. M. Schori 2 7th Edition ISTA List of Stabilized Plant Names Content Preface .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 6 Symbols and Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................................